Adsorption of Brilliant Green from Aqueous Solutions onto Crosslinked Chitosan Graft Copolymers

In this study, graft copolymerization of itaconic acid (IA) and crotonic acid (CA) onto the crosslinked chitosan beads were carried out using ammonium persulfate as initiator. Grafted chitosan beads were characterized by FT‐IR analysis and grafting percentage determination. Grafting efficiency and add‐on percentages values of grafted chitosan beads were determined as 23–29 and 32–47%, respectively. Then, equilibrium isotherms and kinetics of brilliant green adsorption onto grafted chitosan beads were investigated. The results indicated that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model fitted better than the data obtained from pseudo‐first‐order model for the adsorption of brilliant green onto grafted chitosan beads. The fit of data for brilliant green (BG) adsorption onto grafted chitosan beads suggested that the Langmuir model gave closer fittings than the Freundlich model.     

海洋生物多糖/寡糖对鱼糜制品保水作用的研究

为了寻找安全有效的海洋生物保水剂,本研究以海洋生物多糖/寡糖为研究对象,经多糖筛选和单因素实验确定壳聚糖1号、壳聚糖2号和海藻酸钠的最佳添加量,采用响应面优化实验确定最优复配值为:壳聚糖1号0.29%,壳聚糖2号1.11%,海藻酸钠0.93%,在此条件下测得的鱼丸解冻失水率为1.46%±0.24%,结果表明该多糖复配组合对鱼丸制品具有较好的保水作用。通过扫描电镜观察多糖组鱼丸的微观结构,发现其结构致密,无较大孔隙。通过本实验的开展,能够为水产品的保水保鲜剂的开发提供新思路。     

壳聚糖对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼生长性能、体组成及非特异性免疫的影响

用壳聚糖添加量为0.00%(D0)、0.25%(D1)、0.50%(D2)、1.00%(D3)和2.00%(D4)的实验饲料投喂虹鳟幼鱼50d,研究其对虹鳟幼鱼生长性能、体组成及非特异性免疫的影响。结果显示,各实验组增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数(FCR)、脏体比(VSI)呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05),而肝体比(HSI)、脾体比(SSI)、肥满度(CF)及存活率(SR)无明显差异(P>0.05)。全鱼、肌肉及肝脏粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。D3组和D4组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著低于其它各组(P<0.05);酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著降低(P<0.05),溶菌酶(LZM)活性则显著升高(P<0.05);D4组总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组及D1组(P<0.05);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力差异不显著(P>0.05)。在本实验条件下,饲料中添加壳聚糖可显著提高虹鳟幼鱼生长性能、增强非特异性免疫能力,以增重率及非特异性免疫为综合评价指标,虹鳟饲料中壳聚糖的适宜添加量为0.50%。     

甲壳胺微载体培养Vero细胞实验

采用以甲壳胺为基质合成的ＣＸ—１型微载体，进行Ｖｅｒｏ细胞悬浮培养实验。结果表明，在１ｍｇ／ｍｌ甲壳胺微载体浓度下，使用ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养基，添加１０％新生牛血清，３７℃培养３ｈ，传代Ｖｅｒｏ细胞能够快速贴附于微载体上。悬浮培养２４ｈ时，细胞浓度达到２．２６×１０５个／ｍｌ；培养７２ｈ时，细胞浓度达到６．８９×１０５个／ｍｌ；培养１２０ｈ时，细胞浓度达到７．１２×１０５个／ｍｌ。电镜观察表明细胞在微载体上长势良好。说明甲壳胺微载体适合Ｖｅｒｏ细胞高密度悬浮培养     

甲壳胺人工皮—CHIMEHERB治疗不同类型创面初步结果

本文报告了1989年1月至12月使用甲壳胺人工皮治疗94例不同类型创面,其中手部创伤66例,烧伤5例,其它创面17例。结果断层皮肤损伤愈合良好,小面积全层皮肤损伤愈合后有少量疤痕形成,在手外伤中,以指端损伤效果较好,采用此疗法,方法简单,易于推广。     

关于制备壳聚糖纤维的研究(英文)

研究壳聚糖的脱乙酰度和纺丝原液的浓度对纤维性能的影响。并对湿法纺丝设备及湿法纺丝的条件进行了初步的探索。     

溶菌酶对海洋生物高分子壳聚糖的降解研究

用粘度法和吸光度法 ,研究了溶菌酶非专一性降解壳聚糖过程中温度、pH、时间、酶浓度、底物浓度对溶菌酶降解壳聚糖反应速度的影响 ,确定了以壳聚糖为底物的溶菌酶的一些催化特性 :温度为60℃ ,pH值为4.0时 ,达到最大酶反应速度。0.5～4.0h内酶反应速度恒定 ;酶浓度在0.5～4U/ml范围内 ,酶反应速度与酶浓度成线性关系。米氏常数Km 为9.03×10-4 mol/L。     

Bioremediation of oil-contaminated sediments on an inter-tidal shoreline using a slow-release fertilizer and chitosan

A 95-day field trial on the bioremediation of oil in beach sediment using Osmocote and chitosan was conducted on an inter-tidal foreshore in Singapore. Osmocote was the key factor in enhancing nutrient levels in sediments, the metabolic activity of the indigenous microbial biomass, and the biodegradation of aliphatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with ring number of 2 and 3. In contrast, chitosan did not enhance these parameters in the presence of Osmocote. However, the addition of chitosan to Osmocote amended sediments significantly enhanced biodegradation of recalcitrant 4–6-ring PAHs. This is most likely due to the high oil adsorbancy capacity of chitosan, which enhances the bioavailability of high ring number PAHs to the microbial biomass.     

壳多糖对罗氏沼虾、斑节对虾苗生长和抗菌防病作用研究

探讨壳多糖（chitosan）对虾苗的生长和抗菌防病的作用。用玻璃缸培育罗氏沼虾和斑节对虾苗,在水体中添加不同浓度的壳多糖,人为感染气单胞菌或弧菌,观测虾苗的生长和抗病情况。结果表明：（1）在培养水体中加入壳多糖（50×10-6）能净化水质,防止水质恶化,因而可进行不换水育苗;（2）壳多糖（25×10-6～100×10-6）可抑制气单胞菌和弧菌的生长繁殖,增强抗病能力,提高虾苗的成活率;（3）适宜浓度25×10－6～50×10-6）的壳多糖对虾苗的生长有促进作用。