"地震数值模拟的数据库应用平台"项目成果介绍

利用计算机模拟复杂的系统和过程,是当今世界科技发展的新潮流,在地学领域,数值模拟已经渗透到地学研究的各个重大领域。本项目提出建立一个用于地震模拟和预报的数据库应用平台,以地壳动力学研究和强震机理研究为应用核心,将地震地质研究、地形变研究、地应力研究、地球内部结构研究等多种相关的学科手段的观测资料、实验结果和理论分析有机地结合起来,实现技术和数据资源的共享。利用这些信息构建比较合理的地球模型和尽可能多的约束条件,并在有限元分析系统上进行地壳形变和地震过程的数值模拟。     

应用GPS研究现今地壳运动的一些新特点

介绍了第3代GPS卫星的基本特征以及国际全球导航卫星系统(IGS)目前提供的各种星历、卫星时钟和追踪站时钟的精度、地球极移参数、日长及其变化等,同时阐述了国内外GPS地壳形变观测网的最新发展状态,重点介绍了川西地壳形变科研观测网。讨论了GPS瞬时定位方法的特点及其应用,评述了利用GPS观测数据研究慢地震取得的成果及其动态。     

意大利地震紧急事务处置与应急响应系统简介

意大利地震紧急事务处置的特点:①地震灾害与其他灾害统一在一个部门进行紧急事务处置。民防部专门负责实施各类灾害应急救援,应急处置职责范围广泛,包括自然灾害与人为灾害的各类灾害应急救援。健全的组织机构保障了应急处置的高效联动。②地震应急响应技术系统联动集成。硬件平台、基础数据库、软件开发与灾害模型研究4个方面进行集成。③高分辨卫星遥感技术实现灾情快速获取。     

2003年内蒙巴林左旗-阿鲁科尔沁旗5.9级地震及其前兆异常分析

2003年8月16日内蒙古巴林左旗—阿鲁科尔沁旗之间发生了Ms5.9级地震,震前该区测震学指标和河北省北部距该地区较近台站的前兆测项中都出现了一些异常。本文对这些异常的特征进行了分析,同时讨论了这些异常和这次地震的关系。这次地震打破了华北、东北地区的5级地震平静,可能预示新一轮地震活跃的开始。     

内蒙古地区中强地震序列特征研究

根据内蒙古地震台网记录报告,对内蒙古地区中强地震(Ms≥5.0)的序列类型进行分析判断,对研究区地震序列类型的地区分布作了总结,并对不同类型序列与地质构造环境的关系作了简单分析,结果对本区今后的中强地震趋势判定有一定帮助。     

2003年11月13日岷县ML5.5级地震震源机制的矩张量反演

利用2003年11月13日岷县5.5级地震震中周围7个台站的数字记录反演了本次地震的矩张量,对所得结果与用P波初动符号的结果进行了比较,二者具有较好的一致性。结合该地区的地震分布和本次地震的余震分布,对可能的发震断层进行了讨论。     

Study on financial loss and its adjustment in earthquake insurance

Introduction Earthquake often brings large catastrophe to the mankind, especially in recent years when a large number of destructive earthquakes occur in the whole globe, which have caused tremendous casualties and losses to the people. Obviously, it is not very reasonable to make up financial losses and carry out post-seismic reconstruction by the government only for such kind of huge earth- quake losses. Therefore, as an effective measure to raise fund and make up financial losses, earth- qu…     

A tectonic stress map of China and adjacent regions from earthquakes occurred during 2000～2004

Earthquake focal mechanism solutions provide the basic information about the present-day regional tectonics stress distribution, which controls the activities of crustal faults. Therefore, continued efforts for updating the da-tabase of earthquake focal mechanism solutions are quite valuable and important. The international lithosphere program initiated the ″world stress map project″ (Zoback, 1992) since 1980′s. During this project, worldwide studies and measurements of present-day regional…     

Comparison between earthquake magni-tudes determined by China seismograph network and US seismograph network (II): Surface wave magnitude

Introduction Earthquake magnitude is the most common measure of an earthquake′s size,and is one of the basic parameters of an earthquake.There are three most familiar scales of earthquake magnitude:ML(local earthquake magnitude),MS(surface wave magnitude)and mB/mb(body wave magni-tude).Richter(1935)introduced ML when studying earthquakes in Southern California.In1945,Gutenberg(1945a)put forward surface wave magnitude scale to determine earthquake magnitude(MS)using surface waves(20s)of s…     

Fine upper crustal structure of Jiashi strong earthquake swarm region in Xinjiang inferred from high resolution seismic refraction profile data

Introduction Jiashi-Artux area in southwest Xinjiang is one of the most active earthquake provinces at pre-sent in Chinese mainland. In the last century, about 3/4 strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland hit this area, and especially from January 21 to April 16 in 1997, 7 earthquakes with the magnituderanging from 6.0 to 6.9 occurred in a very small area of 9 km×18 km near Jiashi (ZHU et al, 1998). It has never taken place before in Chinese mainland that a series of strong earthquakes shoo…