曼氏无针乌贼（Sepiella maindroni）脑显微结构及视腺超微结构观察

采用解剖学、组织切片以及电子显微镜技术,对成熟曼氏无针乌贼的脑部形态结构进行观察。结果表明,以贯穿脑的食道作为参照物,可将其脑分为三部分：食道上神经团、食道下神经团以及位于脑两侧两个发达的视叶,各个神经团又可以细分为不同的神经叶。同时采用光镜和电镜技术对内分泌器官——视腺做了显微结构和超显微结构的观察,结果发现,视腺外...     

南极中山站近岸海域生态环境监测与研究

1998年 1 2月 1 1日至 1 999年 1月 1 3日在中山站近岸海域进行了一次较为全面的生态环境监测 ,监测内容包括∶ p H、T、盐度 (电导率 )、浊度、DO、COD、营养盐 (NO3 - N、NO2 - N、NH4 -N和 PO4 - P)和叶绿素 ,部分监测站位海水样品分层采集 ;其间还进行两次中山站区排污口生活污水连续 2 4小时监测。结果表明 ,冰缝间以及海冰底层下 1 m内的海水为各种环境理化因子的急剧变化层 ,大于冰底 1 m深的海水中的各要素变化梯度趋于平稳 ,营养盐垂直分布具有一定规律。p H和 DO为一类海水水质 ,无机氮属一、二类水质 ,无机磷属超三类水质 ,表层海水中叶绿素 a的平均值为 0 .6 71 mg/m3。中山站排放的生活污水中 COD、p H和悬浮物均符合我国的废污水排放标准 ,仅无机磷超一级排放标准。文中还探讨了在中山站近岸海域开展生态环境监测的监测方法     

动静力排水固结法在淤泥质地基处理工程中的应用

以广州南沙泰山石化仓储区1期淤泥质地基处理工程为背景,介绍了采用动静力排水固结法处理促淤饱和软黏土地基的基本思想和工艺。该工程施工与现场实时监测相结合,利用孔隙水压力、土体分层沉降和载荷试验等检测指标对加固效果进行了监测和检测。工程实践表明,采取动力即低能量“少击多遍”的强夯施工工艺,辅以填土预压和设置竖向塑料排水板的静力方法来加固淤泥质地基,其效果明显,促淤地基的物理力学性能和抗变形性能显著提高,整体加固效果很好,工后各项指标完全达到或超过预期值。     

动力排水固结法加固浦东机场促淤地基试验研究

基于浦东国际机场快件处理中心促淤场地的加固处理实践,介绍采用动力排水固结法处理促淤饱和软粘土地基的工艺对吹填粉细砂上试夯区的试验研究,结果表明采取低能量“少击多遍”的强夯施工工艺,并辅以竖向塑料排水板的方法来加固处理饱和促淤软粘土是可行的,促淤地基的力学性能和变形性能显著提高,并实现了用吹填粉细砂代替中粗砂作为强夯垫层,大大降低了工程成本。通过对大面积强夯施工处理效果的检测表明,动力排水固结法加固处理促淤地基效果明显。     

竖向排水井地基工后沉降预测

预测工后沉降是排水固结预压加固软土地基的关键问题之一。根据等应变竖向排水井地基固结理论,提出了沉降曲线的近似计算方法。通过实测沉降资料与近似理论曲线的拟合,获得竖向排水井地基的最终沉降量和平均固结度,从而预估其工后沉降量。将该方法分别应用于真空预压和堆载预压处理的竖井地基,进行工后沉降预测,结果表明该方法是可行的     

砂井地基等效平面问题研究

建立并解析了考虑井阻效应、径竖向组合渗流以及土体水平位移的砂墙平面固结等应变模型。以综合考虑各种因素的Tang Xiao-wu均质砂井地基固结理论为前提,根据砂井地基任意深度处平均超静孔压不变的条件,给出了砂井单元向砂墙单元转换的等效公式,使得复杂的砂井空间问题转化为简单的平面问题。采用此种方法,只需调整地基渗透系数,极大地减少了有限元网格中的砂井单元数,降低了计算规模。通过算例,比较了平面应变模型与PDSS（平面应变-空间渗流）情况下的数值解,验证了等效变换公式的有效性和可靠性。     

Importance of geological information for assessing drain flow in a Danish till landscape

There has, in recent years, been an increasing interest in developing nutrient load mitigation measures focussing on tile drains. To plan the location of such tile drain measures, it is important to know where in the landscape drain flow is generated and to understand the key factors governing drain flow dynamics. In the present study, we test two approaches to assess spatial patterns in drain flow generation and thereby assess the importance of including geological information. The approaches are the widely used topographical wetness index (TWI), based solely on elevation data, and hydrological models that include the subsurface geology. We set‐up an ensemble of 20 hydrological models based on 20 stochastically generated geological models to predict drain flow dynamics in the clay till Norsminde catchment in Denmark and test the results against TWI. We find that the hydrological models predict observed daily drain flow reasonably well. High drain flow volumes were found in stream valleys and in wetlands and lower drain flow volumes in the more hilly parts of the catchment. In spite of the apparent connection to the landscape, there was no statistically significant correlation between TWI and drain flow at grid scale (100 × 100 m). TWI was therefore not found to be a sufficient index on its own to assess where drain flow is generated, especially in the highlands of the catchment. The geology below 3 m was found to have a large impact on the drain flow, and correlations between sand percentage in the subsurface geology and drain flow volume were found to be statistically significant. Geological uncertainty therefore give rise to uncertainty on simulated drain flow, and this uncertainty was found to be high at the model grid scale but decreasing with increasing scale.     

One-dimensional self-weight consolidation with continuous drainage boundary conditions: Solution and application to clay-drain reclamation

Traditional consolidation theories cannot provide good predictions of consolidation settlement in land reclamation because of their assumptions that the influence of soil's self-weight is often neglected, and the drainage boundary is considered as fully pervious/impervious. In view of these limitations, an analytical solution is derived for one-dimensional self-weight consolidation problems with a continuous drainage boundary using the finite Fourier sine transform method. Following the classical Terzaghi's small strain theory, the soil's self-weight is considered to produce consolidation settlement in dredged materials with a constant coefficient of consolidation. The continuous drainage boundary can essentially describe the time-dependent variation of drainage capacity at the interface between two adjacent soil layers. By reducing the interface parameters, the effectiveness of the calculation is demonstrated against the Terzaghi's solution. The influence of interface parameters and soil's self-weight stress coefficient on self-weight consolidation is discussed. As expected, the rate of consolidation considering the self-weight stress is faster, although the dependency of consolidation rate on the material property of void ratio is neglected. Moreover, the plane of maximum excess pore-water pressure is estimated as a function of time factor, based on which a design chart is developed to optimize the layout of horizontal drains in land reclamation.     

脑胶质瘤的CT诊断

目的：进一步研究常见胶质瘤的CT表现特征，提高诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析和总结34例胶质瘤的CT表现特征，结果：34例胶质瘤中，星形细胞瘤24例，少枝胶质细胞瘤5例，室管膜瘤2例，髓母细胞瘤3例，成人多于儿童，幕上多于幕下，不同类型的胶质瘤有特殊的发病部位及典型的CT特征。结论：全面的CT影像学认识与病人年龄，病变部位相结合，能提高脑胶质瘤的诊断准确率。     

变荷载下考虑井阻随时空变化的竖井地基固结解

竖井排水固结法中井阻随时空演变（即由淤堵和弯折所引起的竖井排水能力下降）的现象已引起广泛关注,且变井阻对竖井地基固结速率的影响不容忽略。但目前能同时考虑变荷载及井阻随时间和空间变化的固结解析解还鲜有报道。考虑井阻随时空演变过程,引入实际中广泛采用的单级或多级加载模式,建立了竖井地基固结模型,并应用分离变量法获得固结模型的解析解答。通过与已有的解析解、有限差分解及工程实测值进行对比分析,充分验证了该模型的正确性。通过大量的计算,分析变井阻参数对竖井地基固结性状的影响。结果表明：竖井地基固结速率随竖井最终排水能力的增大而加快,随深度井阻参数及时间井阻参数的增大而减缓,且时间井阻参数的影响更为显著。