藏北班戈、申扎地区志留纪和泥盆纪珊瑚及其意义

本文描述了藏北志留纪和泥盆纪皱纹珊瑚6属,7种,其中3个新种;床板珊瑚5属,7种,其中有4个新种;日射珊瑚1属1种,并讨论了本区志留纪和泥盆纪地层的发育特征和沉积类型。     

长江中游巴河流域胜利河优势种纹石蛾(Hydropsyche sp.)的生产力、营养基础及物质通量

为了加强长江中游地区大型无脊椎底栖动物的研究工作,2009年3月至2010年3月,对长江中游巴河支流的胜利河毛翅目优势种的生产力和营养基础进行了为期一年的调查研究.结果表明,胜利河中主要毛翅目优势种纹石蛾的生活史为一年3代.一至四级河流中,其生物量周年平均值分别为1.77、7.80、44.82、51.55 mg/m2.采用体长频率法测算的年均生产量为7.72 mg/m2,P/B系数为13.21.利用肠内含物分析法研究了胜利河中纹石蛾的营养结构.比较一至四级河流的营养基础发现,无形态碎屑为纹石蛾最常见的食物,占肠内含物的45.22%~62.92%;而对生产量贡献率最高的多是动物组织,达52.86%~68.58%.各季节的营养基础状况也有差异,春季无形态碎屑所占比例和对生产量的贡献率较高,而夏、秋和冬季动物组织则有更高的生产量贡献率.一至四级河流的年均物质通量分别为11.83、34.76、237.52和273.17g/(m2·a).由此可见,该优势种在河流生态系统中发挥着重要作用.     

北极海洋放线菌Streptomyces sp.604F中的抗霉素A和伏尔加霉素类成分

极地微生物代谢产生芳香族硝基化合物、肽类、萜类等多种骨架类型的化学成分。为从北极放线菌中发现结构新颖、活性显著的小分子化合物,本研究采用Sephadex LH-20凝胶和半制备HPLC等柱层析分离纯化化合物手段,结合LC-MS、1H-和13C-NMR等波谱学数据和文献对比进行结构解析,从链霉菌Streptomyces sp.604F提取物中分离鉴定出抗霉素A1b(1)、抗霉素A4a(2)、抗霉素A2a(3)、抗霉素A3a(4)、抗霉素A1a(5)以及伏尔加霉素(6)和8-脱氧伏尔加霉素(7)这7个化合物。化合物1—7是首次从北极海洋沉积物来源的微生物中发现,而且是首次从同一菌株中发现抗霉素A和伏尔加霉素这两类化合物。     

紫菜共附生真菌次生代谢产物对坛紫菜生长的影响

采用室内培养法,分别测定了坛紫菜叶状体和丝状体的日生长速率和光合色素质量分数,研究了紫菜共附生真菌--枝孢霉Cladosporium sp.次生代谢产物的粗提物N5及纯化物DLF3、DLF4对坛紫菜Porphyra haitanensis生长的影响.结果表明:(1)粗提物N5在较低质量浓度时,对坛紫菜丝状体和叶状体的生...     

Accumulation and speciation of selenium in Cardamine sp. in Yutangba Se Mining Field,Enshi, China

A naturally selenium-accumulating Cardamine sp. is growing in Yutangba Selenium Mining Field, Enshi area, Hubei Province, China, where the geochemical environment is selenium-enriched and endemic selenosis ever occurred in humans. The present study investigated the characteristics of accumulation, speciation and quantity of selenium in Cardamine sp. with HPLC-ICP-MS. Results show that Cardamine sp. can accumulate Se at most 1427 mg/kg in seedling leaves. Even after the biomass incensement of growing up, the plant still could accumulate Se up to several hundred of mg/kg in concentration. Moreover, the biomass enrichment coefficient （BEC） of Se is exceedingly high, in the seedling leaves mostly, higher than 50 mg/kg; in the range of 43.7-68 mg/kg; and the lowest value is higher than 3 mg/kg in mature fronds. Se is present in the plant predominantly in form of SeCys2 with the highest concentration in seeds; up to 1081 mg/kg as Se. In contrast, SeCysz levels are low during early growth period; they are 136.1 mg/kg as Se in seedling fronds and 39.4 mg/kg as Se in mature fronds, respectively. SeMet concentration is comparatively low; 10.6 mg/kg as Se in seedling frond and 5.3 mg/kg as Se in half mature fronds, respectively. This indicates that Cardamine sp. is extremely efficient in extracting Se from soil and translocating it into its above-ground biomass. Therefore, Cardamine sp., found in Yutangba Se Mining Field may be a new Se hyperaccumulator. It is still uncertain whether the Se-accumulation or detoxification of Cardamine sp. happens through the pathway of SeCys methylated to form Se-methylselenoCys or through the formation of Se-carboxymethyl- selenohomocysteine. Indeed, further study should be carried out on the determination of more Se species to explain the high Se hyperaccumulation in Cardamine sp.     

塔玛亚历山大藻对两种单细胞藻生长的影响

本文研究了塔玛亚历山大藻(ATCI01品系)细胞再悬浮液、细胞破碎液、上清液、藻壳液、过滤液对亚心形扁藻悬浮性的影响,以及塔玛亚历山大藻与亚心形扁藻和小球藻之间的相互作用.结果发现,含有塔玛亚历山大藻成分的实验溶液均能在短时间内造成亚心形扁藻失去鞭毛形成胞囊而下沉,其中再悬浮液的影响最大.但亚心形扁藻受到的这种不利影响,一般在一周后即开始恢复.小球藻生长几乎不受塔玛亚历山大藻的影响,混合培养水体中的小球藻生长曲线与单种培养的几乎一致,其悬浮性也无明显改变.与亚心形扁藻进行混合培养的塔玛亚历山大藻(ATCI01品系和ATHK品系)均表现出培养前期增殖曲线与单种培养类似,但在一周后混合培养的塔玛亚历山大藻的增殖曲线开始下降,这一时间恰好与扁藻细胞密度开始增加的时间相一致.而与小球藻的混合培养的塔玛亚历山大藻在培养前期与单种培养一致,后期则种群数量有所下降.