DEM地形描述误差(Et)计算模型研究

论文依据DEM地形描述误差（简称Et）的产生机理,在分析现有Et计算模型的基础上,研究建立了顾及DEM格网布设位置的新型Et计算模型,同时以1:5万黄土丘陵地形为例,采用对比分析法揭示了DEM高程插值模型对Et计算结果准确性的影响。实验测试表明：（1）模型能有效地解算出Et的标准差、平均值、最大值、最小值等指标,准确展示出Et的空间分布特征,有助于实现DEM地形描述质量与应用不确定性的分区评价;（2）与双线性、三次卷积、局部二次多项式等常用DEM插值模型相比,以4×4 DEM格网单元为搜索圆的完全规则样条函数插值模型所重构的DEM地表形态,能更为理想地反映Et的量值大小和空间分布。     

基于双胞元的颗粒材料应力-应变关系研究

基于细观力学,建立颗粒材料的宏观应力-应变与接触力、接触位移、枝矢量等细观量之间的关系。用改进的Voronoi-Delaunay法对颗粒材料进行几何和物理上划分,得到改进Bagi双胞元体系;以固体胞元为基础,运用牛顿第二定律和Gauss定理提出含有旋转矢量和重力的颗粒材料平均等效应力,避免了颗粒材料的准静态假设;在孔隙胞元区域内利用变形协调条件推导出含有孔隙面矢量等几何变量的颗粒材料平均等效应变。结合文献的二维颗粒材料宏观试验结果验证了双胞元平均等效应力-应变的正确性;在三维情形下,对比双胞元等效应变和最优拟合应变结果,同样验证了基于双胞元的颗粒材料应力-应变关系,因此,该颗粒材料应力-应变关系可以为数值模拟颗粒材料力学行为提供依据。     

Establishment and characterization of a new cell line from the kidney of spotted halibut <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verasper variegates</Emphasis>

A cell line,SHK,was derived from the kidney of spotted halibut Verasper variegates.The cell line was subcultured more than 40 passages in minimum essential medium(MEM)supplemented with fetal bovine serum(FBS)and 10 ng ml-1 basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF).Cell morphology from primary culture and subculture was observed continuously by microscopy.The SHK cell line consisted predominantly of fibroblast-like cells.The cell line was able to grow between 20℃ and 30℃ with the optimum growth at 24℃ and with a reduced growth between 12℃ and 20℃.The growth rate of the cells increased as the proportion of FBS increased from 10% to 20% at 28℃ with optimum growth at the concentration of 20%.The doubling time of the cells was determined to be 44.8 h.Chromosome analysis revealed that 52% of the SHK cells maintained a normal diploid chromosome number (2n=46).The cells were successfully transfected with green fluorescent protein(GFP)reporter plasmids and the expression of GFP gene in the cells indicated the possible utility of the cells in gene expression studies.The cells were infected by lymphosystis disease virus(LCDV)and found to be susceptible to the virus in cytopathic effect(CPE)observation.The infection was confirmed by PCR and electron microscopy experiments,which proved the existence of the viral particles in the cytoplasm of the virus-infected cells.     

柔性板桩板墙加固斜坡填方地基的土压力分配问题研究

通过对桩板墙挡土板的受力变形特征分析,指出桩间采用柔性挡土板时,作用于挡土板上的土压力相对较小。在对比分析拟化简仓法与卸荷拱法的基础上,针对当前挡土板土压力计算中存在的问题,对柔性板桩板墙加固斜坡填方地基展开试验研究,并重点研究桩前、桩后施工挡土板时墙后土压力的分布规律。通过对布置在挡土板上的位移计及预埋的土压力计进行监测,结果表明,挡土板布置在桩前时其挠曲变形及承受的土压力值较小,且桩间土拱效应更易得到发挥。挡土板上土压力自上而下多呈抛物线型分布,而作用于桩背侧的土压力分布相对复杂。通过对桩后布置挡土板的土压力分布规律进行为期21 d的监测,研究了土压力变化的时间效应。     

幕上及幕下脑室内中枢神经细胞瘤CT及MRI影像学表现

目的:研究幕上及幕下脑室内中枢神经细胞瘤的CT及MRI影像学表现。方法:选取2010年8月至2015年6月期间我院收治的39例中枢神经细胞瘤患者,使用GE Highspeed CT/i,对所有患者进行CT平扫;使用GE signa Twinspeed 1.5 T超导磁共振扫描仪,对所有患者进行MRI平扫,观察39例中枢神经细胞瘤患者幕上及幕下脑室中肿瘤的具体位置、大小、形态,对比CT检查的表现与MRI检查的表现。结果:在39例中枢神经细胞瘤患者中,13例位于右侧侧脑室,9例位于左侧侧脑室,11例患者的双侧侧脑室皆有肿瘤,另外6例患者的双侧侧脑室及三脑室皆有肿瘤;39例患者的肿瘤平均大小为52 mm;36例呈不规则分叶状,3例肿瘤边界模糊;部分肿瘤存在不同程度的钙化现象。结论:中枢神经细胞瘤的影像学表现的部位及特征性较为典型,通过CT扫描以及MRI扫描,均能有效地检出中枢神经细胞瘤,而MRI影像学检查,能够有效地提高对中枢神经细胞瘤的诊断准确率,检查结果优于CT检查。     

Non-destructive monitoring of trace element levels in short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria albatrus) and black-footed albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes) from Torishima Island, Japan using eggs and blood

Concentrations of 18 trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl and Pb) were determined in abandoned eggs of short-tailed albatrosses and abandoned eggs and blood of black-footed albatrosses from Torishima Island, Japan in 2002. Mercury concentration was highest among the toxic elements in egg content of both the two species. In some egg contents of black-footed albatrosses, Hg concentrations were higher than the threshold level that may cause decreased hatchability and aberrant nesting behavior in some avian species. Concentrations of Cd in egg content and Ba in egg content and shell increased with an increase in egg breadth/length ratio, whereas Hg in egg content showed an opposite trend in black-footed albatrosses. Since egg breadth/length ratio is known to increase with the age of mother bird, this result may imply that concentrations of these elements in eggs vary with age of mother bird. In blood of black-footed albatross chicks, concentration of Hg was highest among the toxic elements and the Hg concentration showed an increase in the later growth stages. In contrast, concentration of Sr in blood decreased with growth stage. Since the behaviour of Sr is similar to that of Ca in animals, it is conceivable that Sr was used along with Ca for the formation of bone.     

Histological study on the skin of Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>

Histological development of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larval skin and ultrastructural difference of skin between reared normal and malpigmented Japanese flounder were studied with light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the skin develops slowly before the metamorphosis, while at the onset of metamorphosis, the skin develops quickly and becomes complete in structure till about 50d after being hatched. Ultrastructural observation on the normal and malpigmented skins shows that the iridophore and melanophore are adjacent to each other. Profile and structure of the two kinds of pigmcnt cells are more complete in the skin of normal ocular side than in the skin of pigmented blind side. The ultrastructure of typical chloride cell was observed in the skin of Japanese flounder larvae for the first time.     

骨巨细胞瘤的影像学诊断

目的：探讨骨巨细胞瘤的影像学表现。资料与方法：对50例各种类型的骨巨细胞瘤的影像学表现进行了分析结果：骨巨细瘤的基本影像表现为：骨端偏心性膨胀骨质破坏,骨皮质薄而完整,骨嵴纤细呈网络状,无骨膜反应,溶骨型者,骨皮质中断,骨嵴减少或消失肿瘤边缘较模糊;恶变者,破坏区的骨干侧出现虫蚀状或筛孔样骨质破坏,有骨膜三角和生长迅速的软组织肿块。结论：骨巨细胞瘤的X线表现具有一定的特征。CT能显示骨巨细胞瘤的内部结构,腰骶部骨巨细胞瘤可显示突向盆腔和腹腔内的软组织块影。     

物元分析法用于环境单元质量评价和排序

在确立了大气环境质量标准物元矩阵基础上，对物元分析法在大气环境单元质量评价和排序中的应用进行了探索。实例分析表明物元分析法用于环境单元质量评价和排序是有效的     

Morphological and functional studies on the epidermal cells of amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense) at different developmental stages

Epidermal cells of amphioxus at different developmental stages were investigated by electron microscopy and colloidal carbon tracing experiments. Amphioxus epidermal cells showed different ultrastructural characteristics at larval and adult stages. The epidermal cells at all larval stages studied (24–96 h) had numerous vesicles containing electron dense materials in their apical cytoplasm. In tracing experiments, carbon particles were found in apical vesicles and interoellular spaces. Under scanning electron microscope, many crater-like protrusions were observed on the surface of the cells. These results indicated that amphioxus larval epidermal cells may be capable of endocytosis. The epidermal cells of 3-month and adult amphioxus were obviously secretory ones characterized by well-developed peripheral filaments, a prominent Golgi apparatus and abundant apical secretory vesicles. This study also showed that adult amphioxus body surface mucus contained lectin that could agglutinate human red blood cells. The authors propose that the epidermal cells of amphioxus larva and adult may contribute to the immune defense of the amimal by different means. Project 3860811 supported by NSFC and study also supported by the Shandong Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 92D1144).