保山盆地湖相泥岩微量元素分布与古盐度定量评价

于1994—1995年间,在云南保山盆地第三系地层采集泥岩样品,用中子活化分析方法和化学分析方法测定了泥岩的微量元素和氧化物含量;用X－射线衍射（XRD）分析和扫描电镜（SEM）分析方法测试了泥岩的粘土矿物成分和含量;应用科奇和亚当斯理论计算了湖盆古盐度。结果表明,该湖盆羊四段盐度最高达15.70,羊三段盐度为12．79,羊一段盐度为13．35,南林组盐度为13．26。随着沉积介质盐度的增大,微量元素硼（B）、相当硼含量逐渐增大,Sr／Ba,B／Ga比值也逐渐增加,它们之间呈线性正相关关系。     

Magmatism and metallogenic mechanisms of the Baoshan Cu-polymetallic deposit from the Lesser Xing’an Range,NE China: Constraints from geology,geochronology, geochemistry,and Hf isotopes

The Baoshan Cu-polymetallic deposit is a recently discovered skarn deposit in the northern Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China. The orebodies are mainly hosted in the contact zone between granitic intrusions and Lower Cambrian dolomitic crystalline limestones or skarns. We present here zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os age data, whole-rock geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotopic data to constrain the geodynamic mechanisms of igneous activity and metallogenesis within the Baoshan Cu–polymetallic deposit. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating suggests that a hornblende–quartz monzonite and porphyritic biotite granite were emplaced at 252.45 ± 0.70 Ma and 251.10 ± 0.98 Ma, respectively. Molybdenite separated from ore-bearing quartz veins or skarn-type ores yields a weighted mean model age of 250.3 ± 3.4 Ma, which coincide with the emplacement of the igneous rocks. These data suggest that the Late Permian-Early Triassic magmatic and mineralization event led to the formation of the Baoshan Cu–polymetallic deposit. Granitic intrusions are closely associated with this mineralization and have high contents of SiO₂ (60.90–68.98 wt.%), Al₂O₃ (15.15–16.98 wt.%) and K₂O (2.77–4.17 wt.%), with A/CNK ratios of 0.86–0.96. These granites are classified as metaluminous and high-K calc-alkaline I-type granites, and are enriched in Rb, Th, U, and K, and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. Moreover, Moreover, the hornblende–quartz monzonite and porphyritic biotite granite have geochemical characteristics similar to adakites and island arc calc-alkaline rocks, respectively. In situ zircon Hf isotope data on the hornblende–quartz monzonite samples show ε_Hf(t) values from +0.1 to +3.1, and porphyritic biotite granite samples exhibit heterogeneous ε_Hf(t) values from −5.4 to +1.1. The geochemical and isotopic data for the Baoshan intrusions indicate that the Late Permian–Early Triassic continental–continental collision caused over thickening and delamination of the lower crust. Partial melting of delaminated lower crust formed the primary adakitic magmas, which may have reacted with surrounding mantle peridotite during ascent. Hornblende–quartz monzonite was formed by the emplacement of the adakitic magmas, whereas the formation of the porphyritic biotite granite was caused by the mixing of adakitic magmas with ancient crustal materials during ascent. Moreover, ore-forming materials were typically derived from the adakitic magmas with high oxygen fugacity, which incorporated significant amounts of ore-forming elements. Based on the regional geological history and the new geochemical and isotopic data from intrusions, we suggest that diagenesis and mineralization of the Baoshan Cu–polymetallic deposit took place in a transitional tectonic setting from collisional orogeny to extension, after collision of the North China Plate and Songnen Block, during the latter stages of the Xingmeng orogeny.     

外出务工对山区农民适应旱灾能力的影响——云南保山的案例

基于在云南省西部保山地区开展的入户问卷调查和关键信息人访谈,探讨在发生旱灾,大量农民外出务工以弥补旱灾给家庭和农业生产带来的损失这一特定背景下,对比外出务工农户和非外出务工农户在收入来源、应对旱灾措施和家庭收入分配上的差异,分析外出务工对农民适应气候变化能力带来的影响。结果表明：外出务工收入给留守家庭的气候变化适应能力带来了积极的影响;另外一方面,大量青壮年劳动力的外出让经济结构仍然以农业为主的村庄出现劳动力缺乏、农业发展后续动力不足等潜在问题。建议在未来针对外出务工人口开展的职业培训中增加诸如家庭财务管理、气候变化等相关内容来加强农村地区和农民的气候变化适应能力,建议政府推广气候智能农业,采取本地化/本土化的适应措施。     

湖南宝山多金属矿田构造控矿特征

宝山多金属矿田由四个大型矿床组成。主要控矿条件包括地层、构造和岩浆岩。矿床的空间分布范围、规模与构造有关。褶皱与断裂的组合构造体系控制了矿床的空间定位，构造型式及其构造作用方式控制了矿体的产状与形态。     

保山打厂凹多金属矿成矿规律及靶区优选

矿区严格受背斜倾没端构造破碎带控制。多金属矿床垂向分带明显从上至下金、铅、锌、铜铁规律分布,且经物化验证。     

广西苍梧宝山铜多金属矿床花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

广西苍梧县宝山矿床位于大瑶山隆起区的东南部,是一个与石英斑岩有关的铜多金属矿床。本文对该矿区内花岗闪长岩、细粒花岗岩和石英斑岩进行了单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得了3件花岗闪长岩的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄分别为433.7±1.2 Ma、435.0±1.2 Ma和449.7±2.3 Ma;1件细粒花岗岩的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为100.4±0.5 Ma,2件石英斑岩样品的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄分别为95.4±0.7 Ma和92.5±0.5 Ma。本文认为,宝山矿区存在晚奥陶世、早志留世、早白垩世晚期和晚白垩世早期等多期岩浆活动,与成矿有关的石英斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄揭示宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床形成于晚白垩世早期。这些高精度花岗岩锆石U-Pb测年数据为进一步深入研究大瑶山地区的岩浆活动及其成矿作用提供了重要的年代学依据。     

云南保山盆地的形成与演化

盆地中识别出三个不整合面,即Ｔｇ、Ｔ３和Ｔ０。其拉张史可分为两大阶段：（１）Ｔｇ→Ｔ３,拉张强度渐增期;（２）Ｔ３→现今,拉张强度渐弱期。保山盆地的演化阶段为：（１）盆地初始形成期（Ｔｇ→Ｔ５）;（２）盆地扩张定型期（Ｔ５→Ｔ１）;（３）盆地萎缩充填期（Ｔ１→现今）。     

湘南宝山铅锌矿床硫、铅、碳、氧同位素特征及成矿物质来源

宝山铅锌矿床是湘南地区代表性矿床之一。宝山铅锌矿床的成矿作用与156~158 Ma的宝山花岗闪长斑岩密切相关。花岗闪长斑岩主要由古老地壳部分熔融而成。为确定成矿物质来源,文章系统研究了宝山铅锌矿床的硫、铅、碳、氧同位素组成特征。矿床中硫化物黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿的δ34S值呈狭窄的塔式分布,变化在-2.17‰~6.46‰之间,平均值为3.13‰。δ34S值总体表现为δ34S黄铁矿δ34S闪锌矿δ34S方铅矿,表明硫同位素分馏基本达到了平衡。矿石、花岗闪长斑岩和赋矿地层硫同位素对比研究表明,矿石中的硫主要由岩浆分异演化而来,岩浆中的硫主要来自古老地壳。矿石206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.188~18.844、15.661~15.843和38.562~39.912,赋矿地层206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.268~19.166、15.620~5.721和38.364~39.952。矿石铅同位素组成比地层中的更富放射性成因铅,矿石中部分铅来自宝山花岗闪长质岩浆,在成矿流体运移过程中有部分地层铅参与了成矿,岩浆中的铅主要来自古老地壳。热液方解石的碳、氧同位素组成介于岩浆和赋矿碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素之间,主要是由于岩浆流体和碳酸盐岩不同比例的水岩反应所致,测水组有机碳的加入造成了部分热液方解石δ13CPDB值偏低。     

云南喜山期断陷盆地特征与油气勘探方向——以保山盆地和曲靖盆地为例

在喜山期构造运动影响下,云南地区形成众多断陷盆地和拉分盆地。保山盆地和曲靖盆地是已经取得油气勘探突破的两个断陷盆地。两个盆地形态相似,均为受控盆断裂拉张、坳陷形成的一侧陡坡、一侧缓坡的箕状盆地。盆地演化均经历了拉张期、断陷期、坳陷期和抬升消亡期4个阶段。曲靖盆地受喜山运动二幕影响,缺失中新统地层沉积。烃源岩主要由盆地断陷和坳陷期半深湖-深湖相暗色泥岩和沼泽平原相煤系地层组成,有机碳含量1%~2%,有机质成熟度低。储层主要由盆地陡坡带冲洪积砂砾岩、三角洲前缘砂岩和三角洲平原水下分支河道砂体组成,具有高孔隙度低渗透率特点。鉴于断陷盆地烃源岩和储集层分布规律,在油气勘探过程中除了寻找有利的构造气藏外,应注重生烃坳陷内寻找有利的岩性气藏,有利相带为靠近陡坡带的冲洪积相和缓坡带的三角洲前缘相。     

滇西保山地区晚寒武世火山岩的发现及其构造意义

滇西保山地区上岩箐—白岩凹林场一带的晚寒武世火山岩虽不甚发育,但分布广泛。早期为拉斑玄武岩、碱性玄武岩,晚期为钙碱性玄武岩。岩石地球化学特征表明,早期火山岩形成于伸展环境,晚期火山岩为消减作用产物。保山地体构造背景在晚寒武世由伸展环境向挤压环境转换,并形成寒武系与奥陶系之间的不整合,为东冈瓦纳大陆北缘由被动大陆边缘向主动大陆边缘转换提供了岩石学证据。