海湾扇贝性腺发育的生物学零度

采用数理统计的方法，对１９９１～１９９２年海湾扇贝控温促熟实验的有关数据进行分析。得到海湾扇贝在青岛地区性腺发育的生物学零度为６．６℃，产卵的有效积温为１７８．９℃。     

The effect of the causative algae of large-scale HAB in the East China Sea on egg hatching of Argopecten irradians, and population growth of Brachionus plicatilis and Moina mongolica

The impacts of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Alexandrium catenella Balech, causative species of the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea, were studied under laboratory conditions. According to bloom densities, the effects of monoculture and mixture of the two species were examined on the egg-hatching success of Argopecten irradians Lamarck, and the population growth of Brachionus plicatilis Müller and Moina mongolica Daday. The results showed that monoculture of A. catenella had a significant inhibition on the egg hatching success of A. irradians, and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The median effective densities (ED_50) inhibiting the egg hatching success of A. irradians for 24 h and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica for 96 h were 800, 630, and 2 400 cells/cm3, respectively. Monoculture of P. donghaiense has no such inhibitory effect on the egg hatching success of A. irradians; P. donghaiense at lower suitable densities could sustain the population growth of B. plicatilis (1×104~3×104cells/cm3) and M. mongolica (2×104~5×104cells/cm3); P. donghaiense at higher densities had significantly adverse effect on the population growth of B. plicatilis (4×104~10×104cells/cm3) and M. mongolica (10×104cells/cm3). When the two algae were mixed according to bloom densities, P. donghaiense at suitable densities to some extent could decrease the toxicity of A. catenella to B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The results indicated that the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea could have adverse effect on zooplankton, and might further influence the marine ecosystem, especially when there was also Alexandrium bloom.     

光合细菌在海湾扇贝人工育苗中应用的研究

光合细菌是一类组份较全且营养价值较高的细菌。在缺氧弱光条件下，具有处理低分子有机物、净化水质等显著功效。本研究利用了光合细菌所具有的独特生理功能和生态习性，在海湾扇贝人工升温育苗过程中，以单胞藻为基础饵料适当添加光合细菌，增强了海湾扇贝整体营养水平和改善了育苗水体生态环境条件，促进了亲贝性腺发育，提高了幼虫生长率。亲贝性腺指数平均日增长达２％以上，幼虫日平均增长１３．８５μｍ，同时，光合细菌可降低     

海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)附着基异养细菌区系初探

从海湾扇贝附着基上分离出61株异养细菌，对其进行80项生理生化特征测定，以数值分类法进行分析。鉴定结果表明，海湾扇贝附着基上异养菌属于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、气单胞菌(Aeromonas)、弧菌(Vibrio)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)和产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes)。扇贝幼虫附着前附着的细菌主要为芽孢杆菌与假单胞菌，扇贝幼虫附着后气单胞菌成为优势，弧菌数量明显增加，与假单胞菌数量相当。     

海湾扇贝组织蛋白酶L基因编码区的克隆和分析

通过cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE),从海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)中克隆得到了组织蛋白酶L基因(AiCL)的编码区全长,为1095 bp,推测编码364个氨基酸.经比对与分析发现蛋白序列中存在4个组织蛋白酶L活性位点保守氨基酸:Q164,C170,H309,N329;6个极为保守的半胱氨酸...     

A prokaryotic mycoplasma-like organism infection in the scallop Argopecten irradians

Intracytoplasmic infection with a prokaryotic mycoplasma-like organism (MLO) were characterized in the scallop Argopecten irradians, and the first report of such infection in this scallop was represented. Ultrastructurally these microorganisms are usually pleomorphic and variable in morphology and size, and appear in several cell types such as small spherical body, rod-shaped bodies and longer filament-shaped body. They lack a cell wall. These observations revealed that these types of the prokaryote showed some characteristics of a mycoplasma-like organism (MLO). MLO reproduced in two ways: binary fission and budding. The results of isolation and purification showed that a large number of MLOs existed in the tissues of diseased scallops. The results of experimental infection revealed that the MLO is pathogenic to the scallop Argopecten irradians.     

海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians Lamarck)"性腺萎缩症"的组织病理学研究

利用组织学与组织化学染色方法,在光镜下研究了患"性腺萎缩症"海湾扇贝的组织病理学变化.结果表明,患病贝生殖细胞肿胀或萎缩,发育滞后;消化盲囊、鳃等器官组织也呈现明显的病理学变化特征,主要表现为结构紊乱,细胞变形、脱落甚至溃散,血细胞增生,出现强嗜碱性包涵体等异常结构.组织化学研究显示消化盲囊及消化道中酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶含量下降;鳃、外套膜中多糖类物质含量增加等.     

扇贝糖胺聚糖提取和纯化方法研究──Ⅰ．提取方法研究

研究从海湾扇贝中提取扇贝糖胺聚糖的一种实用而有效的方法。提出用胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶结合的水解方法，并给出糖胺聚糖提取过程的工艺流程。     

中国北方海域扇贝重金属含量的比较与质量评价

于2005年10～11月在大连湾、秦皇岛、莱州湾、烟台、威海、胶州湾、胶南7个海域,进行了海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)和栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)As,Hg,Pb,Cu,Zn5种重金属含量的调查。重金属含量的测定采用原子吸收法进行。结果表明:(1)重金属含量存在着组织差异性,贝边的含量高于贝柱;(2)取自同一海域的栉孔扇贝重金属含量高于海湾扇贝;(3)5种重金属的平均含量排序为:Zn>Cu>As>Pb>Hg;(4)胶州湾栉孔扇贝Zn有超标现象,贝柱和贝边中的含量分别是限量标准的1.24倍和1.59倍;Hg,Pb,As和Cu均未超标。     

墨西哥湾扇贝的引种和子一代苗种培育

为将美国佛罗里达州产的墨西哥湾扇贝作为我国南海水域的养殖对象，于１９９１年１２月将壳高２．０－４．５ｍｍ的２２２个稚贝置于保温瓶内，控温在１５－１６℃，并每隔１－１．５ｈ充气数分钟，经３ｄ长途运输到青岛，稚贝全部成活。在室内控制条件下，培育至６月下旬，平均壳高达３３ｍｍ，性腺成熟，并采卵成功地培育出子一代。从子一代在海区养成的亲贝采卵分别在青岛，广西与福建培育出子二代。表明，从繁殖，生长等生物学判