Deep array electromagnetic sounding on the Baltic Shield: External excitation model and implications for upper mantle conductivity studies

The BEAR array of simultaneous electromagnetic (EM) observations probes the deep crustal and upper mantle conductivity structure of the Baltic Shield searching for the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary beneath. The adequate interpretation of the results of this unique high latitude natural field EM sounding requires proper understanding of the actual external excitation conditions because conventionally used plane wave model assumptions may be substantially violated in the vicinity of inhomogeneous polar sources. The paper presents an overview of the morphology and statistics of source distortions in the BEAR EM field transfer functions (TF) and the ways of their suppression. The stability of the final TF estimates obtained with the exclusion of intensive non-stationary auroral effects is further justified. The external excitation model effective for the whole BEAR observation period is inferred from the array distribution of the inter-station geomagnetic transfer functions. The model is supported by the results of polar ionosphere–magnetosphere current system studies, based on the simultaneous ground and satellite geomagnetic observations, and sets bounds for the “plane wave” approach in the BEAR data interpretation to avoid unfounded inferences on the upper mantle electrical properties. The signatures of the lithosphere–asthenospere boundary under Fennoscandia derived from the BEAR data are summarized and its resolution within the traditional plane wave interpretational paradigm is analysed assuming the presented external source pattern and estimated TF uncertainties caused by the source inhomogeneity.     

上海地震台阵的设计方法

从台阵波数响应特性、子台选址与测试、场地背景噪声分析和记录信号评价等方面，综合对上海地震台阵进行设计，确定了台阵子台的布局点位。本文还介绍了规则台阵与不规则台阵中的几种不同子台布局的台阵波数响应图，并由此得出，采用不规则的子台布局同样可得到性能较好的地震台阵；台阵的子台越多，其响应特性的主峰就越尖锐。     

Hemispheric Imaging of Galactic Neutral Hydrogen with a Phased Array Antenna System

The thousand element array (THEA) system is a phased array system consisting of 1 m² tiles having 64 Vivaldi elements each, arranged on a regular 8-by-8 grid, which has been developed as a demonstrator of technology and applicability for SKA. In this paper we present imaging results of Galactic neutral hydrogen with THEA. Measurements have been taken using a dense 2-by-2 array of four tiles as a four tile adder. The results are compared with results from the Leiden-Dwingeloo Survey, showing qualitative agreement, but also indicating that further studies are needed on the instrumental characteristics.     

柱状成层地层中仪器偏心对阵列感应测井响应的影响

采用柱状成层介质的并矢Green函数高效计算井眼中偏心发射源产生的电磁波,并利用该算法模拟了阵列感应测井仪器在井眼中偏心时的响应.在模拟时既考虑到了金属心轴的存在也考虑到了线圈系所处绝缘层的存在,并重点分析了绝缘层的影响.数值模拟结果表明,对相对低泥浆电导率情况而言,无论线圈距长短,线圈系所处绝缘层对仪器响应的影响均较小,可忽略不计.而对于相对高泥浆电导率情况,线圈系所处绝缘层对仪器响应的影响明显,不可忽略,且线圈距越短影响越大,仪器偏心距越大影响越大.另由数值模拟结果可以看出,在相同泥浆电导率情况下,仪器线圈距越短偏心对线圈系响应的影响越大.     

基于张量分解的AoT序列数据有损压缩方法

Array of Things (AoT)通过单一位置上的多传感器对城市系统进行连续动态观测。AoT观测数据量大且持续增长,使得如何利用有限的计算资源进行AoT序列数据的压缩传输成为其应用的关键瓶颈之一。本文提出了一种基于张量分解的AoT序列数据的有损压缩方法。面向其海量、高维且需在传感器端处理的需求,该方法首先将AoT序列数据组织成高维张量,利用算法复杂度较低的张量CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP)分解提取各维度上的特征主分量,而后利用张量重构实现特征保持的数据有损压缩。利用基于张量分解的有损压缩方法,针对美国芝加哥市区的24 h内感测的声光电磁数据进行了实验,讨论了不同压缩参数对压缩比、压缩误差、压缩精度、压缩时间、压缩过程运行内存占用和压缩结果内存占用之间的影响。实验结果表明该方法可实现AoT序列数据的有损压缩,其较小的内存占用能够支持传感器端数据压缩。并且与原始光场强度对比表明,压缩后的数据保持了原有时空分布特征。与传统矢量量化编码压缩方法相比,在相同压缩精度下,本文方法的压缩比约高27%~76%,压缩时间约节省46%~73%,压缩结果所占内存约节省17%~57%,因此本文方法具有更高的压缩比,更低的压缩时间和内存占用,可为AoT这一类数据的大规模有损压缩提供借鉴意义。     

数字近景摄影测量系统PV-1的几何精度

本文系统地介绍了所建立的一个数字近景摄影测量系统PV—1的检校方法,并得出了该系统的点定位精度。初步实验表明。运用直接线性变换法进行点定位精度评定,物方坐标的中误差为:M_x=0.247mm,M_y=0.158mm,M_z=0.272mm,象方坐标的中误差为0.2像元,相对精度为1/6000。     

基于仿生硬件的无线传感器网络节点自修复方法

针对现有无线传感器网络节点硬件固定,不能重新配置的问题,设计了一种全新的基于仿生硬件的无线传感器网络节点自修复方法,采用仿生硬件实现动态可重构无线传感器网络节点,以使节点能够自主地、动态地改变自身的结构和行为,在其部分硬件失效情况下进行节点的仿生自修复.该研究提出了相关节点的仿生自修复方法,研制了基于现场可编程阵列的仿生自修复节点,并通过实验验证了节点的自修复能力.对于提高无线传感器网络的鲁棒性和安全性具有重要意义.     

基于Choi-Williams时频分布的阵列声波测井信号时频分析

对多极子阵列声波测井信号,提出了一种基于信号时、频局域相关能量的新的时-频信号分析方法,Choi-Williams能量分布,它有着较明确的物理意义.该分析方法对于不同岩性的构造的响应具有很好的区分和识别能力,其声波全波列的Choi-Williams能量分布对由不同岩性组成的构造破碎带具有明显不同的表现特征.利用相应的模式识别方法,可以对这些岩性构造进行有效的区分和识别.     

A Spherical Lens For The Ska

Spherical refracting lenses based upon the Luneburg lens offer unique capabilities for radioastronomy, but the large diameter of lens required for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) means that traditional lens materials are either too dense or too lossy. We are investigating a composite dielectric that theoretically offers extremely low loss and low density, and is suitable for low-cost mass production. We describe our progress towards realising this material and demonstrating the manufacturing concept, via the manufacture and testing of a small (0.9 m) spherical lens.     

一种有效的适合F-J方法从背景噪声资料中提取多阶频散曲线的台阵划分方法

近年发展起来的从地震背景噪声提取多阶频散曲线的F-J方法是一种台阵分析方法,对某一特定的研究区域内台阵的划分方式直接影响成像的效果.当研究区域地下结构较简单,且台站间距比较均匀时,可以使用简单的平移式移动阵列法;然而若研究区域地下结构复杂多变,尤其是台站间距疏密不均时,就需要根据具体的地域特征灵活划分台阵.本文介绍了一种适用于地下结构复杂及台站间距不均匀区域的台阵划分方法,具有一定的普适性.我们将其应用于美国阿拉斯加及加拿大西北部,验证了相比于简单的沿经纬度移动阵列,我们的分区方法确实大大提高了结果的分辨率,为后续反演研究区域三维速度结构提供了坚实的保障.