Consolidation behavior of soft deposits considering the variation of prefabricated vertical drain discharge capacity

This paper is primarily focused on why and how to consider the varied discharge capacity during simulations of consolidation via prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) for soft soil deposits. First, the existing studies regarding discharge capacity are summarized and discussed. These studies conclude that the discharge capacity of PVDs at sites vary with the confining pressure and consolidation time. Next, a series of analytical solutions that consider the variation of discharge capacity with ground depth, consolidation time or both simultaneously are presented and compared. Applications of these solutions and of the newly introduced parameters are described. Then, a well-documented case history on ground treatment with PVDs is analyzed, in which the parameters related to the time-dependent discharge capacity were obtained from laboratory tests. A comparison between a classical solution and the newly presented method indicates that consideration of the varied discharge capacity in the consolidation theory can better predict the consolidation process of PVD-improved ground.     

Analytical solutions for consolidation aided by vertical drains

Soil disturbance caused during the installation of vertical drains reduces the in situ hydraulic conductivity of soft deposits in the immediate vicinity of the drains, resulting in a slower rate of consolidation than would be expected in the absence of disturbance. Experimental investigations have revealed the existence of two distinct zones, a smear zone and a transition zone, within the disturbed zone around the vertical drain. The degree of change in the hydraulic conductivity in the smear and transition zones is difficult to assess without performing of laboratory tests. Based on the available literature, four different profiles of hydraulic conductivity versus distance from the vertical drain were identified. Closed-form solutions for the rate of consolidation for each of these four hydraulic conductivity profiles were developed. It is found that different variations of the hydraulic conductivity profiles in the disturbed zone result in different rates of consolidation.     

岩溶区隧道暗河的综合预报及治理方案研究

为确保岩溶区隧道施工安全,利用综合预报分析方法可准确地对地质异常体进行预测,可明显减少发生灾害的可能性。以大广南高速公路紫荆山隧道为工程背景,通过地质分析研究了紫荆山隧道的岩溶发育特征,利用TSP（隧道地震预测）超前地质预报方法对ZK221+960处暗河位置进行了准确预报,并利用地质雷达对暗河的走向进行了短距离探测,探测结果与实际揭露走向基本吻合。针对紫荆山暗河,分析了各种暗河处治措施优缺点,最终制定了泄水洞方案。在保证隧道施工安全和工期的前提下,对泄水洞方案进行了优化处理,优化后的处理方案在紫荆山暗河治理中取得了较好的效果,其结果对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

超软土真空预压室内模型试验研究

随着围海造陆的发展,吹填区底面标高越来越低,吹填土厚度由原来的2 m达到现在的10 m左右,使地基加固时发生很大的压缩变形。在现场真空预压检测过程中发现土体加固后形成上面一层2～3 m的硬壳层,地表以下3～4 m土层强度增长很小。通过超软土真空预压室内模型试验发现加固后由于超软土发生很大的压缩变形,使排水板发生了很大的扭曲变形,甚至发生局部折断现象,导致排水板失效或效率降低,从而使土体加固效果欠佳。在加固土体变形基本稳定后,进行了二次插板再加固的试验,结果表明,土体的沉降进一步发展,含水率进一步降低,十字板强度进一步提高,且沿深度递减幅度大为减小,证明了第一次加固过程中由于土体发生大变形使排水板效率降低,地基不能达到预期的加固效果;采用二次插板可使吹填土产生较好的加固效果。研究成果为探索更有效地加固深厚吹填土方法提供了依据。     

边坡岩体中地下水优化排水机理研究

基于对岩体边坡中地下水的存在性态及作用机理分析 ,提出了实用排水模型 ;建立了排水微分控制方程 ,通过敏感性分析求解此方程而得到岩体中地下水的优化排水方向 ,此成果在岩体边坡地下水渗流、库岸边坡岩体中地下水的有效排泄、岩体滑坡有效排水等方面具有重要的实用价值 ,丰富了岩体水力学及山地灾害学的科学内涵     

疏堵结合堵漏技术在基坑渗漏处理中的应用

以温州市江滨商务区桃花岛片区T05—18地块项目基坑堵漏为例,详细论述了该基坑出现渗漏的原因,并采用疏堵结合堵漏技术对该基坑进行堵漏。用导流管对漏水口进行疏水,可缓解漏水口及周围部分区域土层中的水压力,提高堵漏的成功率;再通过双液注浆的方式,截断基坑中部分水流路径,从而减小漏水口的水流量,同时对基坑起到加固作用。结果表明,疏堵结合堵漏技术在应用中具有快捷、精准、有效等特点,该基坑内57处漏水口均得到有效处理。     

塑料排水板工法中的粘土固结系数的评价方法

塑料板排水工法广泛应用于软地基处理的工程中,在这种工法中如何评价粘土的固结系数,关系到最终沉降量的预测、工程费用的计算等重要问题.本研究用现场试验的方法,在吹填软粘土中打设了3种不同间距的塑料排水板,对分层沉降量进行了监测,并相应地用差分法对沉降量进行了数值预测.探讨了塑料排水板的间距对粘土固结系数的影响效果.     

轻型井点结合明排降水新工艺

研究了在渗入水和层间滞水作为补给的水文地质条件下的基坑降水方法,设计了轻型井点结合明排降水的施工方案,创新地应用了滤水管间隔增减长度法、横插滤水管集水法的工艺措施.实践表明,这些方法成功地解决了上述条件下基坑降水的难题.     

金沙峡电站闸坝区渗流场有限体积法数值模拟

为实现泄冲闸、进水闸和土坝结合部位三维渗流场真实区域的数值模拟,采用有限体积法对含排水孔在内的闸坝区三维渗流场进行了网格划分。根据计算结果可知,闸基处防渗墙效果微弱,溢出点垂直坡降大于允许值,对工程不利,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

Nonlinear radial consolidation of vertical drains under a general time‐variable loading

By incorporating the nonlinear variation of a soil's compressibility and permeability during the process of consolidation, an analytical solution for the radial consolidation of vertical drains has been developed for a general time‐variable loading. The general solution was verified for the cases of instantaneous loading and ramp loading. Detailed solutions were further derived for two special loading schemes: multistage loading and preloading–unloading–reloading. The nonlinear consolidation behavior of a vertical drain subjected to these two types of loading schemes was then investigated by a parametric study. The results show that the loading rate, the ratio of the compressibility index to the permeability index (C_c/C_k), and the initial stress state have a significant influence on the consolidation rate. A smaller value of C_c/C_k, a larger initial stress, or a fast loading rate always leads to a rapid consolidation rate. During the unloading period, a negative excess pore water pressure may occur, and a slower unloading rate may reduce this negative value. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.