铜街子大坝排水孔水中H_2S气体特征研究及大坝安全运行意义

铜街子水电站曾以地质构造情况特殊、复杂而著称,在进行的首次安检中对排水孔水中H2S气体进行了现场测量,总结了分布特征,分析了可能的成因.结合排水孔水中氡气测量结果、水质分析和胶状析出物测试结果,有效地说明了大坝坝基的稳定性,并针对H2S气体对人体的危害,提出减轻对廊道工作人员健康影响的措施.     

打入桩对液化饱和亚砂土改善的探索──无排地下孔隙水措施的处理实例

本文目的是探索饱和亚砂土层在不排水条件下,沉桩后,抗液化能力的改善效果。文章对土壤中粘粒含量,颗粒的级配,井点降水和打桩程序作了分析。结论是:适当的级配和规定打桩程序,土壤的抗液化能力就能有很明显的改善。     

不同排水板真空预压软土加固对比试验研究

针对目前排水板真空预压加固过程中出现的加固效果不良的问题,现有研究大多针对真空预压加载方式,而对于新出现的不同结构类型的排水板缺乏理论及试验研究。采用3种不同排水板进行真空预压模型试验,对比了不同排水板在真空预压过程中的加固规律及效果。试验结果显示,双面连通排水板和秸秆排水板加固后的土体含水率相较于普通排水板分别降低了9%和5%,且十字板剪切强度平均提高了1.7 kPa 和1 kPa。说明双面连通排水板具有更好的防淤堵特性,且新型秸秆排水板在具有环保特点的同时,能够比普通塑料排水板取得更好的加固效果,为解决真空预压加固效果欠佳的问题提供了新的解决思路。     

Understanding and modelling spatial drain–aquifer interactions in a low‐lying coastal aquifer—the Thurne catchment,Norfolk, UK

Seawater intrusion into fresh groundwater formations generally results inadvertently from human activities, such as over‐abstraction from coastal aquifers. This article describes the data analysis to quantify drain–aquifer interactions in a low‐lying pump‐drained coastal aquifer, which is subject to saline intrusion due to widespread land drainage, and the resulting development and application of a numerical groundwater model to understand the spatial groundwater system behaviour (including groundwater salinity fluxes). Without measured flow data in this pump‐drained catchment, a novel groundwater head‐dependent approach to hydrograph separation is described. Time‐variant and time‐invariant MODFLOW analyses are utilised to examine the flow processes. A new approach to calculate drain coefficients, which represent the extensive network of drainage ditches in the regional model, using field information, is described; the sum of the drainage coefficients are close to the values independently estimated from the head‐dependent hydrograph separation. Results show that (1) the groundwater flows into the drainage systems are well reproduced using the new drain coefficients, (2) particle tracking of fresh and saline water can explain observed spatial salinity distribution within drainage networks and (3) the modelled flow of seawater across the coast is approximately 25% greater than that discharged by the pumps, demonstrating the need for drainage management to be aware of the slow response of groundwater systems to past drainage system changes. The article demonstrates that numerical groundwater modelling can produce the improved understanding needed to inform management decisions in such complex environments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stability evaluation and protection of slope for Laosongling-Yanji Highway

The authors analyzed the engineering geological characteristics of the slope of the study area (K75+840-K76+340). Two typical cross-sections have been chosen to analyze the failure modes after the excavation of the highway. Different types of the failure modes have been calculated and analyzed. The results show that some dealing methods have been advised to ensure the stability of the slopes.     

Finite element consolidation analysis of soils with vertical drain

This paper presents a finite element procedure for the analysis of consolidation of layered soils with vertical drain using general one‐dimensional (1‐D) constitutive models. In formulating the finite element procedure, a Newton–Cotes‐type integration formula is used to avoid the unsymmetry of the stiffness matrix for a Newton (Modified Newton) iteration scheme. The proposed procedure is then applied for the consolidation analysis of a number of typical problems using both linear and non‐linear soil models. Results from this simplified method are compared with those from a fully coupled consolidation analysis using a well‐known finite element package. The average degree of consolidation, excess porewater pressure and average vertical effective stress are almost the same as those from the fully coupled analysis for both the linear and non‐linear cases studied. The differences in vertical effective stresses are tolerable except for the values near the vertical drain boundaries. The consolidation behaviour of soils below a certain depth of the bottom of vertical drain is actually one‐dimensional for the partially penetrating case. Therefore, there are not much differences in whether one uses a one‐dimensional model or a three‐dimensional model in this region. The average degree of consolidation has good normalized feature with respect to the ratio of well radius to external drainage boundary for the cases of fully penetrating vertical drain using a normalized time even in the non‐linear case. Numerical results clearly demonstrate that the proposed simplified finite element procedure is efficient for the consolidation analysis of soils with vertical drain and it has better numerical stability characteristics. This simplified method can easily account for layered systems, time‐dependent loading, well‐resistance, smear effects and inelastic stress–strain behaviour. This method is also very suitable for the design of vertical drain, since it greatly reduces the unknown variables in the calculation and the 1‐D soil model parameters can be more easily determined. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无人机遥感技术在海域监测陆源排污口中的应用

目前,各国对水热污染及其影响进行了多方面的研究,并制定了冷却水温度的排放标准。我国和其他一些国家尚未制定有关标准,因此,有必要开展这方面的研究。本项目主要研究利用无人机搭载红外传感器的方式进行入海陆源排污口附近海域的海水温度监测,研究分析不同类型排污口对其周边海域的温升影响程度。     

Fisheries rent creation and distribution—the imaginary case of Codland

This paper discusses actual and possible achievements and failures of Codland and examines it from the point of view of efficiency and in terms of distribution. Joint analysis of the two approaches is needed when contemplating fisheries management reforms, since such reforms may create both winners and losers. The analysis demonstrates how rent drain from fishing communities and countries may occur despite significant resource rent creation. The change in the Codland economy is illustrated and compared to that of actual countries and to resource economic theory. It is concluded that if distributional and equity objectives matter, other instruments than ITQs, such as conditional tradeable fish quotas and vessel licences, resource taxes, co-management, public ownership, auctions, leases, time limited rights, time and area regulations, territorial user rights (TURFs) and marine protected areas (MPAs), should also be used.     

青岛前湾港软土物质成分与结构及加固方案设计

青岛前湾港地基的天然强度低 ,在外荷作用下承载力不高 ,导致地基变形较大 ,且变形稳定历时过长 ,因此必须对地基进行处理以满足设计要求。在大量的现场试验、监测结果的基础上 ,通过软土地基变形机理的分析研究 ,提出了地基处理的方案———塑料排水板法。根据软土层的物理力学指标 ,对塑料排水板的长度、间距、排列方式以及施工时间进行了设计计算。推算了地基土所能达到的固结度 ,并确定了最佳方案     

排水粉喷桩(2D工法)加固软土地基对桩周土体强度的影响

排水粉喷桩(简称2D工法)作为一种新的软土地基处理方法,在淮盐公路软基处理中得到试用,效果良好;但是目前对其桩间土强度的变化规律还不是很清楚,本文首次通过大量现场试验,采用静力触探、十字板剪切等试验手段,测得了排水粉喷桩施工后桩间土强度变化的规律。结果显示在排水粉喷桩施工后,桩间土强度先降低,之后随着龄期的增长而提高。