云南丽江树轮δ18O记录的大气环流变化信息

通过对云南玉龙雪山丽江冷杉年轮晚材纤维素氧同位素 (δ¹⁸O) 的分析,建立了1902-2004时段年分辨率的树轮δ¹⁸O序列。将所得序列与相邻的丽江市气象站记录的气候资料对比,分析了树轮δ¹⁸O对气候要素的响应。结果表明,丽江冷杉年轮晚材中的δ¹⁸O与其生长季气候因子密切相关。主要与季风期 (8-10月) 的降水和相对湿度、6-10月总云量、5-6月平均温度显著相关,尤其和总云量相关性最高 (r = -0.45,P = 0.01)。同时,树轮δ¹⁸O年际变化与南亚季风指数、东亚夏季风指数呈反相关关系,并与1-5月南方涛动指数负相关显著,在一定程度上反映了大尺度的大气环流影响。     

东海DGKS96－03岩心中微体化石的古海洋学特点、δ18O曲线与AMS14C测年

运用微体化石的研究结果辨识岩心不同的沉积阶段的沉积特征及古海洋学特点,并辅以δ18O曲线及AMS14C测年去探讨岩心的沉积时代。该岩心是1996年5月中国、法国、韩国科学家一起利用法国L’ATAIANTE号海洋调查船在东海陆架获取的17个岩心中的一个,分别做了粒度、矿物、CaCo2、微体化石、δ18O、AMS14C测年等分析,初步分析认为：依据微体化石的冷、暖水种的丰度变化,可以辨识出该岩心气候的7个冷期(C1、C2、C3、C4-1、C4-2、C5、C6、C7),然后结合岩心中的矿物成份、CaCo3含量、粒度变化、AMS14C的测年数据把岩心划分为4个沉积阶段,1．晚更新世早玉木冰期沉积。2．玉木亚间冰期沉积。3．晚更新世玉木冰期沉积。4．全新世冰后期沉积。另外,利用浮游有孔虫壳体对不同的沉积阶段所做的AMS14C测年结果分别为9690aBP、12980aBP,26350aBP,27960aBP,37410aBP,41260aBP．。     

近50余年来南海西沙海域冬季风强度的变率

采用南海西沙永兴岛海洋观察站1958~1997年12~2月实测的北东向冬季风风速的平均值作为冬季风强度指数 (WMI),与南海北缘滨珊瑚的相应年月份的实测δ18O平均值进行相关分析,得到线性回归方程WMI (m/s) = - 4.913- 2.138δ18O (‰),r = 0.83, n = 40。在计算(后报) 所得的1944~1997年代际变化序列中,WMI在40~60年代呈下降趋势,70年代略有上升,而80~90年代又呈下降趋势。在年际变化序列中,WMI呈显著的下降趋势,所得线性回归方程为WMI = 79.67-0.0377 Year, r = 0.68, n = 54。由斜率看出,WMI每10年平均下降约0.4 m/s。用Daniell功率谱法分析,近54年来WMI的变化存在2.5~7年的周期,与季风的QBO周期为2~2.4年,以及ENSO活动的3~8年周期密切相关。WMI连续下降的趋势是与全球持续变暖相映,南海海域冬季风强度的变化受到了全球变化的制约。     

马兰冰芯记录的青藏高原中部现代升温变化特征

根据从可可西里地区马兰冰帽钻取的深102.07m冰芯记录中δ¹⁸O的年变化,恢复了青藏高原中部20世纪20年代以来的气候变化.研究表明,青藏高原中部的升温变化与北半球20世纪的升温变化的总体趋势一致,最暖阶段出现在50—80年代早期.期间也出现了几次明显的冷的波动,尤其80年代后期至90年代持续低温,可能与这一时段强盛的夏季风有关.这也表明20世纪末全球急剧升温变化的过程中,某些地区存在气候变冷的波动事件.     

Evidence for solar forcing of climate variation from δ18O of peat cellulose

There have been a number of investigations for examining the possible link between long-term climate variability and solar activity. A continuous δ¹⁸O record of peat cellulose covering the past 6 000 years and the response of climate variation inferred from the proxy record to solar forcing are reported. Results show that during the past 5 000 years the abrupt climate variations, including 17 warming and 17 cooling, and a serious of periodicities, such as 86, 101, 110, 127, 132, 140, 155, 207, 245, 311, 820 and 1 050 years, are strikingly correlative to the changes of solar irradiation and periodicity. These observations are considered as further evidence for a close relationship between solar activity and climate variations on time scales of decades to centuries.     

Two stages of isotopic exchanges experienced by the Ertaibei granite pluton, northern Xinjiang, China

¹⁸O/¹⁶O and D/H of coexisting feldspar, quartz, and biotite separates of twenty samples collected from the Ertaibei granite pluton, northern Xinjiang, China are determined. It is shown that the Ertaibei pluton experienced two stages of isotopic exchanges. The second stage of¹⁸O/¹⁶O and D/H exchanges with meteoric water brought about a marked decrease in the δ¹⁸O values of feldspar and biotite from the second group of samples. The D/H of biotite exhibits a higher sensitivity to the meteoric water alteration than its¹⁸O/¹⁶O. However, the first stage of¹⁸O/¹⁶O exchange with the¹⁸O-rich aqueous fluid derived from the dehydration within the deep crust caused the Δ¹⁸O_{Quartz-Feldspar} reversal. It is inferred that the dehydration-melting may have been an important mechanism for anatexis. It is shown that the deep fluid encircled the Ertaibei pluton like an envelope which serves as an effective screen to the surface waters.     

The most metal-poor galaxies

Summary. Metallicity is a key parameter that controls many aspects in the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies. In this review we focus on the metal deficient galaxies, in particular the most metal-poor ones, because they play a crucial r?le in the cosmic scenery. We first set the stage by discussing the difficult problem of defining a global metallicity and how this quantity can be measured for a given galaxy. The mechanisms that control the metallicity in a galaxy are reviewed in detail and involve many aspects of modern astrophysics: galaxy formation and evolution, massive star formation, stellar winds, chemical yields, outflows and inflows etc. Because metallicity roughly scales as the galactic mass, it is among the dwarfs that the most metal-poor galaxies are found. The core of our paper reviews the considerable progress made in our understanding of the properties and the physical processes that are at work in these objects. The question on how they are related and may evolve from one class of objects to another is discussed. While discussing metal-poor galaxies in general, we present a more detailed discussion of a few very metal-poor blue compact dwarf galaxies like IZw18. Although most of what is known relates to our local universe, we show that it pertains to our quest for primeval galaxies and is connected to the question of the origin of structure in the universe. We discuss what do QSO absorption lines and known distant galaxies tell us already? We illustrate the importance of star-forming metal-poor galaxies for the determination of the primordial helium abundance, their use as distance indicator and discuss the possibility to detect nearly metal-free galaxies at high redshift from Ly emission. Received 19 August 1999 / Published online: 15 February 2000     

北京猿人洞堆积旋回与黄土和深海气候旋回对比

北京猿人洞13个堆积层可划分为7个堆积旋回。每个旋回早期的堆积层(砂、粉砂、粘土和钙扳层),含有暖温带气候特征的哺乳动物和孢粉组合;晚期的堆积层(洞穴角砾与巨砾层),含有温带较干冷气候特征的哺乳动物和孢粉组合。堆积层年代测定数据表明北京猿人洞7个堆积旋回形成于更新世中期,年代为128-730ka,与中国黄土层L₂-S₇,相当,可与深海氧同位素阶段6-19和气候旋回C-I对比。北京猿人在此洞断续生活了约35万年,即从距今约60万年的第5堆积旋回(δ¹⁸O第14阶段)至距今约25万年的第2堆积旋回(δ¹⁸O第8阶段)。     

武都万象洞方解石现代沉积体系δ~(18)O值月变化特征

万象洞所在地大气降水同位素值年内波动较大,变化起止时间存在显著的年际差异。观测期内,武都降水同位素δD-δ18O组合特征与周边城市降水同位素多年平均值重建的区域降水雨水线基本重合,洞穴所在地区降水同位素具有很好的区域代表性。洞穴滴水同位素值年内变化幅度较小,基本反映了当地大气降水同位素值的月加权平均水平。洞穴次生碳酸盐与洞穴滴水之间符合同位素平衡分馏基本规律。季节尺度上,不同监测点滴水及次生碳酸盐δ18O值因受地下水混合作用强弱差异及洞穴温度的小幅变化等影响而略有差异;年际变化上,夏季风爆发前后降雨量的权重及爆发时间的早晚对洞穴滴水-碳酸盐体系同位素水平存在一定的影响。万象洞洞穴滴水、石笋氧同位素信号在年代际尺度上可以很好地指示区域内大气降水的同位素变化特征。     

Authigenic sericite record of a fossil geothermal system: the Offenburg trough,central Black Forest,Germany

A fossil geothermal area is hosted by the Carboniferous, Permian and Bunter sandstones of the Offenburg intramontane trough in the central Black Forest. The hydrothermal alteration is identified on the basis of newly formed sericites, which appear as pseudomorphs after feldspar and filling of pore spaces. According to K–Ar dating of sericite, serititization occurred about 145 Ma ago (Jurassic). On the basis of ¹⁸O analyses of sericite, sericite composition and vitrinite reflectance, the hydrothermal fluids had temperatures of 150–210 °C. Because their electrolyte content was low, these fluids are assumed to have derived from meteoric water. A second pulse of electrolyte-rich hydrothermal fluids resulted in quartz overgrowths. Fluid mobilization seems to be linked to the disintegration of Pangaea and to reactivated fault systems extending from the crystalline basement into the intramontane sediments.