Inversion of resistivity in Magnetic Resonance Sounding

Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS, or Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - SNMR) is used for groundwater exploration and aquifer characterization. Since this is an electromagnetic method, the excitation magnetic field depends on the resistivity of the subsurface. Therefore, the resistivity has to be taken into account in the inversion: either as a priori information or as an inversion parameter during the inversion process, as introduced in the presented paper. Studies with synthetic data show that water content and resistivity can be resolved for a low resistive aquifer even using only the amplitude of the MRS signal. However, the inversion result can be significantly improved using amplitude and phase of the MRS signal. The successful implementation of the inversion for field data shows that the resistivities derived from MRS are comparable to those from conventional geoelectric methods such as DC resistivity and transient electromagnetic. By having information about both the resistivity and the water content, MRS inversions give information about the quality of the water in the aquifer. This is of utmost interest in hydrogeological studies as this specific information cannot be determined solely by geoelectric measurements, due to the nonunique dependence of resistivity on water content and salinity.     

欧亚秋季雪盖与北半球冬季大气环流的联系

利用NOAA 提供的1973-2004 年32 年欧亚雪盖面积资料和NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料, 采用相关和合成方法对比分析了欧亚秋、冬季雪盖与北半球冬季大气环流的关系,得到了一个观测事实: 欧亚秋季雪盖与后期冬季北半球中高纬大气环流存在显著的相关关系, 尤其是与北半球冬季大气环流的最主要模态北极涛动(AO) 或北大西洋涛动(NAO) 呈显著的负相关关系, 而且欧亚秋季雪盖面积与后期冬季北半球大气环流的关系比欧亚冬季雪盖与同期大气环流的关系更好。最后提出了一个联系欧亚秋季雪盖与冬季大气环流的可能原因: 欧亚秋季雪盖异常可能是导致后期冬季北半球大气环流变化的一个主要强迫因子。     

Atmospheric correction for China''s coastal water color remote sensing

INTRODUcrIONMeasurements from satellite have demonstrated that space sensor can be applied to measurethe sPectra of water-leaving radiance and proven that ocean color remote sensing is a powerfultcol for understanding oceanic, biological and physical processes. One sPecial ocean color satel-lite heaStar was successfully launched in August l997. It has brought to oceanOgraphers a wel-comed and improvd renewal of the ocean color of CZCS, VHRSR and arS. ffeaWiFS con-tributes much bette…     

南海北部沿岸海洋站的假潮

收集和分析了南海北部沿岸15个海洋站所在港湾发生假潮的资料，并对其中较大振幅的典型假潮个例，进行了港湾基态自然周期分析和假潮振动的频谱分析。研究发现，假潮最大振幅振动多发生在天文潮的高潮或低潮期间；根据海湾地形尺度用梅立恩（Merian）公式计算得出的海湾基态自然周期；和根据资料曲线估计得出的假潮周期，以及功率谱分析得出的周期，三者非常接近。从本文研究所得结果来看，这些海湾的较大振幅假潮多发生在春、夏季，且都和风速、风向以及气压的剧烈变化有关。这些大气扰动在春天多为冷空气南下，在夏季多为热带气旋活动。研究认为，假潮的发生很可能是大气振动通过外海表面波作为中间机制，与港湾自由态振动之间产生耦合共振的结果。     

2011年5月26日北京上空TeSL与Es、大气风场的同时观测

本文报道了北京延庆（116.0°E,40.5°N）钠荧光激光雷达在2011年5月26日夜间观测到的一例低热层钠层（lower thermospheric-enhanced sodium layer,TeSL）事例,从数据采集开始到观测结束,该低热层钠层持续存在且不断增强,峰值密度从250 cm^-3增加至1500 cm^-3,峰值高度却从111 km逐渐下降到100 km.同一时间相距28 km的测高仪也观测到了出现在106~117 km的Es层,平均强度4.5 MHz;对流星雷达设备观测到的75~100 km的纬向风风速进行拟合,得到100~125 km的风速,风剪切节点从122 km下降到108 km.Es层和纬向风剪切节点的演化趋势与TeSL事件呈现出极好的相关性.我们计算了离子垂直速度及辐射复合反应的生成率,对钠原子的出现高度和密度做出解释,推测风剪切汇聚的Na⁺与Es层中的电子中和,是形成当日TeSL的主要机制.     

APOD mission status and preliminary results

On September 20 th, 2015, twenty satellites were successfully deployed into a near-polar circular orbit at 520 km altitude by the Chinese CZ-6 test rocket, which was launched from the Tai Yuan Satellite Launch Center. Among these satellites, a set of 4 Cube Sats conform the atmospheric density detection and precise orbit determination(APOD) mission, which is projected for atmospheric density estimation from in-situ detection and precise orbit products. The APOD satellites are manufactured by China Spacesat Co. Ltd. and the payload instruments include an atmospheric density detector(ADD), a dual-frequency dualmode global navigation satellite system(GNSS) receiver(GPS and Beidou), a satellite laser ranging(SLR) reflector, and an S/Xband very long baseline interferometry(VLBI) beacon. In this paper, we compare the GNSS precise orbit products with colocated SLR observations, and the 3 D orbit accuracy shows better than 10 cm RMS. These results reveal the great potential of the onboard micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS) GNSS receiver. After calibrating ADD density estimates with precise orbit products, the accuracy of our density products can reach about 10% with respect to the background density. Density estimates from APOD are of a great importance for scientific studies on upper atmosphere variations and useful for model data assimilation.     

差分像运动视宁度优化监测法

大气视宁度是衡量台址大气光学品质的重要指标。差分像运动视宁度监测仪(Differential Image Motion Monitor,DIMM)被广泛应用于国内外天文选址的视宁度测量作业。介绍了一种优良的视宁度测量方法——差分像运动视宁度优化监测(Improved to Differential Image Motion Monitor,I-DIMM)法。首先对I-DIMM的结构设计和视宁度计算方法进行了详细描述;随后通过设置0. 36 m和0. 12 m两种口径望远镜进行视宁度的模拟测量,将I-DIMM测量结果与传统的DIMM测量的结果进行对比,均证明I-DIMM视宁度计算方法比DIMM更为精确;最后对模拟结果进行了分析,证明了I-DIMM相比于DIMM的优势。     

回首甲子峥嵘,再展万千气象——南京信息工程大学大气学科60年发展历程回顾

南京信息工程大学缘气象而生、因气象而兴,是一所具有显著行业特色的高校。大气科学是南京信息工程大学的学科根基和学科之魂。回顾大气科学60年的发展历程,历经几代人的砥砺奋进,坚持改革创新、特色发展,铸就了大气科学的辉煌成就。20世纪60年代,大气学科为服务国家气象事业急需而创立,改革开放之后,对接中国气象事业发展需要,构建完整的学科体系,并为中国和世界气象事业发展做出了重大贡献,有着“中国气象人才培养摇篮”之美誉。21世纪以来,学科建设进一步加快,2017年大气科学入选国家“双一流”建设学科,开启了世界一流学科建设的新征程。自此,南信大站在历史发展新方位,擘画大气科学发展新蓝图,打造大气学科新高地,推动大气学科建设进入高质量发展新阶段。     

武汉基准台气压对重力潮汐观测的影响

武汉基准台超导重力仪观测重力残差和台站气压的相关分析结果表明,重力残差信号主要是由气压变化引起的。本文在频率和时间域内分别测定了大气重力导纳值,结果说明在时域内的导纳值为－０．３０７μＧａｌ／（１Ｇａｌ＝１ｃｍ／ｓ＾２）,而在频域内的大气重力导纳值变化范围在０．３￣０．５μＧａｌ／ｈＰａ之间,这一结果与理论模拟计算相符。对实测资料作气压改正的结果表明气压改正效果非常显著,各频段内的观测残差振幅均有     

Occurrence of polar stratospheric clouds at Kiruna

Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are often observed in the Kiruna region in northern Sweden, east of the Scandinavian mountain range, during wintertime. PSC occurrence can be detected by ground-based optical instruments. Most of these require clear tropospheric weather. By applying the zenith-sky colour index technique, which works under most weather conditions, the data availability can be extended. The observations suggest that PSC events, especially of type II (water PSCs) may indeed more common than predicted by synoptic models, which is expected because of the frequent presence of mountain-induced leewaves. However, it will be of importance to increase the density of independent observations.