7.5~7.0 cal.ka B.P.气候事件在中国地区的表现及其动力机制

识别全新世气候事件、阐明其区域环境表现特征、揭示其驱动机制是理解气候系统变化行为、预测未来气候变化以及弄清考古学文化转变动因的关键,具有重要的科学价值和现实意义。随着高分辨率全新世古气候重建的进展,7.5~7.0 cal.ka B. P.事件逐渐被揭示,但到目前为止仍缺乏针对该气候事件各种类型证据的系统收集、对比以及对其产生动力机制的分析。本文基于中国26条古气候记录,系统总结了这一气候事件在中国地区的环境表现。结果显示,7.5~7.0 cal.ka B. P.气候事件在中国多个地区都有明显的反映,整体表现为温度下降、夏季风强度减弱。与全球其他地区的古气候记录对比显示7.5~7.0 cal.ka B. P.气候事件可能具有全球性的特征。与驱动因子系列对比发现该气候事件发生在北半球夏季太阳辐射逐渐减少、太阳活动减弱、火山活动频发、劳伦泰德冰盖快速融化期间,表明这4种因素在7.5~7.0 cal.ka B. P.气候事件发生过程中发挥了作用。未来需要更多测年准确、分辨率高的古气候记录定量-半定量刻画该气候事件的变化幅度、起止时间以及区域差异,同时结合古气候模拟揭示7.5~7.0 cal.ka B. P.气候事件产生的动力机制。

     

Inter-Comparison of Numerical Model Generated Surface Winds with QuikSCAT Winds over the Indian Ocean

The accurate surface wind in the equatorial Indian Ocean is crucial for modeling ocean circulation over this region. In this study, the surface wind analysis generated at the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) are compared with NASA QuikSCAT satellite derived Level2B (swath level) and Level3 (gridded) surface winds for the year 2005. It is observed that the ECMWF winds exhibit speed bias of 1.5 m/s with respect to QuikSCAT Level3 in the southern equatorial Indian Ocean. The NCEP winds are found to exhibit speed bias (1.0–1.5 m/s) in the southern equatorial Indian Ocean specifically during January–February 2005. The biases are also observed in the analysis when compared with Level2B product as well; however, it is less in comparison to Level3 products. The amplitude of daily variations of both ECMWF and NCEP wind speed in Bay of Bengal and parts of the Arabian Sea is about 80% of that in QuikSCAT, while in the equatorial Indian Ocean it is about 60% of that of QuikSCAT.     

Baja California 边缘PC14 岩芯海水表层温度及生产力变化的百年尺度记录

加利福尼亚流是北太平洋环流的重要组成部分,它的变化对全球气候及碳循环有重要影响.对位于东北太平洋低纬区BajaCalifornia外海的PC14柱状样进行了有机地球化学分析,重建了过去14ka来这一地区百年尺度的海水表面温度及生产力变化,发现其存在明显的B/A(Bling-Aller)和YD(Younger Drays)事件,但B/A和YD事件温度变化幅度小于中纬度地区.与中纬度加利福尼亚流系早中全新世温度降低不同,PC14全新世温度无明显变化趋势.这些结果表明了东太平洋低纬地区对高纬地区的气候响应以及沿岸上升流和ENSO现象对加利福尼亚流系中纬和低纬地区的影响不同.从冰消期到全新世,PC14生产力呈现阶段上升趋势,指示了由E1 Nino气候向La Nifia气候的转化以及沿岸上升流加强的总体趋势.在全新世中后期(6.5-3.8ka)生产力的降低,则可能是受ENSO加强的影响.在B/A暖期,PC14生产力增加不多,但氧最小层强度增加,这表明生产力变化不是东太平洋边缘海的氧最小层强化的控制因素.     

半滑舌鳎病原鳗利斯顿氏菌表型及分子特征研究

2008年12月,江苏赣榆某渔场养殖半滑舌鳎出现大量死亡,症状主要表现为:头部、鳃盖及鳍基出血,尾鳍腐烂,腹腔膨胀并积有大量腹水,部分病鱼肠管脱出肛外。从病鱼肝脏、腹水中分离出大量优势生长的细菌,人工感染试验证明其对半滑舌鳎有较强的致病性。对3株分离菌进行了形态特征、理化特性、胞外酶及溶血素活性等表型生物学性状检验;测定了代表菌株的16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列,分析了16S rRNA和gyrB两种基因序列的同源性,并构建了系统发生树,比较了两种基因对分离菌的鉴定能力;结果表明gyrB基因用于细菌种间鉴定更具优越性;基于16S rRNA和gyrB基因的系统发育学分析表明分离菌与鳗利斯顿氏菌具有高同源性,根据分离菌的表型及分子特征,判定分离菌为利斯顿氏菌属(Listonella MacDonell and Colwell 1986)的鳗利斯顿氏菌[Listonella anguillarum (Bergeman 1909) MacDonell and Colwell 1986]。胞外酶活性及溶血活性检测表明3株分离菌均具有淀粉酶、蛋白酶、卵磷脂酶等胞外酶活性,在含7%家兔脱纤血液营养琼脂培养基上呈β型溶血,PCR检测3株供试菌均可扩增出大小约493 bp的溶血素基因和大小约248bp的金属蛋白酶基因。分离菌的耐药谱测定结果显示,对供试49种抗菌药物中的青霉素G等13种药物耐药,对羧苄青霉素等6种药物存在敏感与耐药的株间差异。     

柴达木盆地西部鄂博梁Ⅱ号构造深层卤水储层特征与锂硼资源富集成因

鄂博梁Ⅱ号构造是柴达木盆地西部鄂博梁Ⅰ-Ⅲ号褶皱带中的一个局部构造,在古新世—上新世以来主要为河流泛滥平原相、滨浅湖相和深湖相构造环境,在“高山深盆”的构造环境下,接受了大量造山带物源碎屑补给并赋存卤水矿床。通过对钻孔岩性、孔隙度、给水度、地球物理测井等数据进行分析,总结下油砂山组下部和干柴沟组地层是区内相对较好的深层卤水赋存层位,可作为深层卤水的重点探矿层位进一步勘查。同时,鄂博梁Ⅱ号构造钻孔深层卤水化学组成及特征系数分析结果显示,该水体为低矿化度(平均值为73.00 g/L)、Na⁺、Cl-为主的卤水,其中Li、B等元素含量达到边界品位以上,Br、I元素含量也达到或接近综合利用标准,具有较好的深层卤水找矿前景;卤水的成因为柴达木盆地周缘中新生代以来深部火山热泉补给、造山带火山岩物质风化和溶滤盐岩富集成矿。     

Generalised observations of wave characteristics on near‐horizontal shore platforms: Synthesis of six case studies from the North Island,New Zealand

Most field studies of wave processes on shore platforms in front of eroding cliffs focus on a single site, revealing aspects of wave dynamics at that location. Here, we analyse data from six platforms around northeastern New Zealand and describe the fundamental control of shore platform width, gradient and elevation on wave processes, including greater attenuation of short‐period waves at lower tidal stages and increases in longer period wave energy towards the cliff toe. These data suggest that empirical formulae developed from coral‐reef environments provide better predictions of wave height on platforms than formulae currently used in shore platform models.     

在浏览器中平滑调用MICAPS系统

介绍了通过安装，配置Web服务器软件并编写CGI程序实现在浏览器中平滑调用MICAPS系统的方法，指出融合因特网技术是进行新一代MICAPS系统和天气预报业务平台设计开发的必同之路。     

Assimilation of Feng-Yun-3B Satellite Microwave Humidity Sounder Data over Land

The ECMWF has been assimilating Feng-Yun-3B(FY-3B) satellite microwave humidity sounder(MWHS) data over ocean in an operational forecasting system since 24 September 2014. It is more difficult, however, to assimilate microwave observations over land and sea ice than over the open ocean due to higher uncertainties in land surface temperature, surface emissivity and less effective cloud screening. We compare approaches in which the emissivity is retrieved dynamically from MWHS channel 1 [150 GHz(vertical polarization)] with the use of an evolving emissivity atlas from 89 GHz observations from the MWHS onboard NOAA and EUMETSAT satellites. The assimilation of the additional data over land improves the fit of short-range forecasts to other observations, notably ATMS(Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder) humidity channels, and the forecast impacts are mainly neutral to slightly positive over the first five days. The forecast impacts are better in boreal summer and the Southern Hemisphere. These results suggest that the techniques tested allow for effective assimilation of MWHS/FY-3B data over land.     

基于B/S结构的网上考试系统

介绍了基于B／S结构的网上考试系统应用于气象部门的理论研究，并分析了系统总体结构，提供了一种应用SQL数据库以及ASP编程实现的网络考试系统，详细阐述了科目管理、随机生成试卷等模块的设计与实现，以及相关数据库表的结构。