评花岗岩的哈克图解

哈克图解是研究岩浆岩地球化学必用的图件,许多结论就是根据哈克图解做出的。哈克图解只是一个逻辑推理的工具,它所推出的结论是否正确,不是由图解本身决定的,而是由实践决定的。岩浆演化的理论是对的,岩浆演化的理论是从研究层状侵入体得来的,它仅适用于玄武质岩浆,而不适用于花岗质岩浆。实践是检验真理的唯一标准,由哈克图解得出的结论没有经过实践的检验是不能成为真理的,这是最基本、最简单的道理。     

玄武岩成分变异原因

笔者等研究发现山东栖霞和浙江西垄两地新生代玄武岩中分别产有奇特的富钾霞石质和富透长石质熔体玻璃地幔捕虏体,而且它们与寄主玄武岩之间有强烈的混染反应.表明玄武岩浆不是一元系岩浆,而是不同期多元系岩浆.多元系所占比例差别很大,决定了玄武岩浆成分的多样性.另外,此玄武岩成分也很特别:①不见斜长石,主要是铬透辉石(Mg质太多);②含有较多霞石;③全岩SiO2低,37％ ～39％.此玄武岩应称为透辉石岩.     

Mg-Sr isotopes of low-δ26Mg basalts tracing recycled carbonate species: Implication for the initial melting depth of the carbonated mantle in Eastern China

ABSTRACT

Recent studies show that crustal carbonates recycled into the mantle can be traced using Mg isotopes of basalts. However, the species of recycled carbonates are poorly constrained. Carbonates have lower δ²⁶Mg values and higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios relative to the mantle, but different carbonate species display different mixing curves with the mantle in the Mg-Sr isotopic diagram because of differences in their Sr and Mg contents. Thus a combined study of Mg-Sr isotopes can constrain the species of deeply recycled carbonates. Here, we present newly determined ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the <110 Ma basalts from Eastern China, and together with published Mg isotopic data we evaluate the species of recycled carbonates in the mantle and discuss their implication. The <110 Ma basalts display low δ²⁶Mg values of ?0.60 to ?0.30‰ and relatively low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.70328 to 0.70537, suggesting that their mantle source was hybridized by recycled carbonates with a light Mg isotopic composition which had more significant effects on Mg than Sr isotope ratios. Mg-Sr isotopic data indicate that the recycled carbonates consist of magnesite and aragonite, but the possibility of calcite and dolomite cannot be eliminated. Based on the carbonated peridotite solidus, the equilibrium line between dolomite and magnesite + aragonite, as well as the mantle adiabat, the initial melting depth of the carbonated mantle, the source region of the studied basalts, was constrained at ~300–360 km. Thus, the subducted depth of the west Pacific slab underlying the carbonated mantle and supplying recycled carbonates should be greater than ~300–360 km, consistent with the seismic tomography result that the west Pacific slab now stagnates in the mantle transition zone.     

Petrochemistry of Mesozoic mafic intrusions related to the Paraná Magmatic Province,Uruguay

The Cuaró Formation is part of the sequence of Mesozoic mafic intrusions related to the Early Cretaceous break-up of Gondwana and represents the southernmost occurrences within the Paraná Magmatic Province in Uruguay. We present field data, petrography and lithogeochemical results regarding these dike swarms and sills that crop out in the southern extreme of the Paraná Basin. Dolerites and sills mainly exhibit glomeroporphyritic textures; the phenocrysts consist of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, relicts of olivine and titaniferous magnetite. Bulk-rock geochemical analyses allowed their classification as low-Ti subalkaline tholeiitic basalts and andesitic basalts. Trace element data indicated that the protoliths of these intrusions include the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, as is generally recognized for other Gondwana-related continental flood basalt provinces.     

Quaternary high-Nb basalts: existence of young oceanic crust under the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone,NW Iran

Quaternary basaltic volcanoes are distributed in the northern part of the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (N-SSZ). Those in the Ghorveh area of the N-SSZ are characterized by low SiO₂, high alkalis, and LILE + LREE enrichment. They also have high Mg numbers (Mg# = 65–70) and high contents of Cr (>300 ppm), Ni (>177 ppm), and TiO₂ (>1.5 wt.%), suggesting that they crystallized directly from primary magma. The basalts are classified as high-Nb basalts (HNB), with Nb concentrations greater than 20 ppm. Their ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values range from 0.7049 to 0.7053 and their ?⁰_Nd values lie between –0.2 and 1.1. The small negative values of ?⁰_Nd indicate involvement of continental material in the evolution of the source magma in the area. Based on these new chemical and isotopic data and their relationship to the Plio-Quaternary volcanic adakites in northern Ghorveh, we propose that the partial fusion of metasomatized mantle associated with adakitic magma was responsible for generation of the HNB rocks following late Miocene collision of the Arabian and Iranian plates. Rollback of Neotethyan oceanic spreading and mantle plume activity caused a thinning of the northern SSZ lithosphere; furthermore, the S wave tomography model beneath the N-SSZ supports this hypothesized lithospheric thinning. The HNB rocks have close spatial proximity and temporal association with adakites, which were formed by the subduction of young (<25 Ma) oceanic crust. Our discussion clarifies the role of the oceanic slab in the post-collision generation of the HNB basalts in this area. Our data confirm the relationship of the HNB rocks to the subduction zone instead of to the oceanic island basalt (OIB) type magma in extensional zones.     

新疆博格达白杨沟的枕状熔岩：岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征

新疆博格达造山带北段东侧白杨沟地区分布有大面积的晚石炭世至早二叠世的火山岩,岩石主要由亚碱性玄武岩和安山岩组成,其中分布有大量保存极好的枕状熔岩。枕状熔岩主要为基性熔岩,SiO2含量50.17%～54.66%,Al2O3为13.10%～16.44%,MgO为4.62%～7.89%,TiO2为1.23%～2.79%,CaO为7.06%～13.07%,Na2O为2.76%～4.99%,K2O为0.07%～0.82%。基性熔岩的大离子亲石元素(LILE)一组为富集如Rb和Ba,另一组相对亏损;高场强元素(HFSE)如Nb和Ta在N-MORB标准化图解上都具有明显的负异常。熔岩的稀土元素在球粒陨石标准化配分图解中表现为总体平坦,轻稀土元素(LREE)轻微富集的右倾曲线,δEu为0.89～1.12。从Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成来看,εNd(t)为+2.8～+3.1,143Nd/144Nd(i)为0.512407～0.512422,εSr(t)为-14.0～-17.5、87Sr/86Sr(i)为0.70293～0.70317、206Pb/204Pb(i)为17.622～17.835、207Pb/204Pb(i)为15.3...     

滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿流体包裹体地球化学特征

为了探讨玄武岩铜矿成矿流体的特征,对滇黔交界地区峨眉山玄武岩铜矿3个成矿期次铜矿石中石英和方解石的气液包裹体进行了激光拉曼成分研究和均一温度、盐度测定,对古石油包裹体通过荧光显微镜进行了成分鉴定。结果表明：第1、2期次成矿流体主要为盆地卤水,其气液包裹体气液比小（一般5%～10%）,w（NaCl）为8%～22%,气相为甲烷,液相为水,无子晶及液相CO2,均一温度为80℃～260℃;第2期次成矿流体除盆地卤水外,还有以古石油为代表的有机流体,古石油包裹体由液态烃、固体沥青和气相组成,均一温度变化大（30℃～290℃）,液态烃以荧光性强的芳烃为主;第3期次成矿流体具有大气降水成因,其气液包裹体气液比一般为5%～10%,w（NaCl）〈4%,无子晶及液相CO2,均一温度140℃～270℃,但以小于200℃为主。从第1期次到第3期次,成矿流体盐度逐渐降低,特别是第3期次的盐度非常低,但温度变化不明显。本区最重要的自然铜沉淀富集成矿是第2期次不同性质成矿流体混合或成矿流体与有机流体混合、有机质的还原的结果。     

黑龙江穆棱地区宝石级锆石成因探讨

利用基本的宝石学方法、紫外可见光分光光度计、红外光谱仪、激光拉曼探针和激光剥蚀等离子质谱技术(LA-ICP-MS)分析了黑龙江穆棱玄武岩风化冲积物中宝石级锆石的宝石学性质、谱学特征、包裹体特征、微量元素组成及U-Pb年龄。宝石学性质表明锆石为优质的、可直接加工利用的宝石原料;谱学特征显示锆石为未经历后期改造的高型岩浆锆石,且含有磷灰石、锆石和赤铁矿包裹体;LA-ICP-MS分析表明锆石具有明显的Ce正异常,富集重稀土元素[(Yb/Sm)N=21～63)]和HFSE元素,Th/U均大于1(1个数据例外);ΣREE较高,含量在1765×10-6～2374×10-6,与基性锆石相似;明显的Ce异常和赤铁矿包裹体说明锆石形成于氧化环境;根据Ti-in-Zircon地质温度计计算,锆石结晶的最低温度为646～737℃;U-Pb年龄为9.39±0.4Ma代表锆石的结晶年龄。基于本实验数据和前人研究成果,认为锆石巨晶形成于富集CO2的氧化环境并且与地幔的交代作用有关,是岩石圈减薄作用发展到一定阶段(衰退期)的产物。     

In Situ Determination of First‐Row Transition Metal,Ga and Ge Abundances in Geological Materials via Medium‐Resolution LA‐ICP‐MS

An in situ, medium‐resolution LA‐ICP‐MS method was developed to measure the abundances of the first‐row transition metals, Ga and Ge in a suite of geological materials, namely the MPI‐DING reference glasses. The analytical protocol established here hinged on maximising the ablation rate of the ultraviolet (UV) laser system and the sensitivity of the ICP‐MS, as well minimising the production of diatomic oxides and argides, which serve as the dominant sources of isobaric interferences. Non‐spectral matrix effects were accounted for by using multiple external calibrators, including NIST SRM 610 and the USGS basaltic glasses BHVO‐2G, BIR‐1G and BCR‐2G, and utilising ⁴³Ca as an internal standard. Analyses of the MPI‐DING reference glasses, which represent geological matrices ranging from basaltic to rhyolitic in composition, included measurements of concentrations as low as < 10⁰ μg g^?1 and as high as > 10⁴ μg g^?1. The new data reported here were found to statistically correlate with the ‘preferred’ reference values for these materials at the 95% confidence level, though with significantly better precision, typically on the order of ≤ 3% (2s_m). This analytical method may be extended to any matrix‐matched geological sample, particularly oceanic basalts, silicate minerals and meteoritic materials.     

广东湛江湖光岩地区玄武岩风化壳Fe同位素研究

本文对广东湛江湖光岩地区厚度分别为4 m和7 m的两个不同喷发时代玄武岩形成的风化壳样品进行Fe同位素分析,分析结果显示:厚度4m风化壳样品Fe同位素组成δ57Fe范围为0.17‰～0.57‰;厚度7 m风化壳样品Fe同位素组成δ57Fe范围为0.20‰～0.68‰,相对于标准物质IRMM-014,不同深度风化壳样品均显示Fe的重同位素富集.两风化壳剖面自下而上,随风化程度增大,风化壳样品中Fe同位素分馏程度也呈现逐渐增大的趋势,表明风化壳样品中Fe的重同位素富集趋势与风化壳的发育程度正相关,风化壳土壤中Fe同位素组成是反映土壤风化程度的指标.另一方面,风化过程可将地球外部圈层(岩石圈、水圈、生物圈)有机结合起来,风化壳土壤Fe同位素组成变化是表生植物和水淋滤共同作用的结果,对化学风化过程中Fe同位素研究,将会极大地补充表生过程中同位素地球化学的知识,同时Fe同位素可作为表生过程中物质的循环、环境的变化等过程中有力的示踪/指示技术手段加以应用.