利用2.5维数值模式匹配算法高效高精度建立垂直井眼中多分量阵列感应井眼校正库

本文将应用2.5维数值模式匹配算法研究建立柱状横向同性地层中偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的高效算法,并利用该算法高效计算多分量阵列感应井眼校正库.首先,通过Fourier展开技术将偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的数值模拟转化为一系列的轴对称问题;然后利用模式匹配算法求解轴对称问题,得到柱状介质中偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的半解析解;最后,结合中国石油集团测井有限公司开发的三维感应测井仪器（TDIT）的结构参数,推导出复合线圈系视电导率张量的计算公式.在此基础上,根据井场实际地层资料归纳出理论地层模型相应参数的变化范围,高效高精度建立一套直接应用于工业生产的多分量阵列感应井眼校正库,并利用井眼校正库详细地分析考察各模型参数对TDIT响应的影响.

     

用Nakamura技术评估天津地区场地效应

用传统的经验转换函数方法评估场地效应需要有一个小孔径台阵,布设若干地震计,其中须有离软土台不远的基岩台。这种方法在天津市这样的大面积平原多震地区无法实现。天津市辖区面积11000km2,只有北部的蓟县是山区,市区是平原,南部的塘沽区、汉沽区、大港区是滨海第四纪巨厚沉积区。天津南部滨海区在1976年唐山MS7·8地震时受灾最重,死亡人员超过20000。天津是1949年以来我国唯一遭遇麦卡利地震烈度达到Ⅷ震灾的直辖市,也是此间我国遭遇地震最大(1976年宁河MS6·9)的城市。十五期间投巨资建立了数字地震观测台网,位于不同场地上的地震观测点清晰、完整地记录了若干有感地震。本文利用近场地面自由场地震三分向记录和Nakamura技术研究了天津地区的场地效应。并与唐山地震时天津地区实际遭受的宏观地震烈度相对比,结合天津地区的地下结构进行了分析。结果表明,Nakamura技术所获得的反映震害的指标(Nakamura技术的放大倍数)与实际震害基本一致。说明Nakamura技术在与天津地区地质构造类似的城市(平原、第四纪沉积层巨厚)如北京、上海、成都具有推广应用价值。我国正在建设大量自由场、数字化、宽频带、大动态地震观测点,该方法具有一定的应用前景。     

Experimental study of a 45-MHz array for radio astronomy

The University of Chile transit radiotelescope is a 528-dipole array operating at 45 MHz. We present a comparison of an experimental study of the antenna radiation pattern with the basic theoretical pattern in three dimensions. We concentrate in the meridian plane diagram since this is particularly difficult to measure for an array like ours. The comparison shows excellent agreement. We have measured several important antenna parameters like the effective area as a function of zenith distance, the orientation of the plane of the array and the pointing accuracy. We include a detailed treatment of these subjects since not much information related to low frequency arrays for radio astronomy can be found in the literature. We discuss the importance of knowing these parameters in the preparation of the 45-MHz Sky Survey under way at the University of Chile Radio Observatory.     

提升气象卫星高速数据解调性能的研究与试验

随着风云气象卫星事业的飞速发展,卫星观测通道数量不断增加、时间和空间分辨率不断提高,原始数据码速率已经由每秒几十兆比特上升为几百兆比特,不久将达到千兆以上.卫星的主要任务是获取遥感数据,从某种角度而言,卫星的价值等价于遥感数据的质量和大小.原始数据通过无线电载波传输至地面站,从载波中准确无误地解调出原始数据,是风云卫星...     

游标法事件计时器

根据游标法事件计时器的设计原理，给出基于现场可编门阵列(FPGA)的设计方案，并对实现游标法事件计时器的技术难点进行相关分析。     

Impacts of XBT, TAO, Altimetry and ARGO Observations on the Tropical Pacific Ocean Data Assimilation

This study aims at assessing the relative impacts of four major components of the tropical Pacific Ocean observing system on assimilation of temperature and salinity fields. Observations were collected over a period between January 2001 through June 2003 including temperature data from the expendable bathythermographs （XBT）, thermistor data from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean （TOGA-TAO） mooring array, sea level anomalies from the Topex/Poseidon and Jason-1 altimetry （T/P-J）, and temperature and salinity profiles from the Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography （ARGO） floats. An efficient three-dimensional variational analysis-based method was introduced to assimilate the above data into the tropical-Pacific circulation model. To evaluate the impact of the individual component of the observing system, four observation system experiments were carried out. The experiment that assimilated all four components of the observing system was taken as the reference. The other three experiments were implemented by withholding one of the four components. Results show that the spatial distribution of the data influences its relative contribution. XBT observations produce the most distinguished effects on temperature analyses in the off-equatorial region due to the large amount of measurements and high quality. Similarly, the impact of TAO is dominant in the equatorial region due to the focus of the spatial distribution. The Topex/Poseidon-Jason-1 can be highly complementary where the XBT and TAO observations are sparse. The contribution of XBT or TAO on the assimilated salinity is made by the model dynamics because no salinity observations from them are assimilated. Therefore, T/P-J, as a main source for providing salinity data, has been shown to have greater impacts than either XBT or TAO on the salinity analysis. Although ARGO includes the subsurface observations, the relatively smaller number of observation makes it have the smallest contribution to the assimilation syst     

机载WIDAS地表观测的BRDF原型反演算法验证

地表反照率表征地面对太阳辐射的反射能力,在地表能量平衡中起着重要的作用。2008年黑河的WATER实验中,针对机载红外广角双模式成像仪(WIDAS)观测角度小的特点,发展了一种基于MODIS二向性反射分布函数(BRDF)原型估算WIDAS反照率的算法。然而,在2012年黑河HiWATER实验中,WIDAS的观测角度范围由早期30°观测天顶角升级为最大观测天顶角52°,这一改造对数据预处理(辐射定标、大气校正和多角度配准)产生影响,使WIDAS数据出现明显的噪声,为WIDAS地表反照率的反演带来新挑战。针对新问题,采用新的地表观测数据,进一步验证了BRDF原型算法反演机载WIDAS反照率的能力。为了获取准实时BRDF先验知识,基于核驱动模型和各向异性平整指数(AFX)首先准实时提取了实验区5种MODIS的BRDF原型;然后,将其作为先验知识应用到黑河WIDAS机载数据的反照率反演中;最后,利用实验区的反照率实测数据进行算法验证。本研究比较了3个算法处理该问题的能力:(1)基于BRDF原型作为先验知识的算法;(2)完全基于核驱动的全反演算法;(3)基于朗伯假设的方法,通过算法对比分析,可更好地分析验证算法(1)的性能。结果表明:(1)BRDF原型算法反演精度最高且稳定,尤其是当观测数据位于垂直主平面时,全反演算法由于缺少大角度观测数据的约束,更容易出现异常值;BRDF原型算法的最大绝对误差为0.034,相对于全反演算法和朗伯假设方法精度分别提高了约18%和71%;(2)针对2012年黑河机载WIDAS观测噪声较大的新问题,BRDF原型反演算法表现出了良好的抗噪声性能。通过对WIDAS反照率反演和验证进一步表明,在多角度观测数据信息量不足以进行全反演,且观测受噪声影响较大时,BRDF原型作为先验知识,提供了一种有效解决该问题的手段,对提高反照率反演的精度、增强反演的稳定性有重要作用。     

Evaluation of a 256×256 Si:As IBC detector array for astronomy

256×256-element IBC Si:As arrays have been evaluated for applications in IR astronomy from space-borne platforms. Basic figures of merit were measured at IR flux levels simulating those expected in space-based astronomical observations. Results include dark current <20e ^-/s, G as high as 3.8, / of 20%, and read noise below 100 rms e^-.     

Ska and Evla Computing Costs for Wide Field Imaging

I investigate the problem of high dynamic range continuum synthesis imaging in the presence of confusing sources, using scaling arguments and simulations. I derive a quantified cost equation for the computer hardware needed to support such observations for the EVLA and the SKA. This cost has two main components – from the data volume, scaling as D⁻⁶ (where D is the antenna diameter), and from the non-coplanar baselines effect, scaling as D⁻², for a total scaling of D⁻⁸. A factor of two in antenna diameter thus corresponds to 12 years of Moore’s law (18 month doubling time) cost reduction in computing hardware. For a SKA built with 12.5 m antennas observing with 1 arcsecond at 1.4 GHz, I find the computing load to be about 150 Petaflops (costing about $500 million in 2015). For 25 m antennas, the load is about 256 times lower, costing $2 million in 2015. This new cost equation differs from that of Perley and Clark (2003), which has scaling as D⁻⁶. This is because I find that the excellent Fourier plane coverage of the small antenna design does not significantly change the convergence rate of the Clean algorithm, which is already satisfactory in this regime.The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.