RTM-based dynamic absorption integrals for the retrieval of biochemical vegetation traits

Information about pigment and water contents provides comprehensive insights for evaluating photosynthetic potential and activity of agricultural crops. In this study, we present the concept of using spectral integral ratios (SIR) to retrieve three biochemical traits, namely chlorophyll a and b (C_ab), carotenoids (C_cx), and water (C_w) content, simultaneously from hyperspectral measurements in the wavelength range 460−1100 nm. The SIR concept is based on automatic separation of respective absorption features through local peak and intercept analysis between log-transformed reflectance and convex hulls. The algorithm was tested on two synthetically established databases using a physiologically constrained look-up-table (LUT) generated by (i) the leaf optical properties model PROSPECT and (ii) the canopy radiative transfer model (RTM) PROSAIL. LUT constraints were realized based on natural C_cx-C_ab relations and green peak locations identified in the leaf optical database ANGERS. Linear regression between obtained SIRs and model parameters resulted in coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.66 (i and ii) for C_cx, R² = 0.85 (i) and 0.53 (ii) for C_ab, and R² = 0.97 (i) and 0.67 (ii) for C_w, respectively. Using the model established from the PROSPECT LUT, leaf level validation was carried out based on ANGERS data with reasonable results both in terms of goodness of fit and root mean square error (RMSE) (C_cx: R² = 0.86, RMSE = 2.1 μg cm⁻²; C_ab: R² = 0.67, RMSE = 12.5 μg cm^-2; C_w: R² = 0.89, RMSE = 0.007 cm). The algorithm was applied to airborne spectrometric HyMap data acquired on 12th July 2003 in Barrax, Spain and to AVIRIS-NG data recorded on 2nd July 2018 southwest of Munich, Germany. Mapping of the SIR results as multiband images (3-segment SIR) allows for intuitive visualization of dominant absorptions with respect to the three considered biochemical variables. Barrax in situ validation using linear regression models derived from PROSAIL LUT showed satisfactory results regarding C_ab (R² = 0.84; RMSE = 9.06 μg cm^-2) and canopy water content (CWC, R² = 0.70; RMSE = 0.05 cm). Retrieved C_cx values were reasonable according to C_ab-C_cx-dependence plausibility analysis. Hence, the presented SIR algorithm allows for computationally efficient and RTM supported robust retrievals of the two most important vegetation pigments as well as of water content and is ready to be applied on satellite imaging spectroscopy data available in the near future. The algorithm is publicly available as an interface supported tool within the 'Agricultural Applications' of the EnMAP-Box 3 hyperspectral remote sensing software suite.     

黄东海秋季色素经验算法研究

对海洋色素浓度的监测是海洋水色遥感的主要目的之一。文章基于HD200309航次同步获取的表观光学数据和叶绿素a数据,开发了黄东海秋季色素反演经验算法。从反演的效果可见,有85%的样品控制在±40%之内。     

Estimating chlorophyll content of crops from hyperspectral data using a normalized area over reflectance curve (NAOC)

The Normalized Area Over reflectance Curve (NAOC) is proposed as a new index for remote sensing estimation of the leaf chlorophyll content of heterogeneous areas with different crops, different canopies and different types of bare soil. This index is based on the calculation of the area over the reflectance curve obtained by high spectral resolution reflectance measurements, determined, from the integral of the red–near-infrared interval, divided by the maximum reflectance in that spectral region. For this, use has been made of the experimental data of the SPARC campaigns, where in situ measurements were made of leaf chlorophyll content, LAI and fCOVER of 9 different crops – thus, yielding 300 different values with broad variability of these biophysical parameters. In addition, Proba/CHRIS hyperspectral images were obtained simultaneously to the ground measurements. By comparing the spectra of each pixel with its experimental leaf chlorophyll value, the NAOC was proven to exhibit a linear correlation to chlorophyll content. Calculating the correlation between these variables in the 600–800 nm interval, the best correlation was obtained by computing the integral of the spectral reflectance curve between 643 and 795 nm, which practically covers the spectral range of maximum chlorophyll absorption (at around 670 nm) and maximum leaf reflectance in the infrared (750–800 nm). Based on a Proba/CHRIS image, a chlorophyll map was generated using NAOC and compared with the land-use (crops classification) map. The method yielded a leaf chlorophyll content map of the study area, comprising a large heterogeneous zone. An analysis was made to determine whether the method also serves to estimate the total chlorophyll content of a canopy, multiplying the leaf chlorophyll content by the LAI. To validate the method, use was made of the data from another campaign ((SEN2FLEX), in which measurements were made of different biophysical parameters of 7 crops, and hyperspectral images were obtained with the CASI imaging radiometer from an aircraft. Applying the method to a CASI image, a map of leaf chlorophyll content was obtained, which on, establishing comparisons with the experimental data allowed us to estimate chlorophyll with a root mean square error of 4.2 μg/cm², similar or smaller than other methods but with the improvement of applicability to a large set of different crop types.     

无机砷As(Ⅲ、Ⅴ)对牟氏角毛藻生长、叶绿素荧光特性及基因组DNA甲基化水平的影响

以AsO2-和HAsO42-分别暴露处理牟氏角毛藻(Chaetocerosmulleri)研究As(Ⅲ、V)毒性作用,As(Ⅲ)浓度梯度为0、10、50、100、300和500 μmol/L,As(V)浓度梯度为0、30、60、120、300和600 μmol/L,分别在第1、3、7d取样,研究不同浓度的As(Ⅲ、V)...     

Primary production processes in the Taiwan Strait——Spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton biomass and productivity

INTRODUCTIONAsthefundamentalbasisofthewholebiogeOChemicalcyclingofcarbon,primaryproduction.TIsWOrkwassupportedbyfUndsfmtheStateEducation~ssboandFujianaudienceFOUndstion.processesswitchontheflowofmaterialsandenergyintheoceanicecosystem,supportlargeamountoffisheryproductiononwhichourhumanbeingsrelyonfacesupply.Althoughconsistingonly8%oftheglobaloceanarea,coastalregionssupply26%oftheglobaloceanicbiologicalproductsand2/3--3/4oftotalfisheryresources.Therefore,theinvestigationsonphytoplank…     

低温对玉米幼苗生理反应的影响

将玉米晚熟品种吉单159三叶期幼苗进行6 ℃、10 ℃低温处理3天、6天,发现幼苗脯氨酸含量明显增加,电导率提高,可溶性蛋白含量随着低温处理时间的延长先增加后减少,叶绿素SPAD值减少,光合速率下降。     

南海东北部夏季叶绿素a浓度垂向变化特征及其对水动力过程的响应*

叶绿素a浓度是估算海洋初级生产力的一个重要参数, 在海洋中垂向分布极不均匀, 其分布特征及影响机制是海洋生态学研究的重要基础问题。利用海洋光学观测的高垂向分辨率剖面数据, 系统地研究叶绿素a浓度垂向剖面的时空分布特征及其与海洋动力环境要素的关系, 可为揭示南海典型动力过程的生态环境效应提供重要基础。文章基于2015年夏季黑潮调查航次实测生物光学剖面, 利用676nm处吸收基线高度(a_LH(676))与叶绿素a浓度(Chla)之间的关系, 建立了具有较高反演精度的叶绿素a浓度反演算法(Chla=49.96×(a_LH(676))^0.9339, 决定系数R²=0.87和均方根误差RMSE=0.16mg·m^-3); 进一步结合观测期间物理过程, 揭示了叶绿素垂向分布对不同水动力过程的响应特征。研究结果表明, 近岸区域表层叶绿素a浓度变化范围为0.42~1.57mg·m^-3, 随着水深增加, 叶绿素a浓度逐渐降低, 在沿岸上升流影响区域, 叶绿素a浓度明显增高, 垂向上相对趋于均一分布; 次表层叶绿素极大值(Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum, SCM)现象在外海显著存在, 受中尺度过程影响明显, SCM深度在34m到100m之间变化, 在吕宋岛以西海域, 黑潮入侵加速了上层水体的混合, SCM所在水层被显著抬升至34m左右; 在冷涡影响区域, 次表层叶绿素极大值层被抬升, 涡旋中心比涡旋边缘抬升更为显著, 同时SCM的厚度增大。     

东、黄海典型海域叶绿素a含量的垂向变化与周日波动

2000年10月21至11月5日对东海与黄海典型海区进行了叶绿素a浓度的现场周日观测，地理环境和水文状况的差异使各海区的垂向变化与日波动表现各自的特征：东海观测站位在垂向上的分布比较单一，多数呈上混合层均匀分布型并在跃层以上递减；长江口受潮流影响大，偶而在底层峰值，而南黄海观测站位垂向布出现了均匀分布型与次表层双峰型两种，受潮流等影响，叶绿素a浓度的日变化在各海区间及各自的垂向上都有所差异；出现层化的测站，跃层以上日波动层以下明显；在E7测站的表层和长江口测站的底层都以半日周期为，而南黄海测站以全日周期为主。     

高产油突变藻株Desmodesmus sp. D90G-19 的光合作用特征

Desmodesmus sp.S-1 藻株经重离子诱变后得到的一株突变体D90G-19, 较其野生型的油脂产率提高了20.6%; 同时对野生型和突变株的光合放氧速率, 色素组成和叶绿素荧光动力学进行了分析。与野生型相比, 突变体D90G-19 的光合作用有如下特点: 1. D90G-19 的光饱和点为500 μmol/(m²·s), 无论是在强光还是在弱光下, D90G-19 的光合作用效率都显著高于其野生型; 2. 突变体D90G-19 对高温的适应性比野生型强; 3.在弱碱性条件下,D90G-19 的光合效率的提升较之野生型更为显著。培养D90G-19 的最佳光照强度应在250～400 μmol/(m²· s)之间, 最适温度在25~30℃, 培养液pH 值则以弱碱性为宜(7相似文献   

黄东海海区浮游植物色素吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度关系研究

浮游植物色素吸收与叶绿素a浓度关系研究是水色遥感生物-光学算法开发的重要组成部分,我们利用HD200304航次和HD200309航次的测量数据,开发了色素吸收系数的波段关系模型(αφ(λ)-αφ(675))和色素吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度关系(αφ(λ)-αφ(675))模型,并在模型开发的基础上,利用叶绿素a浓度反演典型波段的色素吸收系数,效果良好。