中央地质调查所奉命改组为中国科学院地质研究所的史实

中央地质调查所作为中华民国时期成立最早、规模最大、最具国际声誉的国家级研究机构,在南京解放后它的演变过程目前尚缺少详实而准确的文献资料。本文基于历史档案,结合有关文献,较为详细地梳理了1949~1951年中央地质调查所先后被南京市军管会文化教育委员会(1949年5月~1950年6月)、华东军政委员会教育部(1950年7月~1950年12月)、中国地质工作计划指导委员会(1951年1月3日~1951年5月6日)接管的过程。本文还整理了1949年11月1日中国科学院正式成立后,中央地质调查所全所工作人员一致希望隶属中国科学院的经过,以及最终于1951年5月7日奉命改组为中国科学院地质研究所的过程。     

新形势下《地球科学概论》课程改革的实践与思考

在加快推动“双一流”建设和交叉学科发展的背景下,传统的地球科学也逐步向地球系统科学转变,对地学人才培养提出了新的期待和要求。为了更好地适应行业发展需要和学科特色发展,需要对地学人才培养模式进行多样化创新,构建新时代地学拔尖人才培养体系。《地球科学概论》是地学类专业入门的基础课程,论文从优化教学大纲、加强课程思政、注重大师引领、改变教学方法和倡导理工结合等五个方面对课程进行了联动协同改革,对地学拔尖人才培养进行了有益的实践和思考。     

《北京西山地质志》中、英文本比较研究

依据文本对勘的方法,从图片和文字两个方面对《北京西山地质志》中、英文本进行比较研究。图片方面,英文本作了大量的增补和解说,内容更为详实准确。文字方面,中、英文本目录存在明显差异。英文本序言和注释有其独到的价值和意义。中文本正文的细节增补,应是吸收了当时的最新研究成果。中、英文本比较研究为认识《北京西山地质志》的价值与地位提供了准确可靠的学术依据。     

黑龙江鹿鸣钼矿区花岗质杂岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素、辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

鹿鸣超大型钼矿(钼金属量89万吨,平均品位0.084%)产于小兴安岭-张广才岭成矿带北段,矿体呈细脉浸染状赋存于二长花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩体内,围岩蚀变有钾化、绢云母化、硅化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化等,矿化类型主要为斑岩型矿化。鹿鸣矿区含矿岩体二长花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素及辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年研究表明:二长花岗岩和二长花岗斑岩锆石的U-Pb年龄分别为186.8±2.1Ma和183.2±1.9Ma,形成于燕山早期,二长花岗斑岩晚于二长花岗岩。6个样品辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为176.7±4.4Ma(MSWD=0.92),Re含量变化于30×10-6~49×10-6。二长花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值变化于1.1~3.8,Hf单阶段模式年龄为729Ma,两阶段模式年龄为1055Ma;二长花岗斑岩的锆石εHf(t)值变化于0.4~5.9,Hf单阶段模式年龄为741Ma,两阶段模式年龄为1075Ma。研究表明成矿与二长花岗斑岩有关,并且二长花岗岩和二长花岗斑岩岩浆为中新元古代新生的地壳物质熔融的产物,成岩成矿作用与古太平洋板块俯冲作用(或佳木斯与松嫩地块的拼合)有关。     

Gravelly soils that liquefied during 2008 Wenchuan,China earthquake, Ms=8.0

Field investigations following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M_s=8.0) identified 118 liquefaction sites nearly all of which are underlain by gravelly sediment in the Chengdu Plain and adjacent Mianyang area. Field studies, including core drilling, dynamic penetration tests (DPT), and multiple channel analysis of surface wave velocity tests (MASW) for measurement of shear wave velocities, reveal the following: (1) Sand boils and ground fissures, indicative of liquefaction, occurred across hundreds of square kilometers affecting 120 villages, 8 schools and 5 factories. (2) The Chengdu plain is underlain by sandy gravels ranging in thickness up to 540 m; loose upper layers within the gravels beds liquefied. (3) Mean grain sizes for gravelly layers that liquefied range from 1 mm to more than 30 mm. (4) Shear wave velocities in gravels that liquefied range up to 250 m/s. (5) A 50% probability curve, developed from logistic procedures, correctly bounds all but four data points for the 47 compiled V_s data.     

关于地质调查立法研究

地质调查立法既是建设社会主义市场经济体制的需要,也是地质调查工作自身发展的必然要求,必须加快推进.地质调查工作提供公共产品,服务经济社会发展的方方面面,其立法应属于社会法领域.在“大国土”、“大资源”和“大地质”的理念下,地质调查工作隶属于自然科学体系的范畴,应该建立一个与资源平行的地质工作法律体系.在立法过程中,必须坚持地质调查工作的公益性定位,遵循地质工作规律、市场经济规律和法律工作规律,建立地质调查规划、地质调查权、成果质量监督检查、资料管理与服务、财政出资等6项基本制度,以保障和推动地质调查工作的发展.     

湖南省1∶20万地物化重磁图形库建设的体会

本文概述了湖南省１∶２０万地物化重磁图形库建设中取得的主要成果，从实践中摸索了一些图形处理的新方法，并指出了目前图形库建设中存在的问题及建议     

Resolving the Elysium Controversy: An open invitation to explain the evidence

The origin of Mars’ Elysium-Amazonis plain has been the subject of debate for three decades, with a flood-volcanic origin the majority view today. Stratigraphical observations indicate that this view, based mainly on form analogy with Earth, is in error. A general unwillingness to engage with these observations in published work is detrimental not only to wider perceptions of planetary geology, often viewed as little more than the science of resemblance as a consequence, but also to superposed theories of surface chronology and source of the young martian meteorites, which are characterised by inconsistency and paradox as a result. Adherents to the volcanic hypothesis must convincingly explain how the observed field-relations are consistent with a lava surface across this region, or accept that these deposits are not what they currently believe them to be.     

Hydrogeochemical analysis on Italian bottled mineral waters: Effects of geology

The use of bottled mineral waters use is increasingly becoming popular and the need for better knowledge of their chemical composition is a key issue for defining their quality, particularly for those elements that are not monitored on a regular basis. The link between geology and water chemistry is well known and can lead to extreme differences in element distribution and is an issue that needs to be addressed. Such an opportunity has been provided by a project of the EuroGeoSurvey Geochemistry Expert Group aimed at the characterization of groundwater geochemistry using bottled mineral waters purchased in supermarkets all over Europe. On these waters pH, conductivity and concentrations of 69 elements and ions were measured at the BGR geochemical laboratories. On a total of 1785 “samples”, 158 represent waters bottled in Italy in 126 different sites scattered throughout the country. Most of the purchased mineral water is packaged in PET bottles. In this paper, the dataset concerning Italy has been used to provide an overview on the relationship between natural concentration of the determined chemical elements in groundwater and geo-lithological features. These relationships have been investigated mostly taking into account the surface geology and other information available on water sources. Application of R-Mode factor analysis to the data set allowed the determination of the possible relationship between the distribution of individual elements and lithology or other surface enrichment phenomena. In particular waters draining through volcanic rocks are enriched in elements such as As, B, Br⁻, Cl⁻, Cs, I, K, Li, Na, NO₃⁻, PO₄³⁻, Rb, Sc, SiO₂, Sr, Te, Ti, and V up to 3 orders of magnitude higher than waters draining through other lithologies. REE and Y show significant difference in median concentration due to interaction of waters with plutonic rocks. Many elements have a large spread of concentrations, which reflects natural variations and interaction with particular lithologies. One of the five R-mode factor analysis associations, recognized as being representative of elements analysed shows high nitrate and V loadings along with As, PO₄³⁻ and Se. The latter association probably reflects a sign of anthropogenic contribution in some aquifers in volcano-sedimentary or silico-clastic deposits and in intensively cultivated areas.     

地质环境分析在海域使用论证中的应用

在海域使用论证工作的实践基础上, 探讨地质环境分析在海域使用论证中的作用及编写内容的思路, 特别是针对不同的项目类型, 应重点介绍了海洋地质内容, 全面、透彻地分析了地质环境, 对论述开发项目所在地及周边的海洋资源状况、用海需求的满足程度、项目选址和海洋资源利用的合理性等内容起到事半功倍的效果。作者还介绍了海洋地质调查和分析的方法, 以有利于地质环境资料的获取和应用。