Optimisation of arrays of flap-type oscillating wave surge converters

In this paper a finite array of hinged flap-type wave energy converters are modelled using a mathematical approach. These are illustrative of the Oyster device of Aquamarine Power Ltd.¹ A novel semi-analytic solution method is presented for a set of boundary-value problems involving the scattering and radiation of waves by thin barriers used to model the device hydrodynamics. The approach makes use of the geometry to apply Fourier transforms, deriving non-singular integral equations in terms of the jumps in pressure across the flaps. These are then solved numerically using a highly efficient Galerkin expansion method. The focus of the results is on optimisation. We suggest optimal parameters for a single device, identifying flap length as crucial to device performance. This optimisation is then carried through to arrays with optimal arrangements and spacings being determined for a model sea state. Here, the lateral displacement of the devices emerges as a critical factor in optimal array configuration.     

机载WIDAS地表观测的BRDF原型反演算法验证

地表反照率表征地面对太阳辐射的反射能力,在地表能量平衡中起着重要的作用。2008年黑河的WATER实验中,针对机载红外广角双模式成像仪(WIDAS)观测角度小的特点,发展了一种基于MODIS二向性反射分布函数(BRDF)原型估算WIDAS反照率的算法。然而,在2012年黑河HiWATER实验中,WIDAS的观测角度范围由早期30°观测天顶角升级为最大观测天顶角52°,这一改造对数据预处理(辐射定标、大气校正和多角度配准)产生影响,使WIDAS数据出现明显的噪声,为WIDAS地表反照率的反演带来新挑战。针对新问题,采用新的地表观测数据,进一步验证了BRDF原型算法反演机载WIDAS反照率的能力。为了获取准实时BRDF先验知识,基于核驱动模型和各向异性平整指数(AFX)首先准实时提取了实验区5种MODIS的BRDF原型;然后,将其作为先验知识应用到黑河WIDAS机载数据的反照率反演中;最后,利用实验区的反照率实测数据进行算法验证。本研究比较了3个算法处理该问题的能力:(1)基于BRDF原型作为先验知识的算法;(2)完全基于核驱动的全反演算法;(3)基于朗伯假设的方法,通过算法对比分析,可更好地分析验证算法(1)的性能。结果表明:(1)BRDF原型算法反演精度最高且稳定,尤其是当观测数据位于垂直主平面时,全反演算法由于缺少大角度观测数据的约束,更容易出现异常值;BRDF原型算法的最大绝对误差为0.034,相对于全反演算法和朗伯假设方法精度分别提高了约18%和71%;(2)针对2012年黑河机载WIDAS观测噪声较大的新问题,BRDF原型反演算法表现出了良好的抗噪声性能。通过对WIDAS反照率反演和验证进一步表明,在多角度观测数据信息量不足以进行全反演,且观测受噪声影响较大时,BRDF原型作为先验知识,提供了一种有效解决该问题的手段,对提高反照率反演的精度、增强反演的稳定性有重要作用。     

利用2.5维数值模式匹配算法高效高精度建立垂直井眼中多分量阵列感应井眼校正库

本文将应用2.5维数值模式匹配算法研究建立柱状横向同性地层中偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的高效算法,并利用该算法高效计算多分量阵列感应井眼校正库.首先,通过Fourier展开技术将偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的数值模拟转化为一系列的轴对称问题;然后利用模式匹配算法求解轴对称问题,得到柱状介质中偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的半解析解;最后,结合中国石油集团测井有限公司开发的三维感应测井仪器（TDIT）的结构参数,推导出复合线圈系视电导率张量的计算公式.在此基础上,根据井场实际地层资料归纳出理论地层模型相应参数的变化范围,高效高精度建立一套直接应用于工业生产的多分量阵列感应井眼校正库,并利用井眼校正库详细地分析考察各模型参数对TDIT响应的影响.

     

利用阵列感应测井进行储层渗透率评价

钻井过程中储层受到泥浆侵入影响的程度与储层岩性有着密切关系,其中储层渗透率对侵入深度有着较大影响,因此若可以获知泥浆侵入深度,则有望对储层渗透率进行评估.本文首先建立含泥饼增长的泥浆侵入数值模型,然后建立阵列感应测井数值模型,两者的联合正演模拟显示泥浆侵入对地层的影响可以反映在阵列感应测井响应上,利用阻尼最小二乘法对阵列感应测井响应进行反演可以得到侵入深度.对侵入深度和储层渗透率的关系进行分析发现：在渗透率为1~100 mD（1 mD=0.987×10-3μm2）数量级的储层中,渗透率的变化可以在侵入深度上得到反映.以储层和井数据进行二维数值模拟发现：利用阵列感应测井响应反演出来的侵入深度曲线反映了渗透率在地层上的变化趋势,采用解释图版的方法可以对储层各层段的渗透率进行粗略估算.     

上海佘山地震台阵远震记录的压缩感知分析

将压缩感知方法应用于上海佘山地震台阵远震定位,对于该台阵记录的M_S 5.5以上全球地震事件,根据震级大小、地震波走时、事件分布,筛选得到45个远震事件记录,采用分析压缩感知及传统方法,计算最优反方位角和慢度值,发现压缩感知方法在地震台阵的远震定位中表现良好;对于震相较为复杂的地震,在求取能量最大及超过最大能量95%以上的点,得到最终源信号,也就是震源位置,压缩感知方法具有更高的分辨率。     

海拉尔地震台阵噪声源调查

利用海拉尔地震台阵位置资料,选取台阵半径50 km范围,通过实地摸排和GPS仪定位方法,判断台阵周围有无国际标注的各大噪声源,同时计算噪声源与台阵的距离,分析台阵所属9个子台环境噪声水平,并将现今噪声功率谱与2000年时进行对比,汇总结果,并对台阵环境噪声水平进行评价。结果表明,海拉尔地震台阵周围有6类噪声源,其中工业设施和公共交通对台阵噪声水平的影响集中在高频段,但对监测能力影响不大;根据地震计安放位置与干扰源的最小距离进行评价,得出7个子台噪声源水平达到Ⅰ级台站环境地噪声水平,B₄、B₅子台处于Ⅱ级台站环境地噪声水平,台阵噪声水平总体处于良好状态,不影响仪器的正常运行。     

Development of the Array Transient Electromagnetic System and Its Experiments

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Optimal configurations of wave energy device arrays

In this paper, the influence of the spatial configuration of a wave energy device array upon total power output is investigated. Hydrodynamic interactions are computed using a method capable of producing the linear wave theory solution to arbitrary accuracy. The overall performance of devices with two different power take-off arrangements is maximised at one incident wave frequency and direction by altering the formation of the array. Minimisation of the power is also carried out in a third case in order to demonstrate potential array-related losses. The optimisation is applied using two different approaches in each case: the Parabolic Intersection (PI) method and a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The former is a heuristic technique that has been devised for this study to enable rapid array construction using only simple calculations. The latter is an existing method, applied here with a novel crossover operator. Although considerably more computational effort is required, superior results may be obtained using the GA compared to the PI method. All of the arrays are subsequently analysed under incident waves of different frequency and direction, the resulting behaviour explained in terms of certain geometrical features of the arrangements.     

Low Frequency End Performance of a Symmetrical Configuration Antenna for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)

The frequency specifications of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) call for an optimum operation of the antenna elements from 25 down to 100 MHz. The current 12 m diameter US-SKA design is specified from 500 up to 25 GHz, with an upper goal of 35 GHz. At the low frequency end of the band (i.e., 100 MHz), a 12 m reflector antenna is about four wavelengths in diameter. Then, the question is: how well can you do, at this low frequency end of the specified band of operation for the SKA, with a symmetric reflector configuration using an ultra-wide-band prime focus feed? This paper presents the analysis of the antenna performance, in terms of A _eff/T _A, of three symmetric configurations of the 12 m US-SKA antenna design between 100 and 200 MHz.     

兰州台阵数据实时传输系统

简要介绍了兰州台阵数据实时传输系统的结构,各部分的特征性能,并对该系统的原理、调试等作了介绍,以便在维护操作时做好本项工作.