克拉玛依砾岩油藏基本特征及开发效益水平评估

由于储集层岩石结构和孔隙结构的特殊性，使得其在开发上不同于一般碎屑岩油藏，特别是砾岩储集层的普遍严重非均质性，给油田(藏)开发带来极大的难度．在系统总结国内外主要砾岩油藏基本特征和开发历程的基础上，对克拉玛依砾岩油藏开发效益进行了评估．指出克拉玛依砾岩油藏在开发中所应用的技术并不比国外差，但经济效益与国外同类油藏相比明显偏低，这主要与克拉玛依砾岩油藏的油层厚度小、储量少、原油粘度高、天然驱动能量低和由其决定的单井产量低等因素造成．     

闽西南"丁屋岭砾岩"地质特征及时代探讨

福建长汀蔡坑地区原划震旦纪丁屋岭组下段的“丁屋岭砾岩”以复成分砾岩、岩屑石英砂岩为主要岩性的、形成于山间盆地的红色杂陆屑建造为加里东期的磨拉石建造，岩性组合、岩相、变质程度及其形成的地质背景都比较特殊。对它的详细研究对福建省乃至华南地区的基础地质研究具有重要意义。     

A Study on Identification of Conglomerate Reservoir Parameters and Oil/Water Beds in Ke82 Well Areas of Junggar Basin

This paper is mainly about the calculation of reservoir parameters and the interpretation method for identifying oil/water beds in Ke82 well areas of Junggar basin. It is difficult to determine the reservoir parameters with common logging methods such as core calibration log because of the diversity of minerals and rocks and the complexity of pore structures in the conglomerate reservoir of Junggar basin. Optimization logging exploration is a good method to determine the porosity by establishing the multi-mineral model with logging curves based on the integration of geological, core and well testing data. Permeability is identified by BP algorithm of neural network. Hydrocarbon saturation is determined by correlating Archie‘s and Simandoux formulas. Comparing the exploratory result and core data, we can see that these methods are effective for conglomerate logging exploration. We processed and explained six wells in the Ke82 well areas. And actual interpretation has had very good results, 85 % of which conform to well testing data. Therefore, this technique will be effective for identifying conglomerate parameters.     

构造地貌－认识高原历史的钥匙

简要评述了构造地貌的研究,并以青藏高原西北缘克里雅河流域地貌演化说明了构造变形与青藏高原的形成历史。以西域砾岩顶部的玄武岩作为区域构造地貌的标志,获得的高质量Ar-Ar年龄的加权平均值为1.09 Ma ±0.13Ma。该年龄不仅代表了西域砾岩沉积结束的时间,并制约了区域风沙堆积时代的下限,是一个重要的气候环境变化的转折点。更重要的是,该年龄标志了克里雅河演化的开始,即目前可观察的克里雅河的历史不过1.1Ma。另外获得的系统、丰富、翔实的沉积学、构造地质学、低温热年代数据和克里雅河流域地貌的测量结果还揭示了上新世晚期以来区域强烈的变形与构造地貌的演化。获得的重要结论还包括：能够分析恢复的前克里雅河的历史不超过西域砾岩沉积期,能够推测的青藏高原西北缘河流体系演化的最老历史不超过上新世阿图什组沉积期。在中新世乌恰组沉积时,基本观察不到青藏高原现今地貌体系产生的沉积作用的记录,而是更老的前青藏高原构造地貌格架对沉积体系产生的影响。青藏高原的主体可能在中更新世早期前后才抬升进入冰冻圈。现今的克里雅河地貌主要是在区域构造抬升中由冰川融水侵蚀形成的。克里雅河源头可能残留了青藏高原演化的关键记录。     

金沙江某电站钙质砂(砾)岩溶蚀对岩体质量的控制作用

拟建电站位于金沙江上。其坝址区区域地质构造复杂,分布侏罗系中统河湖相沉积的厚层砂(砾)岩。其下部钙质砂(砾)岩在地下水作用下产生溶蚀现象。这些溶蚀岩体的发育使得岩体强度降低,影响坝基的抗滑稳定和压缩变形。论文在坝址区工程地质条件评价及岩体质量分级的基础上,利用岩体弹性波速的变化,深入研究了钙质砂(砾)岩溶蚀对岩体质量的控制作用,提出初步的岩体质量分级修正标准,得到坝区的岩体质量分级体系。其结果可直接为工程岩体稳定性评价提供基础依据。     

Sedimentology and stratigraphy of a transgressive, muddy gravel beach: Waterside Beach, Bay of Fundy, Canada

Sediments exposed at low tide on the transgressive, hypertidal (>6 m tidal range) Waterside Beach, New Brunswick, Canada permit the scrutiny of sedimentary structures and textures that develop at water depths equivalent to the upper and lower shoreface. Waterside Beach sediments are grouped into eleven sedimentologically distinct deposits that represent three depositional environments: (1) sandy foreshore and shoreface; (2) tidal‐creek braid‐plain and delta; and, (3) wave‐formed gravel and sand bars, and associated deposits. The sandy foreshore and shoreface depositional environment encompasses the backshore; moderately dipping beachface; and a shallowly seaward‐dipping terrace of sandy middle and lower intertidal, and muddy sub‐tidal sediments. Intertidal sediments reworked and deposited by tidal creeks comprise the tidal‐creek braid plain and delta. Wave‐formed sand and gravel bars and associated deposits include: sediment sourced from low‐amplitude, unstable sand bars; gravel deposited from large (up to 5·5 m high, 800 m long), landward‐migrating gravel bars; and zones of mud deposition developed on the landward side of the gravel bars. The relationship between the gravel bars and mud deposits, and between mud‐laden sea water and beach gravels provides mechanisms for the deposition of mud beds, and muddy clast‐ and matrix‐supported conglomerates in ancient conglomeratic successions. Idealized sections are presented as analogues for ancient conglomerates deposited in transgressive systems. Where tidal creeks do not influence sedimentation on the beach, the preserved sequence consists of a gravel lag overlain by increasingly finer‐grained shoreface sediments. Conversely, where tidal creeks debouch onto the beach, erosion of the underlying salt marsh results in deposition of a thicker, more complex beach succession. The thickness of this package is controlled by tidal range, sedimentation rate, and rate of transgression. The tidal‐creek influenced succession comprises repeated sequences of: a thin mud bed overlain by muddy conglomerate, sandy conglomerate, a coarse lag, and capped by trough cross‐bedded sand and gravel.     

新疆库木库里盆地砂(砾)岩型铜矿地质特征及其控矿条件分析

新疆库木库里盆地砂(砾)岩型铜矿位于东昆仑造山带西段，含矿地层为古近系渐新统石马沟组、新近系中新统石壁梁组与上新统红石梁组。铜矿带东西长约170km，南北宽10～60km。已发现铜矿体20多条，矿化体70多条。铜矿化主要受构造、岩性、岩相古地理、古气候等因素控制。矿床属陆相砂砾岩型铜矿。     

内蒙古大青山煤田晚古生代砾岩的沉积特征

大青山煤田晚古生代地层中有 1 4层沉积砾岩。其中,晚石炭世地层中赋存 8层,二叠世 6层。通过对这些砾岩层的野外测量、室内岩矿鉴定等综合分析研究,查明晚石炭世的砾岩几乎全是稳定的单成分砾岩,石英砂岩和燧石质砾石的含量高达 93 %以上,砾石最大扁平面均向南倾,倾角在 5° - 1 0°之间,与砾岩伴生的粗粒石英砂岩发育大型低角度双向交错层理,萨胡环境判别参数等特征表明晚石炭世砾岩为滨海环境下的产物。二叠世的砾岩则主要是复杂成分的砾岩,尤其是早二叠世晚期及晚二叠世初期形成的 2层砾岩中砾石种类达 1 5种,以中酸性火山岩和火山碎屑岩砾石为主,并含较多量的变质岩和中酸性侵入岩砾石,砾岩层各种特征表明二叠世砾岩为河流相产物。大青山煤田晚古生代沉积砾岩的形成与北部造山带的隆升密切相关,它们是前陆盆地的沉积产物。     

松辽盆地东南隆起区营城组一段熔浆胶结复成分砾岩特征及其成因分析

对野外剖面实际测量及室内薄片鉴定等资料研究表明,松辽盆地营城组一段复成分砾岩共有4种胶结成岩类型：熔浆胶结、灰泥球胶结、凝灰质胶结和砂泥质胶结。其中以熔浆胶结发育最为广泛。砾岩中砾石成分复杂,以基底花岗岩及二叠系变质岩为主,原地火山岩次之。砾石整体分选性差,磨圆度中等-好,以次圆状-次棱角状最为发育。自基底向火山活动中心,砾岩中外来砾石逐渐减少,原地火山岩砾石逐渐增多。基质成分由底部的砂泥质向上过渡为凝灰质并最终完全过渡到熔浆质胶结。砾岩是冲积扇或辫状河等沉积环境下已经堆积但未固结或半固结的砂砾质沉积物,在火山活动期被火山碎屑流或熔浆流再搬运,这种碎屑流、熔浆流和水介质构成的多相混合物通过岩浆冷凝和压实复合成岩作用而形成的岩石,实质是爆发相热碎屑流亚相的另一种表现形式。由于该类砾岩主要见于断陷盆地边缘火山岩序列下部靠近基底一侧,说明其形成与构造-岩浆活动密切相关,是火山旋回早期所特有的产物。