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球近似艾黎-海斯卡宁均衡模型分析

针对传统的均衡重力异常方式基于平面近似,积分范围较小、计算公式的适用性受限、表征的信息量有限的问题,该文在球坐标下分析艾黎-海斯卡宁(Airy-Hesikanen)均衡模型。以计算点向径为半径,将地形分为布格球壳和粗糙地形两部分,计算其地形影响和均衡改正。在实验区,选用补偿深度21km、密度差0.678g/cm3的模型参数,采用该文公式和传统公式计算均衡重力异常,并比较分析其计算值。结果表明,以球近似Airy-Hesikanen均衡模型计算均衡重力异常值,在小积分范围以及平坦地区,与传统公式计算值的精度相当;但随着积分半径增加,球近似Airy-Hesikanen均衡模型计算值精度不断提高、变化更平缓,说明球近似AiryHesikanen均衡模型代替平面近似Airy-Hesikanen均衡模型应用于重力问题研究更为符合地球实际情况。     

Laboratory Measurement and Correction of Thermal Properties for Application to the Rock Mass

The requirement for quantitative thermal property data in assessing the performance of an engineered repository is identified. Experimental methods for the measurement of thermal conductivity, thermal expansivity and heat capacity are outlined and typical test results are presented for two rock-types of interest in relation to the Sellafield site. The controls on the thermal properties are discussed and a series of corrections from the rock material to the rock mass properties are presented. Finally, a correction scheme that accounts for the effect of scale is followed.     

道路工程GPS平面控制网建网方法

以往GPS建立的平面坐标系属法线系统,而选线设计均在垂线和水准面为基准的坐标系统下进行,其数据未做两化改正而直接用于施工放样。为了消除因GPS引入线路勘测而引发的法线系统坐标系与垂线系统坐标系之间的矛盾,本文采用逆向两化改正的方法,从理论上提出了直接用GPS建立垂线和水准面系统下平面坐标系的技术路线,并推导出逆向两化改正及其精度评定公式。     

gPhone重力仪的面波频段响应实测研究

以中国大陆构造环境监测网络昆明台和恩施台gPhone相对重力仪连续重力潮汐观测数据为基础,研究了gPhone重力仪在1 mHz以上频段的高频响应。从瑞利面波角度获得gPhone重力仪的高频响应,并且通过与同址观测的STS-1地震仪LHZ分量数据进行对比,验证了gPhone重力仪高频观测结果的可靠性。对比从gPhone重力仪和STS-1地震仪观测数据中提取到的面波波形和群速度频散曲线,发现昆明台两类仪器观测到面波信号的振幅和相位都较为一致,而恩施台仅振幅较为一致,相位上存在较明显差异,gPhone重力仪记录的面波信号在各频段存在不同的时间延迟。用两类仪器观测数据获得了大地震激发的自由振荡,结果表明两类仪器观测到的基频球型模态自由振荡的频率和振幅都吻合较好,进一步验证了gPhone重力仪对高频频段信号振幅响应的可靠性。以上研究结果表明:利用gPhone重力仪能够准确地观测到大地震激发的面波和自由振荡等高频信号的振幅,但在记录信号的相位信息时,有些仪器会有相位偏移产生,如果研究中需要考虑信号的相位,则必须获得仪器相位偏移量,再进行仪器相位校正。     

非差误差改正信息的大范围单历元网络差分方法

针对网络差分方法多采用双差模型,但双差模型在实现时不够灵活的问题,提出一种基于非差误差改正信息的大范围单历元网络差分方法。此方法能够克服双差网络差分模型的缺点,用户不需要选择一个参考站作为主参考站,更不需要主参考站的观测数据进行双差组合,从而减少了数据传输量,作业方式更加自由、灵活,且算法简单、作业范围大。大范围区域内的流动站用户利用非差误差改正数进行误差改正,然后可实现单历元网络差分定位。实验表明,该方法可完成大范围单历元网络差分定位,并能够得到分米级精度的定位结果。     

气象用重力加速度计算方法的研究

发现使用了几十年的《气象常用表》重力计算公式有较大的误差;对ＷＭＯ推荐的气象用重力计算公式进行了讨论,指出公式中对Ｈ’的定义是错误的;实例验证证明用布格修正法获得的重力值可以满足气压观测的准确度要求。最后提出了３点建议。     

DEEP STRUCTURE OF NORTHERN HENAN PROVINCE AND ADJACENT AREAS DERIVED FROM GRAVITY AND SEISMIC SOUNDING DATA IN RELATION TO DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES

We conduct the wave field separation of the gravity field for northern Henan Province and adjacent areas by the wavelet multi-scale decomposition method, and obtain multi-order gravity wavelet details and regional gravity field information. Then the Parker density surface inversion is used to invert the Moho interface. Based on the analysis of wavelet details in different orders and results of three seismic sounding profiles available in this area, we attempt to reveal the deep crustal structure of the study area. Research results show that the crustal structure is dominated by uneven density distribution accompanied by uplifts and depressions in the region with obvious heterogeneities of the density in horizontal and vertical directions. The gravity field characteristics in the middle-upper crust correspond to the surface topography, the lower crust is dominated by the large-scale high-low gravity anomalies, and several major depression basins show the characteristics of low velocity and low density. At the same time, the depth of the Moho interface changes greatly, which forms the block structure pattern of the regional crustal thickness. Among these features, the area with relatively large variations of the Moho is located in the transition zone of the basin to the Taihang Mountains, or exactly the Moho mutation belt. The Moho interface of the basin area as a whole is dominated by the uplift intertwined with local variations, of which the least and largest depths are 31km and 37km, respectively. Due to the gravity isostasy, the crustal thickness is larger(about 41km)in the northwest of the Taihang Mountains, with less average crustal density. In the study area, earthquakes tend to occur around the transition zone with density changes where the Moho is locally convex. The seismogenic mechanism may be associated with upwelling of upper mantle materials, low-velocity and low-density structures in the middle-lower crust and connection of deep large faults. Moreover, the deep large faults play a controlling role in the distribution of regional earthquakes.     

贺兰山—银川地堑及邻区重力异常特征及构造意义

贺兰山—银川地堑及邻区地质结构复杂,对该区域深浅结构特征的研究具有重要意义.本文采用重力归一化总梯度成像和二维小波多尺度分解方法对研究区内重力异常进行了垂向和横向构造分析.重力归一化总梯度成像结果显示高低转换带的倾角、倾向与地质上的贺兰山东麓断裂、银川断裂和黄河断裂分布吻合较好,贺兰山西麓断裂与贺兰山东麓断裂汇交深度约18 km,银川断裂与黄河断裂汇交深度约25 km;二维小波多尺度分解成像结果表明正谊关断裂、贺兰山西麓断裂、芦花台断裂和银川断裂为上地壳断裂,贺兰山东麓断裂、青铜峡—固原断裂以及黄河断裂为下地壳断裂,且这三大断裂可能分别是阿拉善地块东南边界和鄂尔多斯地块西南边界;1739年平罗M 8.0古地震震中与银川断裂在重力剖面深度约15 km汇交,其垂向高低梯度为强变形带,同时古地震震中位于重力正负异常转换部位的低值区,据此可推断此次古地震的发震构造是银川断裂.这些结论可提高对贺兰山—银川地堑及邻区地质结构的认识,为该区地壳动力学过程及强震的孕震机理研究提供一定的科学依据.     

利用重力/GPS联合观测数据计算地壳垂向构造应力的新方法

本文提出一种基于重力/GPS联合观测数据计算垂向构造应力的新方法.计算步骤如下:(1)通过重力/GPS联合观测数据计算布格重力异常;(2)依据布格重力异常数据推算莫霍面深度;(3)依据GPS观测数据,通过均衡理论计算均衡面深度;(4)依据莫霍面与均衡面之间剩余物质(壳幔物质密度差)所承受的附加浮力,计算地壳承载的垂向构造应力.本文利用上述构造应力新算法,计算了巴颜喀拉块体东边界及周边地区垂向构造应力分布,发现龙泉山断裂带以东地区垂向构造应力基本为零,龙泉山断裂带与龙门山断裂带之间地区垂向构造应力为正值,巴颜喀拉地块东部垂向构造应力为负值.鲜水河断裂带东南段周边蓄积了-40~-50 MPa的垂向构造应力,且梯度变化剧烈;松潘高原蓄积的垂向构造应力大约为-10~-20 MPa,相对较小.