中国海与现代科学技术

中国既是一个大陆国家又是一个海洋国家，约３００万平方公里的海域与６５００多个岛屿如同陆地资源一样为中国人民提供了舟辑之便与渔盐之利，还蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源。     

New palaeomagnetic results from the Kerguelen Islands

New palaeomagnetic analyses have been carried out in the Kerguelen Islands on 32 lava flows of well-established age (20–22 Ma). Combined with previous studies, they yield a reliable pole for the Lower Miocene for the Antarctic plate: N = 59 flows. 349.9°E, 83.5°S, A⁹⁵= 6.1°. A reversal sequence reversed-normal has been identified in the Port Jeanne d'Arc section.     

北大西洋Hatton与Gardar沉积堤上等深线流活动的沉积学标志

 北大西洋东北部 Hatton 与 Gardar 沉积堤的早更新统沉积层分属两类不同的深海碳酸盐软泥。前者粗组份含量高,以有孔虫为主;后者明显变细,主要由超微化石组成。生物产率、水深、沉积速率及等深线流活动都有可能影响软泥的类型,但等深线流的改造作用最重要。本文进一步证实沉积堤是等深线流长期作用的产物,并自渐新世形成以来长期保持稳定。     

波浪波长和方向提取的图像纹理分析技术

传统的波浪波长和方向分析技术是谱分析。本文从海洋波浪图像直接作图像纹理分析,在图像的每一个处理窗口,以海浪图像灰度极值点大小、个数的分布和灰度共生矩阵为基础,构造了借以区分不同海浪波长和方向的纹理测度,实现提取海浪波长和方向信息。     

Geothermal gradients and heat flow in the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin,Arctic Canada

Thermal gradients have been calculated and heat flow estimates made for 34 petroleum exploration wells along four regional profiles crossing the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin of northern Canada. The geothermal gradients vary from 22 mKm^–1 to 44 mKm^–1. Four sets of possible thermal conductivity values were used to calculate a range of heat flow values for each well. Generally low heat flow is observed in wells within the deeper portions of the basin and higher heat flow values occur in wells along the Aklavik Arch Complex which forms the southeastern margin of the basin.The contribution to heat flow by heat generation below the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin fill sediments has been considered. The heat flow contribution from sub-Mesozoic sedimentary strata and underlying basement is highest along the basin-bounding Aklavik Arch Complex. The decrease in heat flow from below the basin fill sediments toward the basin depocenter may be related to basinward crustal thinning and corresponding reductions in intra-crustal radiogenic heat production.     

Seamounts in the Central Indian Ocean Basin: indicators of the Indian plate movement

The study of seamount parameters in the tectonically most-complicated and least-understood Indian Ocean assumes importance since their properties vary as a function of tectonic setting, physics of lithosphere, conduit geometry and chemical composition of magma. More than 100 such seamounts ranging in summit height (h) from 300 to 2870 m, are indentified in the oceanic crust between Indian continent and Mid-Indian Ridge (MIR) and South-East Indian Ridge (SEIR). Most of the minor seamounts (h > 1000) are found in the southern part of the study area. Major seamounts (h < 1000 m) are roughly distributed in two groups—the northern group on Cretaceous Oceanic Crust and southern group on Pliocene-Miocene Oceanic Crust. On an average northern group seamounts (SM 1 to 6) are taller, wider and flatter than those from the southern group. These seamounts appear to be the result of continuous growth from tapped, moving magma chamber while stress depleted magma and inconsistent Indian Plate movement during Mid-Tertiary are attributed to the origin of southern group of smaller seamounts. Distribution and morphology of seamounts as a whole indicate their formation either from Reunion hotspot or from two separate hotspots in the geological past.     

Entrainment of circumpolar water in the Indian Ocean region of the Antarctic

The net influx of the circumpolar water on the western (approximately along 10°E) and eastern (approximately 115°E) boundaries of the Indian Ocean, adopting the method of Montgomery and Stroup is computed on bivariate distribution of potential thermosteric anomaly and salinity to identify the characteristics of the flux. The zonal flux at both the boundaries indicates an alternate strong easterly and westerly flow between 36°S and 45°S, south of which the flow is mainly easterly but weak up to 56°S. At the western boundary the easterly flow is 146 Sv and westerly is 98.07 Sv, while at the eastern boundary (115°E) the corresponding fluxes are 123.46 Sv and 27.20 Sv respectively, indicating a net outflux of 48.33 Sv. This water should have been accounted by the melting of ice and influx of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Water.     

古代刘家港崛起与衰落的探讨*

明代早期建都南京,当时贴木儿帝国崛起于中亚,一度阻断了丝绸之路,北方大运河严重淤积,明王朝只能采用海运与通过海上丝绸之路开展海内外贸易。长江河口成为南京的通海捷径,刘家港位于娄江(刘洒)与长江河口交汇处,太湖平原的东北部。娄江在宋代以前严重淤积,经元代至明初的治理,特别是明初"掣淞入刘"的整治工程后,娄江河道水深河阔,全江畅通,成为长江河口地区兴建大型海港的最佳的港址。娄江又能同富饶的太湖平原相沟通,使其成为刘家港的经济腹地。以上原因使刘家港在明初崛起,成为"海运千艘所聚"的大海港与郑和下西洋的出海始发港。明王朝迁都北京后开展大运河的治理,减少对海运的依赖,郑和下西洋终止与倭寇骚扰,均促使海运衰退。长江河口南岸严重崩塌,使刘家港崩塌入海。娄江严重淤积。以上原因导致刘家港衰落。