南沙群岛南永2井沉积层"红色事件"和"黑色事件"的成因探讨

南沙群岛南永2井的红色沉积层和黑色沉积层标志着两次异常事件,简称为“红色事件”和“黑色事件”。这两个特殊沉积层的主要特征是磁化率为正值、锰铝(黑色沉积)和铁铝(红色沉积)含量高。关于它们的成因主要有两种观点:一种是火山喷发或地震活动,另一种是气候突变。将红色沉积层和黑色沉积层与南海其它珊瑚礁钻井资料、南海及其周缘火山活动和深海沉积中的微玻陨石进行详细对比,并综合分析几种成因的可能性大小。“红色事件”和“黑色事件”在南海其它珊瑚礁钻井中的反映不明显或无反映,表明两事件的影响范围很有限。尽管南海周缘的一些火山活动期次、全球气候变化的一些代用指标和深海沉积中的微玻陨石层在时间上与“红”、“黑”两事件有较好的对比,成岩作用也能使某些沉积层位形成铁富集或锰富集,但综合考虑各个因素可以排除周缘火山喷发、气候突变、撞击事件及成岩作用等4种成因。火山或地震活动引起的铁或锰热泉上涌可以对“红”、“黑”两事件作出较好的解释,是可能性较大的成因。     

无机碳与雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)细胞调节物质

以单细胞雨生红球藻为材料，采用酸碱滴定和CO2加富通气培养微藻的方法，对旧液中HCO3^-和CO3^2-浓度变化以及对红球藻细胞生长的影响进行了研究。结果表明，旧液具有限制红球藻细胞生长和诱导细胞转化的作用。同时，旧液中无机碳离子浓度明显高于新液。培养液中富含CO3^2-时，各细胞数量与CO3^2-浓度呈正相关，相关系数为0．88。溶液中仅有HCO3^-时，各细胞数与HCO3^-浓度也呈正相关性。因此，排除了CO3^2-和HCO3^-作为旧液中的调节物质，限制红球藻细胞生长和诱导细胞转化的可能性。旧液乙酸乙酯提取物生物检测实验表明，在粗提取物中有降低细胞增长和诱导细胞转化的活性，表明调节物质能溶于有机相，也反过来证实无机碳离子不是旧液中的调节物质。DNA含量和倍性分析结果表明，红球藻游动细胞DNA复制可以加倍后不经过原生质分裂就可以再次进行，因此推测旧液中的调节物质对原生质分裂过程产生抑制作用，而不对DNA复制过程产生抑制作用。     

大气污染物质SO2对雾水酸度的控制作用

主要研究了青岛大气污染物质ＳＯ２对雾水酸度的控制作用，用实测结果统计得到雾得水ＰＨ值与Ｃｓｏ２的经验关系式，青岛、烟台等地雾水ｐＨ值与计算值吻合一致，表明统计关系的合理性。通过对青岛雾水中ＳＯ２清除率的估算，说明在青岛雾期，人为污染物质所占比值越高，其污染物质沉降百分率也越高，存留在大气雾中百分率就愈低。     

南黄海夏季海水pCO2研究Ⅱ--下层海水涌升和长江冲淡水对海-气界面CO2通量的贡献

根据2001年7月对南黄海的大面积调查,研究了南黄海夏季pCO2的分布机制,着重讨论下层海水涌升和长江冲淡水对海-气界面CO2通量的贡献,并给出了南黄海海-气界面CO2通量。研究结果表明:夏季南黄海总体上是CO2的1个弱源,大约向大气中释放45.05×104t C。夏季南黄海表层海水pCO2分布表现出了极大的不均性,其汇区主要由长江冲淡水造成,影响区域占汇区吸收CO2的99.9%;而在源区,下层海水涌升虽然面积较小却占源区释放CO2的35.2%。可见陆架边缘海区源/汇格局的地域差异非常之特别。     

Optimum Sample Size to Detect Perturbation Effects: The Importance of Statistical Power Analysis – A Critique

Abstract. The current article describes statistical power analysis as an efficient strategy for the estimation of the optimum sample size. The principle aim is constructively to criticise and enrich the results presented by Mouillot et al. (1999) , who estimate the optimum sample size for evaluating possible perturbations. The authors did not make any reference to statistical power analysis, even though their objective clearly went beyond a simple stock evaluation to assess management strategies in a particular marine ecosystem. Surprisingly, they proposed (a priori) an ANOVA design to test a hypothesis considering both space and temporal scales. However, the authors did not cover important topics related with power analysis and the precautionary principle, both used into environment impact assessment programmes for marine ecosystems. Based on their results and on statistical power analysis, it is demonstrated that the variability (dispersion statistics), a key factor they used to estimate the sample size, is less relevant than the magnitude of perturbation (effect size). Therefore, a greater effort must be devoted to estimate the effect size of a particular phenomenon rather than a desired variability.     

Spatial variability in the partial pressures of CO2 in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas

In the summers of 1999 and 2003, the 1st and 2nd Chinese National Arctic Research Expeditions measured the partial pressure of CO₂ in the air and surface waters (pCO₂) of the Bering Sea and the western Arctic Ocean. The lowest pCO₂ values were found in continental shelf waters, increased values over the Bering Sea shelf slope, and the highest values in the waters of the Bering Abyssal Plain (BAP) and the Canadian Basin. These differences arise from a combination of various source waters, biological uptake, and seasonal warming. The Chukchi Sea was found to be a carbon dioxide sink, a result of the increased open water due to rapid sea-ice melting, high primary production over the shelf and in marginal ice zones (MIZ), and transport of low pCO₂ waters from the Bering Sea. As a consequence of differences in inflow water masses, relatively low pCO₂ concentrations occurred in the Anadyr waters that dominate the western Bering Strait, and relatively high values in the waters of the Alaskan Coastal Current (ACC) in the eastern strait. The generally lower pCO₂ values found in mid-August compared to at the end of July in the Bering Strait region (66–69°N) are attributed to the presence of phytoplankton blooms. In August, higher pCO₂ than in July between 68.5 and 69°N along 169°W was associated with higher sea-surface temperatures (SST), possibly as an influence of the ACC. In August in the MIZ, pCO₂ was observed to increase along with the temperature, indicating that SST plays an important role when the pack ice melts and recedes.     

高效液相色谱法测量海洋浮游植物色素浓度

JGOFS计算和SeaWiFS计划推荐高效液相色谱（HPLC）作为海洋浮游植物色色浓度的测量方法。文章参考SeaWiFS计划制定的HPLC分析规范，叙述采用反相C18ODS色谱柱、996PDA、自动进样器（未配柱温箱）和三元梯度的色谱法测量海洋浮游植物色素浓度的具体实践。     

Atmospheric Correction of SeaWiFS Data for the Retrieval of Suspended Sediment in East China Coastal Waters

The data of SeaWiFS (Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor), installed on SeaStar, has been used to generate SSC (suspended sediment concentration) of complex and turbid coastal waters in China. In view of the problems of the SeaDAS (SeaWiFS Data Analysis System) algorithm applied to China coastal waters, a new atmospheric correction algorithm is discussed, developed, and used for the SSC of East China coastal waters. The advantages of the new algorithm are described through the comparison of the restdts from different algorithms.     

添加纳米TiO2的氯醚树脂的XPS分析

在紫外线老化前后,利用光电子能谱(XPS)研究了分别添加金红石型和锐钛型纳米TiO2的氯醚树脂。研究发现,氯醚树脂中氯、氧元素具有表面富积现象——趋肤效应,而钛和碳元素在内层聚集;添加颜料粒子越小,在表面含量越大;金红石型纳米二氧化钛紫外屏蔽性好,减缓树脂老化;而锐钛型纳米二氧化钛具有显著的光催化活性,加速树脂老化。因此,金红石型纳米二氧化钛将是一种有前途的紫外线吸收剂。