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51.
星云湖表层沉积物矿物组成及其环境意义 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
星云湖表层沉积物中的矿物成分主要为粘土矿物、碳酸盐矿物、长英质矿物和铁矿物。从下往上方解石和石英具有消长变化规律,即从下往上方解石含量迅速增加,而石英含量则逐渐降低。这种规律性变化与沉积物中CaO和烧失量的变化具有明显的正相关性。它反映了近年来湖泊富营养化有加剧的趋势。星云湖表层沉积物矿物成分的垂向变化与环境变化的对比分析研究表明,沉积物中自生方解石含量的变化可以灵敏地指示湖泊环境变化,是环境变化研究中一个良好的环境替代指标。 相似文献
52.
兰坪盆地是中国著名的三江构造-成矿带的重要组成部分。兰坪盆地西缘发育大量沉积岩容矿脉状Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn多
金属矿床,矿体的分布受一个逆冲推覆构造控制。逆冲推覆构造的根部带主要发育脉状Cu-Ag(Mo) 矿床(包括金满
Cu-Ag、连城Cu-Mo及一系列脉状Cu矿床);前锋带主要发育Pb-Zn-Ag(±Cu) 矿床(包括白秧坪Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu多金属矿
集区及一系列小型的Pb-Zn矿床)。为了探讨兰坪盆地西缘脉状Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床成矿时代,该文在系统总结前人年
代学数据的基础上,补充进行了金满Cu矿床与黄铜矿密切共生的方解石的Sm-Nd法和连城Cu-Mo矿床成矿早阶段辉钼矿
的Re-Os法测年。金满Cu矿床方解石Sm-Nd等时线年龄为58±5 Ma,连城Cu-Mo矿床Re-Os年龄为48±2 Ma,结合前人的资
料表明:(1) 根部带Cu矿床主成矿时代为56~48 Ma,对应于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞造山主碰撞阶段,后期(47~35 Ma) 很可
能存在一期Cu-Ag(Mo) 的叠加或改造成矿作用;(2) 前锋带Pb-Zn-Ag(±Cu) 多金属矿床的成矿作用主要发生在31~29 Ma
左右,对应于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞造山的晚碰撞构造转换期。 相似文献
53.
Sytle M. Antao Ishmael Hassan Willem H. Mulder Peter L. Lee Brian H. Toby 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2009,36(3):159-169
The temperature dependences of the crystal structure and intensities of the (113) and (211) reflections in calcite, CaCO3, were studied using Rietveld structure refinements based on synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. Calcite transforms
from to at about T
c = 1,240 K. A CO3 group occupies, statistically, two positions with equal frequency in the disordered phase, but with unequal frequency in the partially ordered phase. One position for the CO3 group is rotated by 180° with respect to the other. The unequal occupancy of the two orientations in the partially ordered
phase is obtained directly from the occupancy factor, x, for the O1 site and gives rise to the order parameter, S = 2x − 1. The a cell parameter shows a negative thermal expansion at low T, followed by a plateau region at higher T, then a steeper contraction towards T
c, where the CO3 groups disorder in a rapid process. Using a modified Bragg–Williams model, fits were obtained for the order parameter S, and for the intensities of the (113) and (211) reflections.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
54.
Valentina Vanghi Andrea Borsato Silvia Frisia Daryl L. Howard Gertruida Gloy John Hellstrom Petra Bajo 《Sedimentology》2019,66(7):2661-2685
Synchrotron high‐resolution and micro‐X‐ray fluorescence elemental mapping of two coeval coralloid speleothems from Lamalunga Cave (Italy) are complemented with petrographic, morphological and microstratigraphic studies. The importance of these speleothems relies on their direct and indirect association with a complete Neanderthal skeleton (‘Altamura Man’) found inside the cave. The coralloids grew discontinuously between 64·6 ka and the Holocene and reveal exceptionally high concentrations of Mg, Sr and Si, particularly on convex surfaces, where evaporation is more intense. The incorporation of trace elements depends on several factors including location, shape and geometrical evolution during their growth, as well as climate and environmental parameters. This resulted in calcite precipitation with Sr compositions from 100 to 1200 ppm and an average concentration of 7000 ppm Mg. An unusually high Si content (up to 16%) is possibly derived from volcanic ash transported as particulate and in solution inside the cave. The most common fabrics observed consist of non‐fluorescent elongated columnar calcite forming clean isopachous bands and fluorescent fibre‐like crystals associated with laminated, lenticular bands high in Sr, Mg and Si. Variability in Sr, Mg and Si concentrations appears to induce fabric changes in the coralloids. Elongation and lattice distortion of the crystals was found to coincide with high Mg concentrations. The transition from compact elongated to open to fibre‐like, is here interpreted as due to high concentrations of Si and Sr, which are preferentially incorporated in the speleothem at crystal boundaries and intra‐laminae. It is here inferred that coralloid fabric changes and their elemental content potentially record local rainfall variations through time, with the clean compact calcite marking high infiltration and open fibre‐like and micrite fabrics recording dry periods. 相似文献
55.
The abundance of carbonate minerals in rocks is an important element for petroleum geochemists, geologists and engineers to consider during hydrocarbon exploration and production. Carbonate minerals can be related to the depositional environments of the source rocks and hence the type of organic matter that can be subsequently modified through diagenetic processes. The total carbonate content in shales can also be used to deduce their fracability as reservoir rock for shale gas/oil extraction. At present, mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) is the most widely used technique in the oil and gas-related petrophysical and geochemical laboratories for identifying and quantifying carbonate minerals in rock samples. In contrast, the use of the total mineral carbon content parameter MinC (%) from Rock-Eval analysis has been limited despite (1) the parameter's effectiveness as demonstrated through instrument and methodology development; and (2) the presence of a large volume of Rock-Eval results due to its widespread use in the oil and gas industry.In this study, we acquired XRD and Rock-Eval analytical results on over nine hundred rock samples ranging from Ordovician to Cretaceous age from four petroleum sedimentary basins in Canada. Least-squares regression analyses produce empirical equations with R2 values greater than 0.92 for the correlations between XRD total carbonate contents and the Rock-Eval MinC (%) values of six different suites of samples. This indicates that the MinC (%) values generated by Rock-Eval 6 and other instruments of similar capability can be used with confidence for estimating the amounts of total carbonates in sedimentary rock samples. While the correlation between the two types of carbonate content measurements is geology-specific, a global linear regression model (R2 of 0.97) based on the large combined data set has been proposed for approximating the total carbonate abundances based on Rock-Eval MinC (%) values. 相似文献
56.
播卡金矿床位于滇中元古代铜金多金属成矿带之东川矿集区。重点报道了区内与成矿密切相关的钠长岩的岩相学、岩石地球化学及同位素特征。研究表明,播卡钠长岩的主要造岩矿物有钠长石、辉石、黑云母,主量元素特征显示其为富碱、高钠、偏铝质的碱性-过碱性岩石。岩石的稀土元素总量低,相对富集轻稀土元素,明显富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Nd及轻稀土元素La、Ce、Sm,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、U、Th等。岩石的I_(sr)值、ε_(Nd)(t)值显示,其可能为中元古代晚期会理—东川一带大陆裂谷岩浆作用的产物,来源于深部地幔,可能有部分陆壳物质的参与。 相似文献
57.
58.
The reflectance of sediments (gray level) were measured on 11 sediment cores from the Norwegian–Greenland–Iceland Sea (Nordic
seas). The analyzed time interval covers the past five glacial–interglacial cycles. Although the results demonstrate that
the gray-level method has a potential for stratigraphic purposes, it is indicated that gray-level changes in the Nordic seas
are not necessarily driven by variations in the content of biogenic calcite. A detailed comparison of gray-level values with
contents of total CaCO3 (carbonate) and total organic carbon (TOC) reveals no overall causal link between these proxies. However, specific glacial
core sections with layers containing organic-rich sediment clasts as a consequence of iceberg-rafting seem to correlate well
with law gray-level values. Of those cores which show relatively high and comparable carbonate values in the last three main
interglacial intervals (stages 11, 5.5, and 1), stage 11 is always marked by the highest gray-level values. A close inspection
of the surface structure of the foraminiferal tests as well as the conduction of reflectance measurements on these tests leads
to the conclusion that enhanced carbonate corrosion occurred during stage 11. The test corrosion not only affected the reflectance
of the tests by making them appear whiter, it also seems responsible for the comparatively high gray-level values of the total
sediment in stage 11. In contrast, the relatively low gray-level values found in stages 5.5, and 1 are not associated with
enhanced test corrosion. This observation implies that variable degrees of carbonate corrosion can have a profound effect
on total sediment reflectance.
Received: 6 September 1998 / Accepted: 4 April 1999 相似文献
59.
南极洲万达盐湖为饱和方解石湖水。计算出的方解石饱和指数随水深增加而变化。在Ca2+及HCO3-活度值均一的上部氧化环境湖水中,pH及溶解氧(DO)是控制该变化的主要因素,在下部还原环境湖水中,Ca2+及HCO3-的活度对方解石的饱和指数SI的变化起主要作用。这充分揭示了湖底部近代沉积物中分布较多方解石矿物的原因。 相似文献
60.
An experimental study of dissolution kinetics of Calcite, Dolomite, Leucogranite and Gneiss in buffered solutions at temperature 25 and 5°C 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laboratory experiments were carried out continuously for 30–35 days at 25 and 5°C in three different buffer solutions of pH
4.0, 2.2 and 8.4 to calculate dissolution rates of two minerals, calcite (CC) and dolomite (DM) and two rocks, leucogranite
(LG) and gneiss (GN) from the Himalayan range. Calculated rates in terms of release of targeted elements versus time (Ca for
CC; Mg for DM; Si for LG and GN) demonstrate direct correlation with temperature. Dissolution rates are higher at 25°C compared
to 5°C. CC and DM were experimented only at pH 8.4 and results show that both undergo congruent dissolution with CC dissolving
∼5 times faster than DM. Ca and Mg exhibit average apparent activation energies (E
a) of 13.98 and 9.98 kcal mol−1 respectively at pH 8.4 which reflects greater sensitivity of CC dissolution than DM dissolution towards an increase in temperature.
Scanning Electron Microscope attached with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analyser (SEM-EDX) data indicates that dissolution is controlled
primarily by surface-reaction processes, with dislocation sites contributing maximum to the dissolution. As compared to CC
and DM dissolution, LG and GN undergo relatively slower incongruent dissolution with precipitation of some secondary minerals
as revealed from X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results. Rates of dissolution of LG is maximum at pH 2.2, moderate at pH 8.4 and
least at pH 4.0, whereas GN shows maximum dissolution at pH 2.2, moderate at pH 4.0 and least at pH 8.4. A comparison in dissolution
behavior of LG and GN at experimental conditions reveals that increase in Si-release rate in the temperature range between
5 and 25°C is maximum at pH 8.4 (∼3.4–4.5 times), moderate at pH 4.0 (∼3–1.8 times) and least at pH 2.2 (∼1.0–1.5 times).
Within the experimental temperature range, calculated values of E
a for Si release during LG and GN dissolution advocates positive correlation with pH. A substantial decrease in initial values
of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of DM, LG, and GN has been encountered at the end of the experiment, except for
CC for which an increase is observed. The study clearly demonstrates the dissolution behavior of pure minerals and rocks under
controlled conditions. The dissolution rates assume enormous significance for the release of trace elements from rocks/minerals
to the reacting water. 相似文献