月球风暴洋地区玄武岩厚度的重力研究

利用剩余布格重力异常进行月球表层玄武岩厚度的推断,为月球地质填图提供了一定的证据。文中利用美国GRAIL卫星660阶布格重力异常,采用巴特沃斯（Butterworth）滤波方法,参考Grant H. Herken等的研究成果（即对月球面向地球一面的玄武岩厚度研究推断）,以此作为控制条件,提取了风暴洋地区的剩余布格重力异常,参考遥感光谱反映出的玄武岩范围,然后利用边界元方法反复模拟修正,最终得出该区的玄武岩厚度分布,玄武岩的厚度不超过1.5 km。     

维西—贵阳剖面重力异常与地壳密度结构特征

维西—贵阳剖面位于青藏高原东南缘,为青藏高原物质往东南逃逸、东构造结侧向挤压及华南地块北西西向推挤作用的重要地段.利用剖面观测的重力与GPS定位数据,结合区域背景重力场、地质构造及深部地球物理成果,反演研究剖面较为细化的地壳密度结构特征.观测研究表明:剖面布格重力异常总幅差变化达190×10-5 m·s-2,具"斜N"分段变化特征,从西往东呈上升(维西至攀枝花,水平梯变大)—下降(攀枝花至会泽,水平梯变较大)—上升(会泽至贵阳,水平梯变较小)态势;高程与布格重力异常比值的趋势性转折部位为康滇地轴核心和小江断裂带东侧,可能与先存构造或新生构造发育有关;剖面地壳密度结构可分上、中和下三层结构,各层底界面平均埋深分别约20km、35km和51km,金沙江—红河断裂带和鲜水河—小江断裂带为地壳结构相对简单与复杂的过渡带;地壳厚度西深东浅,可能是东构造结的侧向挤压所致;下地壳厚度变化相对较大,可能对地壳增厚起主要作用;华坪—攀枝花附近的Moho面隆起和上地壳高密度体的存在暗示上地幔往上底侵作用,对青藏高原物质向南东逃逸和东构造结的侧向挤压均起到一定阻挡作用;中地壳下伏有限低密度薄层有利于其上物质的南东逃逸和顺时针旋转,有利于其下物质受喜马拉雅东构造结作用下往东向运移.     

长距离单历元非差网络RTK方法

研究长距离网络RTK参考站整周模糊度单历元解算算法和区域误差非差改正数的计算方法,并介绍流动站整周模糊度的单历元解算方法,最后使用实测数据进行算法实验。实验表明,该方法可以利用非差误差改正数实现长距离网络RTK流动站的单历元cm级定位。     

Topography of the Moho and Conrad discontinuities in the Kyushu district,Southwest Japan

The first P-arrival time data from local earthquakes are inverted for two-dimensional variation of the depths to the Conrad and Moho discontinuities in the Kyushu district, southwest Japan. At the same time, earthquake hypocenters and station corrections are determined from the data. The depths to the discontinuities are estimated by minimizing the travel time residuals of first P-arrival phases for 608 earthquakes observed at 57 seismic stations. In the land area of Kyushu, the Conrad and Moho discontinuities are located within the depth ranges of 16–18 and 34–40 km, respectively. The Conrad discontinuity is not as largely undulated as the Moho discontinuity. The depth to the Moho is deep along the east coast of Kyushu, and the deepest Moho is closely related to markedly low velocity of P wave. We regard the deepest Moho as reflecting the Kyushu–Palau ridge subducting beneath the Kyushu district, together with the Philippine Sea slab. In western Kyushu, the shallow Moho is spreading in the north–northeast–south–southwest direction in the Okinawa trough region. Based on the presence of low-velocity anomaly in three-dimensional velocity structure and seismogenic stress field of shallow crustal earthquakes, the shallow Moho is interpreted as being due to lower crustal erosion associated with a small-scale mantle upwelling in the Okinawa trough region. The velocity discontinuity undulation basically has insignificant effect on hypocenter determination of the local earthquakes, but the Moho topography makes changes in focal depths of some upper mantle earthquakes. The depth variation of the Moho discontinuity has a good correlation with the Bouguer gravity anomaly map; i.e., the shallow Moho of western Kyushu and the deep Moho of eastern Kyushu closely correlate with the positive and negative Bouguer gravity anomalies, respectively.     

From Discrete Gravity Survey Data to a High-resolution Gravity Field Representation in the Nordic-Baltic Region

The deduction of a regularly spaced gravity anomaly grid from scattered survey data is studied, addressing mainly two aspects: reduction of gravity to anomalies and subsequent interpolation by various methods. The problem is illustrated in a heterogeneous study area and contrasting test areas including mountains, low terrains, and a marine area. Provided with realistic error estimates, Least Squares Collocation interpolation of Residual Terrain Model anomalies yields the highest quality gravity grid. In most cases, the Bouguer reduction and other interpolation methods tested are equally viable. However, spline-based interpolation should be avoided in marine areas with trackwise survey data.     

Regional Quasi-Geoid Refining Considering Corrections of Terrain and Complete Spherical Bouguer Anomaly＇s Gradient Term

推证顾及地形与完全球面布格异常梯度改正的完全到一阶项的物理大地测量边值问题的严密解式,并在某试验区综合利用地形、重力、GPS／水准等数据进行区域似大地水准面的计算与检验。通过对高程异常计算绝对与相对精度的比较分析,结果表明,完全球面布格异常梯度改正项对高程异常的影响能够达到厘米的量级。因此,提高区域似大地水准面的建模精度,尤其是在地形起伏较大的区域,除需顾及地形改正项影响外,还应考虑完全球面布格异常梯度改正项对高程异常的影响。     

A subsurface criterion for predictive exploration of kimberlites from Bouguer gravity in the eastern Dharwar craton,India

The Archaean-Proterozoic Dharwar craton has many recorded occurrences of diamondiferous kimberlites. Reports of kimberlite emplacement in parts of the tectonically complex eastern Dharwar craton and a significant density contrast between kimberlites and the host peninsular gneisses motivated us to conduct gravity studies in the Narayanpet-Irladinne area of the eastern Dharwar craton. This region is contiguous with the Maddur-Narayanpet kimberlite that lies to its north, while the river Krishna lies to its south. From observed association of reported kimberlites in the Maddur-Narayanpet field with subsurface topography of the assumed three-layer earth section obtained by Bouguer gravity modelling, we developed a subsurface criterion for occurrence of kimberlites in the present study area. Using this criterion, five potential zones for kimberlite localization were identified in the Narayanpet-Irladinne region, eastern Dharwar craton.     

阴山大青山山系特异重力场与深部构造

根据阴山山系及邻近地区的布格重力异常分布特征,提出阴山山系和呼包盆地地区的布格重力异常分布与地形高程呈“同步型”的特异变化特征．通过重力数据资料的处理分析给出阴山山系和呼包盆地地区的地壳底界面都没有明显的下凹与上凸的特征,是阴山山系和呼包盆地布格重力异常呈现特异变化的可能原因。     

Ellipticity corrections for seismic phases

The advent of broad-band seismology has meant that use is being made of a wide range of seismic phases, for many of which ellipticity corrections have not been readily available. In particular, when many seismic phases are used in location schemes, it is important that the systematic effects of ellipticity are included for each phase.
An efficient and effective procedure for constructing ellipticity corrections is to make use of the ray-based approach of Dziewonksi & Gilbert (1976), as reformulated by Doornbos (1988), in conjunction with the rapid evaluation of traveltimes and slownesses for a given range using the tauspline procedure of Buland & Chapman (1983).
Ellipticity coefficients have been tabulated for a wide range of seismic phases and are available in electronic form. The ellipticity correction procedures have been extended to include an allowance for diffraction phenomena, for example P _diff, S _diff diffracted along the core-mantle boundary. Corrections for additional phases can be generated by building the ellipticity coefficients from suitable combinations of the coefficients for different phase segments.     

南北地震带中段深部构造与地震

南北地震带中段位于中国大腹部，是青藏块体、华北块体和扬子块体的中间枢纽部位。根据该区布格重力异常图，采用Ｐａｒｋｅｒ’ｓ三维位场方法进行莫氏面反演并计算该区不同窗口的剩余场推断和解释了条岩石圈断裂，进而研究它们与地震的关系。