南堡油田保持中深层泥页岩井壁稳定钻井液研究

在南堡油田中深层钻井过程中,东二、东三、沙一段泥页岩的剥落掉块经常造成井壁坍塌掉块、钻具阻卡、电测遇阻等井下复杂情况。分析了中深层泥页岩的理化特性,研究探讨了泥页岩的坍塌机理。在此基础上,提出了选用强封堵抑制型钻井液是有效抑制中深层泥页岩剥落掉块的根本措施。这一研究成果对于在南堡油田中深层开发工程中提高钻速、减少井下复杂情况发生具有重要意义。     

稳定碳同位素在湘中千佛洞上覆土壤-滴水-现代沉积物的迁移特征研究

通过对2021年1月~2022年10月期间,湘中千佛洞洞外大气-上覆土壤气-洞穴空气二氧化碳含量（pCO₂）及其碳同位素（δ¹³C_CO2）、8个洞穴水体（4个滴水、3个地下河水、1个池水）溶解无机碳同位素（δ¹³C_DIC）以及洞穴现代沉积物碳同位素（δ¹³C）的连续监测,初步获得了监测时段内千佛洞岩溶系统中δ¹³C在垂直方向上运移的变化特征,并得到以下3点主要认识：1）千佛洞上覆土壤气、洞穴空气pCO₂及δ¹³C_CO2表现出相似的季节变化特征,夏季pCO₂偏高,δ¹³C_CO2偏轻,冬季则相反。降水量和温度是土壤pCO₂及δ¹³C_CO2变化的主要影响因素;2）千佛洞洞穴水体δ¹³C_DIC值呈现显著的季节变化规律,夏季偏轻,冬季偏重,表明土壤pCO₂及δ¹³C_CO2对其影响较大,说明该洞洞穴水体δ¹³C_DIC可以较好地响应外界环境变化。此外,4个滴水点δ¹³C_DIC值在变幅和绝对值之间存在一定差异,这可能是受到不同滴水点的运移路径和滴水速率等因素的影响;3）千佛洞现代沉积物δ¹³C也表现出明显的季节变化特征,说明该洞现代沉积物δ¹³C可以较好地继承滴水中的δ¹³C_DIC信号。千佛洞的初步观测结果为利用该洞穴或者临近区域洞穴沉积物开展古气候重建提供了借鉴和参照。

     

汉江流域1951-2003年降水气温时空变化趋势分析

利用1958-2017年长江中下游地区426个国家站逐日降水资料,通过线性趋势分析法、EOF分解法,使用五个降水特征量,分析了60 a来长江中下游地区降水的变化规律。结果表明：（1）长江中下游地区年降水量呈上升趋势,线性趋势为2.21 mm·a^-1,夏季的线性趋势为2.03 mm·a^-1,冬季雨量略增,而春、秋两季雨量略减;（2）年降水日数的线性趋势为-0.46 d·a1,春、秋、冬三季降水日数均有减少,夏季持平;（3）降水强度呈弱上升趋势,降水强度的高值中心在江西以东大部以及湖北东部、安徽南部边缘,夏季的降水强度最大,冬季的最小,四季的降水强度均有弱增加趋势;（4）降水变异系数的高值中心位于安徽西北部边缘,最高值为0.25,低值中心位于湖南西部,最低值为0.14;春季的降水变异系数最低,夏季整体稳定,秋冬两季的波动性较大;（5）以年降水量作为指标可以把长江中下游地区划分为三种空间分布型,即长江中下游流域区域一致型、长江中下游北部和南部南北反相变化空间型以及长江中下游东部和西部东西反相变化空间型。

     

2017年洞庭湖特大洪水分析

2017年6月22日至7月1日,湖南省大部分地区发生了持续性强降雨过程。暴雨在湘水、资江、沅水及洞庭湖区来回摆动,三水(湘、资、沅)及湖区周边洪水接近于同时入湖,造成了洞庭湖历史罕见的特大洪水,入湖洪峰出湖洪峰均为1954年以来最大。     

黄河中游水系河流阶地序列与数值年代

根据黄河中游水系河流阶地的年代资料,通过对比各种测年结果,获得一个具有较准确数值年代的黄河中游的阶地序列。黄河中游水系河流阶地可分为黄河干流阶地(即兰州段、晋陕峡谷段、禹门口至河南孟津段黄河阶地)、黄河一级支流阶地(渭河和汾河阶地)、黄河二级河流阶地(泾河和洛河阶地)。建立一个准确的阶地序列和数值年代框架,需要多种测年技术的相互印证以及加强河流上下游阶地对比研究。总体来讲,兰州段黄河阶地的年代可靠度比较高,而晋陕峡谷段的河流阶地年代仍有很多争议;渭河的下游阶地年代相对较可靠,但渭河上游、汾河、泾河、洛河的阶地年代研究还需要加强。     

黑龙江省五常地区重力场特征及区域地质构造特征分析

区域重力调查工作,对断裂的空间位置及区域构造分区是主要地质任务之一。本文利用布格重力异常,进行深部场、浅部场的分析。通过场的分离对区域场与剩余场特征分析;经过异常转换信息划分区域地质构造界线,特别是对Ⅲ级构造单元的划分从重力异常成果中,获得三高二低趋势,通过深大断裂划分确定区域地质构造分区界线,从而重新划分该区Ⅲ级以上构造区块位置,本次工作成果将为今后该区研究工作带来新的信息。     

Invariant manifolds, phase correlations of chaotic orbits and the spiral structure of galaxies

In the presence of a strong   m = 2  component in a rotating galaxy, the phase-space structure near corotation is shaped to a large extent by the invariant manifolds of the short-period family of unstable periodic orbits terminating at L ₁ or L ₂. The main effect of these manifolds is to create robust phase correlations among a number of chaotic orbits large enough to support a spiral density wave outside corotation. The phenomenon is described theoretically by soliton-like solutions of a Sine–Gordon equation. Numerical examples are given in an N -body simulation of a barred spiral galaxy. In these examples, we demonstrate how the projection of unstable manifolds in configuration space reproduces essentially the entire observed bar–spiral pattern.     

鄱阳湖乐安河流域水质监测优化布点

采用鄱阳湖乐安河流域13个监测断面1995-2002年8年的污染指标的监测平均值作为原始数据,应用物元分析法对各监测断面进行优化．在确定最佳和最次理想点的基础上,建立标准物元矩阵和节域物元矩阵,并结合综合关联函数,选出优化点位．同时应用相关分析中的距离分析和K-均值聚类法确定各监测点所属类别．综合这三种优化结果,最终确定乐安河流域可以由传统的13个监测点位优化为9个监测点位．     

Differential uplift between Beihuaiyang and Dabie orogenic belt

Isotope dating, hornblende geobarometer, fission-track analysis and fluid inclusion homogeneous temperature analysis have been applied to Caledonian, Variscan and Yenshan plutons in Bei Huaiyang (BHY) and Dabie orogenic belt (DOB), and the emplaced depths and ages of these plutons have been obtained in order to obtain differential uplift time and uplift heights between BHY and DOB since late Paleozoic era. BHY had experienced three stages of uplift (C1-C2, T-J2, J3-K1) and its total uplift height is about 10 km, but, DOB had only experienced two stages of uplift (T-J2, J3-K1) and its maximum uplift height is more than 15 km. BHY uplift occurred mainly before the mid-Jurassic (about 150 Ma), but DOB uplift took place after the mid-Jurassic (about 150 Ma).     

Indosinian Tectonic Transition in Yunkai Massif: Petrological and Geochemical Constraints from Two-mica Granite in Yangchun Area,South China

The tectonic background of the Indosinian granites in South China Block remains highly debated. The Yunkai massif, connecting the Paleo-Tethys and Paleo-Pacific tectonic domains, is a key site for studying the tectonic background of the Indosinian granitoids in South China. In this paper, we select a two-mica granitic pluton from the Yangchun area of the Yunkai Massif to conduct comprehensive researches including petrology, geochronology, and geochemistry. Zircon U-Pb dating yield two concordant 206Pb/238U ages of 426.4±1.7 Ma (MSWD=2.4, n=8) and 239.1±1.7 Ma (MSWD=1.2, n=4), respectively. A further monazite U-Pb dating gives only one concordant 206Pb/238U age at 239.0±0.3 Ma (MSWD=1.2, n=31), consistent with the younger zircon U-Pb age. We therefore conclude that the Yangchun two-mica granite was formed during Triassic (ca. 239 Ma). The granite rocks belong to S-type granite with a peraluminous affinity. They also show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and depletion in high field strength elements and relatively flat chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns with negative Eu anomalies, and have low zircon saturation temperature of 725–747 ℃ as well. The bulk-rock and monazite Nd and zircon Hf isotope analyses yield whole-rock εNd(t) values from –10.8 to –9.4, monazite εNd(t) values from –10.9 to –8.4, and zircon εHf(t) values from –13.2 to –7.8, with depleted model age ranges of 1.8–1.9 Ga for whole rock tDM2(Nd), 1.7–1.9 Ga for monazite tDM2(Nd) and 1.8–2.1 Ga for zircon tDM2(Hf). The consistent Nd and Hf isotope data among the bulk rock, monazite and zircon in the Yangchun two mica granite indicate that the granite was derived from ancient recycled crustal components. The parent magma experienced a dominated fractionation of plagioclase and monazite which resulted in the negative Sr and Eu anomalies and low LREE concentrations. Considering the regional geological background, we propose that the two-mica granite in the Yangchun area formed during the tectonic transition between the oceanic slab subduction and orogenic collapse: The late Permian shallow-marine sedimentary sequences and I-type granitic magmatism indicate the subduction of Paleo- Tethys Ocean; the early-middle Triassic crustal shortening and thickening triggered the crustal anatexis to form the S-type granitic magmas such as the Yangchun two-mica granitic pluton; the late Triassic terrestrial red deposits and the occurrence of A2-type granite suggest a stage of orogenic collapse and the resultant lithospheric extension. © 2023 Science Press. All rights reserved.