地学高层次人才培养，从入门课程《普通地质学》开始

充分发挥专业课程的多维度育人功能是打通基础学科高层次人才培养的关键一环。作为地质学及其相关专业的第一门专业入门课程,《普通地质学》课程主要教授学生地球科学的基本知识、基本技能和基本地质思维等专业知识,同时培养学生的专业兴趣。面对新时代高层次地学人才培养的要求,需要深入挖掘该课程的思政元素,实现教学理念从单纯的传授基础知识、激发专业兴趣到科学素养和人文素养拓展,开启《普通地质学》课程服务地学高层次人才培养的大门。充分利用“将今论古”思想和动力地质作用这两个课程核心内容,培养学生的开拓创新精神和跨学科能力,提升学生的科学素养。同时,依托地质过程的复杂性和庞大的地质时空观等课程核心内容,培养学生的工匠精神、大格局观和发展观,提升人文素养。     

矿床成矿系列与成矿预测研究新进展——“《中国矿产地质志》‘成矿系列与找矿方向’”专辑特邀主编寄语

《中国矿产地质志》系列志书由全国600多家单位、4000多名地质工作者, 历时十多年编纂而成, 计划出版200多套志书、150余套附图, 全面记录我国180余种矿产、7万余处矿产地的矿产勘查成果和成矿规律, 实现我国已发现矿种、矿产地和国域面积的三个全覆盖。该志书填补了历史空白, 具有划时代的里程碑意义。该套志书是在“矿床的成矿系列”(简称“成矿系列”)理论思想指导下开展研编的, 厘定了地球系统演化各个时空域中矿种全覆盖的矿床成矿系列, 构建了全国94个成矿带和31个省区市的区域成矿谱系, 在此基础上构建了时间域、空间域及成矿作用紧密结合的成矿体系, 并进一步应用成矿系列的“全位成矿、缺位找矿”的预测思维开展了全矿种的成矿预测。在《地球学报》编辑部的大力支持下, 主动服务于新一轮找矿突破战略行动, 我们从全国、省域、成矿区带等不同尺度, 选取12篇论文, 组成“《中国矿产地质志》‘成矿系列与找矿方向’”专辑, 对铁、金、稀有、稀土、稀散、磷等战略性矿产等进行了系统总结和分析, 旨在为新一轮找矿突破战略行动中找矿工作选区和部署提供科技支撑, 促进国内重要矿产资源的勘查开发, 增储上产。     

从地质特征分析成都主城区在地震中的安合性

汶川MS 8.0大地震发生后,关于成都市主城区安全性的讨论一度十分激烈。本文从成都市及周边的基本地质构造和沉积特征入手,讨论成都市主城区在地震中的安全性问题。经过分析认为：川西坳陷刚性稳定的岩石圈结构决定了成都平原不会发生破坏性的大地震; 成都平原沉积盖层厚度大、质量佳、分布适宜决定了龙门山发生的地震不会对成都主城区造成巨大破坏。因此,面对天然地震,成都市主城区是安全的。     

HiRISE observations of gas sublimation-driven activity in Mars’ southern polar regions: II. Surficial deposits and their origins

The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has been used to monitor the seasonal evolution of several regions at high southern latitudes and, in particular, the jet-like activity which may result from the process described by Kieffer (JGR, 112, E08005, doi:10.1029/2006JE002816, 2007) involving translucent CO₂ ice. In this work, we mostly concentrate on observations of the Inca City (81°S, 296°E) and Manhattan (86°S, 99°E) regions in the southern spring of 2007. Two companion papers, [Hansen et al. this issue] and [Portyankina et al. this issue], discuss the surface features in these regions and specific models of the behaviour of CO₂ slab ice, respectively. The observations indicate rapid on-set of activity in late winter initiating before HiRISE can obtain adequately illuminated images (Ls < 174° at Inca City). Most sources become active within the subsequent 8 weeks. Activity is indicated by the production of dark deposits surrounded by brighter bluer deposits which probably arise from the freezing out of vented CO₂ [Titus et al., 2007. AGU (abstract P41A-0188)]. These deposits originate from araneiform structures (spiders), boulders on ridges, cracks on slopes, and along linear cracks in the slab ice on flatter surfaces. The type of activity observed can often be explained qualitatively by considering the local topography. Some dark fans are observed to shorten enormously in length on a timescale of 18 days. We consider this to be strong evidence that outgassing was in progress at the time of HiRISE image acquisition and estimate a total particulate emission rate of >30 g s⁻¹ from a single typical jet feature. Brighter deposits at Inca City become increasingly hard to detect after Ls = 210°. In the Inca City region, the orientations of surficial deposits are topographically controlled. The deposition of dark material also appears to be influenced by local topography suggesting that the ejection from the vents is at low velocity (<10 m s⁻¹) and that a ground-hugging flow process (a sort of “cryo-fumarole”) may be occurring. The failure up to this point to obtain a clear detection of outgassing though stereo imaging is consistent with low level transport. The downslope orientation of the deposits may result from the geometry of the vent or from catabatic winds. At many sites, more than one ejection event appears to have occurred suggesting re-charging of the sources. Around Ls = 230°, the brightness of the surface begins to drop rapidly on north-facing slopes and the contrast between the dark deposits and the surrounding surface reduces. This indicates that the CO₂ ice slab is being lost completely in some areas at around this time. By Ls = 280°, at Inca City, the ice slab has effectively gone. CRISM band ratios and THEMIS brightness temperature measurements are consistent with this interpretation.     

玉溪大营街-常里温泉开发现状及环境地质问题

大营街-常里温泉区机井密布,开发过度,导致地下水位急速下降。直排废水危及人类生态及作物生长等环境地质问题,综合研究后提出解决方案。     

新平大红山铜铁矿床控矿因素及成因分析

大红山铜铁矿床是我国著名的大型铁铜矿床之一。对成矿地质背景、矿床地质、矿体特征等综合研究,分析矿床控矿因素,提出矿床成因为火山-喷发沉积变质型,建立了成矿模式。     

金塔南山岩带形成环境的地质地球化学证据

地质地球化学证据表明金塔南山岩带是通过转换挤压作用把性质各异、形成于不同构造环境的岩石会聚而成的变质地质体 ,其中主要组分斜长角闪岩的Sm -Nd等时年龄为 74 5±59Ma ,原岩为玄武岩 ,分属钙碱性系列和拉斑系列。稀土元素配分型式为平坦型 (拉斑系列 )到富集型 (钙碱性系列 ) ;相对N—MORB ,低Ti,富集LILE ,相对亏损HFSE ,Nb、Ta、Ti表现为明显的负异常 (钙碱性系列 )到无异常 (拉斑系列 ) ;INd(t) =0 51193,14 3 Nd/14 4 Nd =0 512 878,εNd(t)=+4 9± 0 2 ,推测斜长角闪岩应为不同程度部分熔融的岛弧岩浆作用的产物。提示本岩带是在新元古代中期华北克拉通与塔里木克拉通之间的古大洋俯冲消减的结果。     

玉树断裂活动性研究

通过实地考察和室内工作，对玉树断裂的活动性进行了分段研究。该断裂划分为３段：（１）西北段全新世以来活动强烈，以水平左旋活动为主，水平滑动速率达７．３ｍｍ／ａ，沿断裂带展布大量的古地震事件遗迹；（２）中段第四纪以来的主体活动时段在晚更新世以前，以正断层活动为主；（３）东南段全新世以来活动强烈，以水平左旋活动为主，水平滑动速率约５ｍｍ／ａ，沿断裂带分布有大量的古地震事件遗迹，历史上记载的最大地震为１８９６年的邓柯７．０级地震     

南沙群岛区域地质地貌与古海洋

本文论述了南沙群岛海底地形、海底沉积物、区域地质、珊瑚礁地质地貌和区域古海洋。     

地质流体与构造运动

运用大量的研究成果，综述了地质流体与岩石应变、微观裂隙开合，宏观（中等规模）褶皱、断裂的相互关系。并指出今后尚须加强中型构造运动过程中流体动力学基础理论、差异应力作用下水岩地球化学及其模拟实验、流体与灾害构造（泥石流、滑坡等）的关系等方面的研究。