上海市工程地质信息系统

文章对该系统的开发背景，系统组成等进行了较为详细的描述。该系统是GIS技术在地质领域的一个具体应用实例。它实现了工程地质资料数据库与地理信息的挂接，可在地理底图上用直接选取数据点方法来查阅单个工程地质钻孔的数据信息及进行工程勘察计算和进行剖面、平面分析。利用该系统能为城市规划部门提供辅助决策信息，能为城市建设部门提供准确和可靠的工程地质信息参考。     

Empirical models for estimating the suspended sediment concentration in Amazonian white water rivers using Landsat 5/TM

Suspended sediment yield is a very important environmental indicator within Amazonian fluvial systems, especially for rivers dominated by inorganic particles, referred to as white water rivers. For vast portions of Amazonian rivers, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is measured infrequently or not at all. However, remote sensing techniques have been used to estimate water quality parameters worldwide, from which data for suspended matter is the most successfully retrieved. This paper presents empirical models for SSC retrieval in Amazonian white water rivers using reflectance data derived from Landsat 5/TM. The models use multiple regression for both the entire dataset (global model, N = 504) and for five segmented datasets (regional models) defined by general geological features of drainage basins. The models use VNIR bands, band ratios, and the SWIR band 5 as input. For the global model, the adjusted R² is 0.76, while the adjusted R² values for regional models vary from 0.77 to 0.89, all significant (p-value < 0.0001). The regional models are subject to the leave-one-out cross validation technique, which presents robust results. The findings show that both the average error of estimation and the standard deviation increase as the SSC range increases. Regional models were more accurate when compared with the global model, suggesting changes in optical proprieties of water sampled at different sampling stations. Results confirm the potential for the estimation of SSC from Landsat/TM historical series data for the 1980s and 1990s, for which the in situ database is scarce. Such estimates supplement the SSC temporal series, providing a more comprehensive SSC temporal series which may show environmental dynamics yet unknown.     

发展地球科学大体系理论开拓人类文明的新前景

从人类发展需要及科学理论趋势出发论述地球科学各门类的大体系综合理论跃迁的观点。提出以地球深源岩浆热动力为主链的岩石圈、水圈、大气圈和生态环境圈的总体物质——热力运动高统帅性理论。展望新的高技术观(监)测系统。     

Statistical self-affinity, fractal dimension, and geologic interpretation

Properties of statistical self-affinity are explored and explained. Semi-variogram analysis can be used for identifying statistical self-affine behavior. This is, however, not the only method available for such an analysis. Some error and interpretation is involved; therefore, estimating the Hurst dimension (and from this the fractal dimension) from the semi-variogram can be misleading. Simulations based on statistical self-affine properties are alternatively used to develop an empirical approach to assessing statistical self-affine behavior. Analyzing simulations using semi-variograms, and comparing these semi-variograms to those from actual data, offers an alternate and perhaps superior approach to the understanding of the statistical self-affine properties of a geologic phenomenon. This empirical approach offers a method of reverse modeling for verifying estimates of Hurst dimension from semi-variograms.     

Two tools for integrating geology into ecosystem studies

Increased interest in understanding ecosystems as a basis for land management requires new approaches for incorporating geology into the process. Limited work performed by geologists to ensure adequate information about geologic interrelationships with the biosphere is available to land managers and other earth scientists. This paper proposes two processes that will aid in increasing the amount and quality of geologic information available to land managers and other earth scientists. First, the geologic integration with ecosystem matrix is a computer data-base format presenting the chemical and physical interrelationships of geology with the biosphere. Second, the geologic terrane land unit hierarchy is an approach to segregating the earth's surface into a hierarchy of land units to simplify applying data-base information to the land.     

工程地质教学改革、创新与MOOC建设以清华大学《工程地质》课程为例

地质学与工程地质学是理论和实践紧密结合的学科。随着现代技术的发展和应用, 传统的教学方法不同程度地受到了一些局限。在讲授传统理论、方法的同时, 引入新的技术方法及教学方法, 是当前教学中面临的挑战。本文以作者对实际教学中在教学方法及教学内容方面的改革、创新实践进行了探讨, 实践表明取得了较好的教学效果。同时, 初步建立了国内第一个地质学野外实习三维信息系统平台, 为地质实习教学、科普教育及在线教学提供丰富的实践平台。针对目前MOOC热潮, 作者以亲身经历简要阐述了地质学MOOC课程建设几个关键值得注意的问题。     

为地矿事业奋斗、贡献的50年

全面回顾了南京综合岩矿测试中心（江苏省地质矿产测试应用研究所）创建５０年来的发展与进步,重点总结了５０年间的主要技术成就,特别指出８０年代以来地矿实验工作获得了新的飞跃。     

美国金属矿床和经济地质研究的展望

在过去３０年中美国科学家已经产生了一种倾向性看法，即认为金属矿床是大尺度地质作用的产物（例如板块构造和盆地卤水区域性迁移）．在这一时期内，矿业公司和科学家空前地致力于金矿床研究。除了国内金矿之外，他们还特别注意研究国外的矿床。流体包裹体、绝对年龄、稳定同位素研究、计算机模拟、遥感和地球物理方法已经成为广泛应用的技术手段。当今普遍研究的矿床课题范围很广泛：包括斑岩型矿床、密西西比盆地型矿床、金刚石岩管、深海块状硫化物矿床、含贵金属煤、矿化页岩和一些新矿床类型（例如奥林匹克坝型矿床，卡林型矿床和Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ－ＰＧＥ－Ａｕ硫化物矿床）。在未来十年内，有可能继续注意国外金属矿床和金矿的研究。新的重要矿床发现（尤其是在基底地体、海洋和国外）正拭目以待。与沉积盆地中流体的最近研究相比较，可以预料扩大环境研究也具有重要意义。与此同时，象类似于接受板块构造理论一样，地球深部创造性研究可以使矿床成因的理性认识有所突破。     

地质矿产部"八五"期间物探、化探、遥感勘查若干新进展

"八五"期间地矿部系统物探、化探、遥感勘查工作取得了若干新进展。本文根据各省、市、区地勘局及勘查技术院等有关资料,分基础地质、矿产勘查及水工环三部分简述了这些成果的主要方面。在矿产部分,特别列举了自"六五"期间区域化探、区域物探起步以来,15年间找矿成果的对比情况,以供大家参考。