利用单基准站改正信息和电离层参数估计的单频PPP算法

利用单个基准站提供的改正信息对流动站的单频观测值数据进行改正,同时引入电离层参数进行实时电离层延迟估计,进行单频精密单点定位（PPP）计算。相比传统的单频PPP方法,本文方法对单频PPP的收敛速度和定位精度都有很大的提高,定位精度优于2cm,且受基准站距离的影响较小。     

利用地震层析成像数据修正中国西北地区莫霍界面深度

考虑到地壳和上地幔密度异常对地表重力的影响,本文提出了修正单纯利用重力资料 反演地壳厚度的算法．该算法利用地震层析成像结果推算出地壳和上地幔密度异常分布,然 后计算由此分布引起的地表重力异常,再从观测布格重力异常中扣除上述密度异常引起的重 力效应,最后在地壳均衡假设的基础上顾及到对反演参考深度的修正,直接反演区域地壳厚 度．本文利用胥颐等地震层析成像的数据,修正了中国西北地区莫霍界面的深度．结果表明, 该区域地壳和上地幔密度异常引起的地表重力异常值为——60times;1O-5m／s2～30times;10-5m／s2． 与直接使用布格重力异常反演地壳厚度相比较,该密度异常对该区域莫霍界面将产生约6 km 的修正．本方法使得利用重力数据反演地壳厚度在理论上更为完备,实际应用中也比较可 行,为更进一步逼近莫霍界面的真实形态提供了一种途径．      

球近似地形改正的研究分析

本文视大地水准面为球面,以计算点向径为半径,将地形分为布格球壳和球面粗糙地形,分别给出球坐标下对地面重力值的地形改正公式,并与局部地形和布格板对重力改正的计算值进行比较。结果表明,球近似粗糙地形改正与局部地形改正之间存在差异,平坦地区差异较小,在地形高超过1 000 m的山区,差异在05 mGal以上。球近似粗糙地形影响计算,易于扩展积分范围,比局部地形改正更能体现精细信息,并符合地球实际形状。布格球壳和布格板改正计算值趋势相近,幅度存在明显差异。     

DEXP反演方法在寻找钾盐中的应用

为验证DEXP反演方法在寻找钾盐中的效果,先从DEXP反演方法的原理着手,然后将其应用于某地区实测布格重力异常数据的处理中,确定钾盐矿的埋藏深度,取得了非常好的效果.结果表明,在矿产勘查中应用DEXP反演方法确定场源埋藏深度是可行有效的.     

Gravitational effect of distant Earth relief within the territory of former Czechoslovakia

We analyzed the gravitational effect of topography and bathymetry beyond the angular distance of approximately 1.5 degrees (referred to as the distant relief effect or DRE), and its impact on measured gravity values in the region of the former Czechoslovakia. Our work was strongly motivated by the contents of the pioneering contribution of outstanding Czech geophysicists Miloš Pick, Jan Pícha and Vincenc Vyskočil, which appeared at the turn of the 1950’s and 1960’s. Our numerical calculations were based upon the direct evaluation of the gravitational effects of compartments of a spherical layer, while the respective heights and depths were obtained from the 2 × 2 minutes digital elevation model (DEM) ETOPO2, taking into consideration also the influence of distant bathymetry. Our results are in close agreement with, but not identical to, those of the above cited authors. We also analyzed the influence of the grid cell size of the involved DEM upon the calculation results. We introduced an approximation of the analyzed effect, based on a simple linear relationship between the calculation point height, the DRE and its vertical gradient (VGDRE). Since when calculated at zero elevation the involved quantities DRE and VGDRE are smooth functions of latitude and longitude and can be easily interpolated, the approximation gives acceptable results in terms of desired accuracy of several μGal (1 μGal = 10⁻⁸ m/s²). In general, we can state that within the territories of the Czech and Slovak Republics the studied distant relief effect has negligible impact upon local gravity survey data. However, when applied to regional gravity studies, there could be a question of its possible influence in the form of a quasilinear W-E trend ranging approximately from −106.6 to −102.5 mGal within the territory of former Czechoslovakia. If we wanted to correct for this phenomenon, we should subtract this negative quantity from the standard Bouguer anomalies as they have been defined in the recent geophysical literature, thereby considerably increasing their values. But, instead of straightforward correcting the Bouguer anomalies for DRE only, we would rather recommend to wait until after the crustal and even lithospheric effects have been studied more carefully based upon the present day independent knowledge about the deep seated sources of those effects.     

福建中部和东南沿海地壳内部密度变化分布特征的研究

利用福建中部和东南沿海地区的重力布格异常资料,通过地震与重力３维联合反演所分离的不同层面间的重力异常信息,采用基于单层位理论和球近似条件下的简便公式,解算并分析研究不同壳层间的密度变化分布图像及其特征,结果表明：不同圈层的密度分布特征与地表地质构造密切相关。     

基于人工地震资料的珠江口地区最小一维P波速度模型

珠江口地区位于南海北部大陆的边缘,具有洋陆过渡型地壳特征,且NE向滨海断裂带从其中穿过,强震风险不可忽视.文中基于2015年珠江口海陆联合三维人工地震探测数据,人工进行初至P波震相拾取,并使用VELEST程序分别反演了陆域和海域的最小一维P波速度模型(走时残差均方根最小)和台站校正结果.台站校正结果的空间分布与区域地形...     

基于GPS非差观测值进行精密单点定位研究

介绍了精密单点定位所用的数学模型及解算方案，着重分析了基于GPS非差双频观测值进行精密单点定位的误差模型、数据质量控制方法、卫星钟差的估算和内插、数据和解的一致性及精密单点定位能达到的精度等问题，并和双差结果作了比较。结果表明，利用精密星历及卫星钟改正参数的精密单点定位可达到cm级精度。     

风电场风速数值预报的动态修订方法的探讨

针对风电场风功率预测所需的定点、逐时风速预报,对利用中央气象台发布的MM5格点输出的数值预报风速插值到福建沿海某个风电场测风塔高度的预报结果进行误差分析,发现由于海陆交界的特殊下垫面等原因,存在一定的系统误差;根据误差的后延相关性和测风塔实时发回的气象资料,探讨了利用前期误差观测值和测风塔湍流指标对MM5数值预报风速进行动态修订的方法,建立了订正值方程,结果表明,订正后的预报风速平均绝对误差降低31%~54%,有效提高了预报精度。     

大气下行长波辐射参数化模型的比较

利用甘肃黑河流域不同下垫面的近地面气象和辐射观测数据,对已有的12个晴天大气下行长波辐射参数化模型和8个云天模型进行比较.指出晴天情况下Idso模型和Dilley & Obrien模型最适用,但后者一定要进行系数校正,云天情况下Maykut模型误差最小.经过平均日变化分析表明,晴天模型能较好地抓住大气下行长波辐射的日变...