Detection and isolation of p-nitrophenol-lowering bacteria from intestine of marine fishes caught in Japanese waters

To determine the existence of p-nitrophenol (PNP)-lowering bacteria in intestine of Japanese coastal fish, the gastro-intestinal contents were incubated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth and minimal medium (MM) broths containing 1 mmol/L PNP at 30 °C for 7 days. Among 26 samples of 19 fish species, 17 samples showed a decrease in PNP of 0.5-0.8 mmol/L in BHI broth, but no decrease was shown in MM broth. Eighteen PNP-lowering bacterial strains were isolated from four fishes. All of the strains were identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Three L. lactis strains JS1-3 isolated from Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus showed the highest PNP-lowering activity (0.44 mmol/L). Optimum temperature and pH for the growth and PNP decreasing corresponded with the marine environment. These results suggested that marine fishes have PNP decreasing bacteria in their intestine. These bacteria might protect host fish from toxicities of PNP and PNP related compounds.     

对硫磷对扁藻和杜氏藻膜脂的过氧化与脱酯化伤害

于１９９４－１９９５年,运用急性急性实验及生化方法对扁藻和杜氏藻的对硫磷毒性效应进行研究。结果表明,对硫磷对扁藻生长的抑制作用明显强于杜氏藻,在对硫磷的胁迫下,两种微藻细胞的超氧阴离子自由基相对含量上升,膜透性增大,微粒体膜脂过氧化水平提高。同时,扁藻微粒体膜的磷脂减少,游离脂肪酸含量增加。     

三苯基氯化锡对扁藻细胞超微结构的影响

于１９９２年４月－１９９２年６月以扁藻为材料进行半抑制深度三苯基氯化锡处理７２ｈ实验，用透射电镜观察观察中毒状态扁藻细胞超微结构的变化。结果表明，线粒体发生水肿，内脊局部瓦解，基质内出现由双层膜包围的同心质膜轮；叶绿体内光合片层的网状结构被破坏，光合片层上下重叠成厚块状；蛋白核中央髓部肿胀，淀粉鞘破裂成多角形淀粉板，并分散在髓部周围；叶绿体基质中出现大量淀粉粒，眼点因受淀粉粒挤压而由藻体中下部移至     

石斑鱼鱼虱病的研究──Ⅰ.南海鱼虱,新种Caligus nanhaiensis n.sp.

记述华南地区网箱养殖石斑鱼鱼虱病病原──南海鱼虱，新种Caligusnanhaiensisnsp．形态的光镜和电镜观察结果，并对南海鱼虱与相似种C．seriolaeYamaguti，1936和C.tanagoYamaguti，1939的形态特征进行详细比较。     

假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.cn4902)磷酸甘油磷酸酯酶基因克隆与鉴定

采用随机克隆、功能筛选、逐次排除和同源比较的基因克隆新策略进行克隆假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp．cn4902)磷酸甘油磷酸酯酶基因的研究。结果表明，该结构基因长819bp，与铜绿假单胞菌的磷酸甘油磷酸酯酶基因的核苷酸一致性达61．5％，氨基酸同源性为56．2％。该基因已输入GenBank数据库，收录号AF348165。将该基因转化大肠杆菌，受体菌在含NaCl 1．0mol／L的培养基中甘油含量升高2．9倍，最终菌浓度提高3．6倍。可见这是一个与生物耐盐性相关的主基因，以其转化、培育耐盐农作物的前景十分光明。     

A new genus of Sycoracinae (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Upper Cretaceous amber of New Jersey

We describe herein a new genus and species of Sycoracinae (Xenosycorax engeli). This new taxon is characterized, described, illustrated and its taxonomic position is discussed. This discovery is very interesting for the understanding of the evolution of this group.     

含硒紫球藻胞外多糖的制备及对体内外肿瘤细胞生长的影响

采用在培养液中添加亚硒酸来实现藻对无机硒的富集和转化,制备一种含硒的紫球藻(Porphyridiumsp.)胞外多糖(Se-PSP);通过DAN荧光法测硒含量及红外光谱,对硒是否结合在多糖上进行了初步探讨;用四唑盐比色法(MTT)研究了不同浓度含硒的紫球藻胞外多糖对3种体外肿瘤细胞生长的影响。通过建立荷瘤小鼠模型,研究了含硒多糖对腹水瘤S180的作用。结果表明含硒的胞外多糖含硒量约为0.015mg/g,40,80mg/LSe-PSP对3种肿瘤细胞SMMC7721、A549、A357均有一定程度的抑制作用,尤其是对SMMC7721抑制程度最为明显。荷瘤小鼠模型实验结果表明100mg/(kg.·d)Se-PSP可以延长荷瘤小鼠的生存时间,Se-PSP有可能成为一种抗肿瘤药物。     

响应面法优化南极菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3的发酵产糖条件

为对南极菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3产胞外糖的发酵条件进行优化,以温度、pH、不同碳源、不同氮源、不同金属离子及海水配比作为唯一变量进行单因素实验,筛选出对产糖有显著影响的单因素取值范围;在此基础上,利用Plackett-Burman实验设计筛选出影响产多糖的3个主要因素,即酵母粉、陈海水配比和装液量.然后通过Box-Behnken实验设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析,得出了南极菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3发酵条件系统优化的结果为:酵母粉1.1 g/L,陈海水与自来水的配比为2:1,装液量为50％,蛋白胨6.0 g/L,接种量1.5％,培养时间64 h,BaCl20.03 g/L,温度10℃,转速150 r/min,pH为7.0.优化后发酵液中的糖含量由优化前的444 μg/mL提高到624 μg/mL,相比初始糖产量提高了40％.结果表明,响应面法可显著优化南极菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3液体发酵产胞外糖的条件.     

Rock Stress,Rock Stress Measurements,and the Integrated Stress Determination Method (ISDM)

The primary objectives of this work are to (1) improve the understanding of the prevailing stress distribution at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in SE Sweden by employing an integrated stress determination approach, and in order to accomplish this (2) extend the existing stress integration methodology denominated integrated stress determination method (ISDM; Cornet in Comprehensive Rock Engineering vol 3, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 413–432, 1993a). The new developments of the ISDM involve a 12-parameter representation of the regional stress field in the rock mass (i.e., the full stress tensor and its variation with depth) that is applicable to hydraulic stress data (sleeve fracturing, hydraulic fracturing, and hydraulic tests on pre-existing fractures), overcoring data (CSIR- and CSIRO-type of devices), and to combinations of hydraulic and overcoring stress data. For the latter case, the elastic parameters of the overcoring technique may be solved in situ by allowing the hydraulic stress data to constrain them. As a result, the problem then involves 14 model parameters. Results from the study show that the ISDM effectively improves the precision of the prevailing stress field determination and that it is especially powerful for identification of consistencies/inconsistencies in an existing data set. Indeed, this is the very basic premise and goal of stress integration; combine all available data to achieve as complete a characterization of the mechanical stress model as possible, and not to identify a solution that fits only loosely the maximum amount of stress data.     

富含古罗糖醛酸的褐藻多糖生产菌株的构建

为获得古罗糖醛酸(Guluronate)含量高的细菌胞外褐藻多糖,利用PCR从海洋细菌Pseudomonassp.QDA中克隆了其甘露糖醛酸C-5差向异构酶基因(algG),连接入质粒pMF 54Km,构建了重组表达载体pMF54 Km-algG。利用三亲接合法将pMF54 Km-algG转入菌株QDA中,获得algG过量表达重组菌株QDA-G1。H-NMR测定结果表明,QDA-G所产的褐藻多糖中β-D-甘露糖醛酸(M)与它的C-5差向异构体α-L-古罗糖醛酸(G)的比值为0.38,G的质量分数达到74.2%,比野生菌株QDA提高了26.4%。且重组菌株遗传稳定性良好,连续传代20代后,M/G的比值无明显变化。