地质环境分析在海域使用论证中的应用

在海域使用论证工作的实践基础上, 探讨地质环境分析在海域使用论证中的作用及编写内容的思路, 特别是针对不同的项目类型, 应重点介绍了海洋地质内容, 全面、透彻地分析了地质环境, 对论述开发项目所在地及周边的海洋资源状况、用海需求的满足程度、项目选址和海洋资源利用的合理性等内容起到事半功倍的效果。作者还介绍了海洋地质调查和分析的方法, 以有利于地质环境资料的获取和应用。     

Andrei Borisovich Vistelius: A Dominant Figure in 20th Century Mathematical Geology

Andrei Borisovich Vistelius (1915–1995), along with William Christian Krumbein (1902–1979) and John Cedric Griffiths (1912–1992), were dominant figures in the formative and development years of mathematical (or quantitative) geology as a subdiscipline of geology.     

赤峰地区金矿床类型及地质特征

赤峰地区的金矿床依据金矿成矿物质来源、成矿作用和矿床地质特征，划分为混合岩化热液金矿床、岩浆热液金矿床、火山热液金矿床和伴生金矿床四个类型。叙述了每一类型金矿床矿体地质、矿石矿物、矿床同位素等特征。并指出混合岩化热液金矿床是赤峰地区找金矿的重要类型。     

A study on geology,geomorphology, hydrology,groundwater, and physical resources of the desertified Badia environment in Jordan towards sustainable development

This paper summarizes information on geomorphology and physical resources as a part of the Jordan Badia Research and Development Program. The research focused on the issue of the environment in arid lands as an aid to providing practical options for sustainable development, for the benefit not only of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan but of other arid regions of the world. The research is significant in that there is a need to identify usable natural resources and establish a framework for their effective exploitation and management in a marginal, fragile environment, which is sensitive to change. Pressure for development of the Badia stems from the fact that the great majority of the population in Jordan is compressed into less than 10% of the country by environmental constraints. It is hoped that the Jordan Badia Research and Development Program will provide the required framework to ease current environmental pressures, encourage migration to the Badia, a sparsely populated region, and establish economically and ecologically self-supporting communities. This paper discusses the following areas that are related to the sustainable development of the Jordan Badia with special emphasis on the Safawi area in the northern Jordan Badia; geomorphology, including landform, processes, and hazards; geology and physical resources; hydrology; surface water and water engineering; and groundwater.     

地质学的若干问题

对地质学几个领域近几十年的发展做了扼要的总结,指出了一些有突破性的进展,并提出了这些学科今后若干年可能的发展展望,论文涉及的学科包括矿物学、花岗岩、铁镁－超铁镁岩、变质岩、沉积学、多重地层分类与地质年代学、构造这以及板块构造学与大陆动力学。对于各学科并非全面的论述,而是指出其有重大意义的突破性进展,在矿物学方面强调了由于新技术的运用而大大地促进了矿物学的进展,矿物材料学和环境矿物学都是今后着重发展的方向。总结了当前对花岗岩的基本认识,指出应开展“岩浆系统”与“火山系统”的深层次研究;对于铁镁－超铁镁岩今后要加强壳幔物质的相互作用与深部过程的研究;总结了变质岩研究的三个阶段,今后要在重点地质区坚持长期深入系统的研究,特别是前寒武纪麻粒岩区和造山带。沉积学最近有较大发展,有三方面的意义;在构造地质学方面指出在大陆造山带伸展构造、韧性剪切等研究热点以及从定性到定量的研究趋势;板块构造学是地球科学有史以来最伟大的成就,90年代是大陆构造研究的大发展时期。     

Using GIS and statistics to study influences of geology on probability features of surface soil geochemistry in Northern Ireland

The probability features of non-normality and non-lognormality are widely observed in geochemistry due to the influences of multiple factors that are difficult to quantify and model. In Northern Ireland, the pseudo-total concentrations of 14 elements (Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb and Zn) from 6138 topsoils were measured, and GIS mapping showed that the spatial distribution of these data were in line with the spatial distribution of geology in the area. Investigations into the influences of geology on the concentration data and their probability features were carried out using GIS and statistics in this study. The whole raw data sets for each element were positively skewed and none of them followed either normal or lognormal distributions. Logarithmic transformation was found to have “over-transformed” most of the data sets, changing their skewness from positive to negative values. When soil samples were classified by rock type using a GIS overlay function, obvious differences were observed in the chemical concentrations of soils derived from different rock types. Soils in basalt areas displayed the highest concentrations for most elements under study (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P and Zn) but the lowest concentrations for K, while the highest levels for Cd and Pb occurred in the shale areas. Classifying soils by rock type produced more normally distributed data sets, especially for the igneous rock areas. To restrain the influence of soil type and land cover, samples from both gleys and pastures were extracted via a GIS and it was found the data sets then showed generally greater tendencies towards normality. However, many of the data sets would still not pass a test for normality unless the sample size was small (e.g. of the order of a couple of hundreds). Geology, soil type, land cover and sample size all played important roles in determining soil chemical concentrations and their probability features. However, the influences from other factors were still evident. Attempts made in this study show that it remains a challenging task in geochemistry to separate all the factors and to model their influence at the regional scale.     

Sedimentological study of the Chernobyl NPP site to schematise radionuclide migration conditions

The approach, methods and results of a sedimentological study of a near-surface stratum of Late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits in the near-zone (5–10 km radius) of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant are presented. Sedimentological analyses are carried out at three levels of detail: regional-, local- and object-scale. The unsaturated zone and unconfined aquifer at the site are composed of two main genetic types of deposits, aeolian and alluvial, including several dynamic facies. Consideration of lithological properties leads to following ranking of the main genetic sediments facies with respect to radionuclide migration retardation potential: aeolian <alluvial channel <alluvial overbank <alluvial abandoned channel. Based on sedimentological interpretations, the geological environment is schematised into a set of typical geological sections possessing different radionuclide retardation potential.     

台湾海峡西岸经过1604年大震考验的古迹和部分地震地质景观介绍

福建省地处台湾海峡西岸 ,1 60 4年泉州海外的 8级地震对它造成很大的破坏 ,也给我们留下了一批经过 8级大震考验的珍贵古建筑物 ,受到海内外专家的重视。作者经过实地考察 ,认真查阅历史资料 ,着重介绍了经过 1 60 4年大震考验的泉州古建筑物 ,并结合今天福建省防震减灾工作的实际情况 ,结合地质地貌 ,福建土楼等 ,较系统的展示了海峡西岸的地震地质景观。     

Geology and mineral potential of Ethiopia: a note on geology and mineral map of Ethiopia

This work presents a geoscientific map and database for geology, mineral and energy resources of Ethiopia in a digital form at a scale of 1:2,000,000, compiled from several sources. The final result of the work has been recorded on CD-ROM in GIS format so that the map and the database could be available to users on a personal computer.Metallic resources (precious, rare, base and ferrous–ferroalloy metals) are widely related to the metamorphic meta-volcano-sedimentary belts and associated intrusives belonging to various terranes of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, accreted during the East and West Gondwana collision (Neoproterozoic, 900–500 Ma).Industrial minerals and rock resources occur in more diversified geological environments, including the Proterozoic basement rocks, the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic sediments and recent (Cenozoic) volcanics and associated sediments.Energy resources (oil, coal, geothermal resources) are restricted to Phanerozoic basin sediments and Cenozoic volcanism and rifting areas.