华北地区香河站对流层NO_2的MAX-DOAS光谱仪观测及变化特征分析

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所香河大气探测综合试验站2010年3月至2012年2月(2年)的多轴差分吸收光谱仪(MAX-DOAS)观测数据和32 m高塔常规气象资料,反演了华北地区香河站对流层NO2柱浓度,分析了该区域NO2柱浓度的季节变化特征。研究表明:可见光455~485 nm、紫外330~370 nm都可以作为MAX-DOAS工作波段很好地反演NO2;香河地区NO2柱浓度夏季最低,几乎保持在2×1016 cm–2以下,春、秋季次之,在3×1016 cm–2上下小范围浮动,冬季最高,可达4.5×1016 cm–2;月平均最低值出现在7月,最高值出现在11月。NO2柱浓度与风速、风向密切相关:来自东边唐山方向的风,风速越大时NO2浓度越高,因为唐山是NO2的高值区之一;其它方向风速越大,浓度越低。春、夏两季NO2柱浓度日变化趋势比较平缓,秋、冬两季日变化明显,秋季正午偏高,冬季早晚偏高。     

地下水灌溉回水对黄河流域化学风化CO_2消耗估算的影响

本文根据2012年6月和2013年5月采集的河南、宁夏和内蒙等引黄灌区地下水实测数据,并结合文献数据,探讨了引黄灌区地下水离子组成的分布特征。结果表明:因受蒸发作用和人为因素影响较小,深层地下水矿化度和HCO-3的浓度小于浅层水,但HCO-3占阴离子比例大于浅层水。因各灌区蒸发量、降雨量以及岩性的不同,浅层地下水化学组成和风化来源阳离子浓度在各灌区表现出较大的差异。HCO-3占阴离子的比例在河南灌区最高,内蒙灌区中部和宁夏灌区次之,内蒙灌区东西部最低。河南和内蒙灌区风化来源阳离子浓度相差不多,均大于宁夏灌区。灌区浅层地下水灌溉回水高估的黄河流域化学风化消耗CO2的量为23.3×108 mol/a。     

基于cox1条形码的鱼肚DNA分子鉴定

为鉴定鱼肚的正品来源,运用一对特异性引物扩增并测定10 个不同价格（700～1 500 元/kg）鱼肚样本的线粒体DNA 细胞色素c 氧化酶Ⅰ（cox1）约660 bp 的序列.通过BLASTN 比对DNA 序列同源度,判定鱼肚所属种类分别为鲈形目石首鱼科（Sciaenidae）、马鲅科（Eleutheronema）、笛鲷科（Lutjanidae）、带鱼科（Trichiuridae）.cox1 条码序列获取便捷,基于此条码序列的物种鉴定技术可用于鱼肚种类鉴别.     

论页岩气实验研究及设备选型分析调研

页岩气作为一个新兴的非常规能源,对于其先期勘探、含气性评价、储量评价、岩石力学分析、储层改造等需要开展哪些实验、如何开展这些实验以及做这些实验需要选择哪些科研仪器设备等问题,目前亟待解决。本文在调研对比国内外页岩气试验测试技术及实验室设备基础上,围绕页岩岩石学分析、地球化学分析、含气性分析、等温吸附实验和特殊岩心分析五大体系对页岩气试验方法及设备选择进行了概述和建议。     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxide components in depression between karst hills,Southwest China

In karst regions,the spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxides and environmental variables is still not clear.We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,P2O5,K2O,and MnO contents in the soils of slope land,plantation forest,secondary forest,and primary forest,as well as their relationships with environmental variables in a karst region of Southwest China.Geostatistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were applied to analyze the field data.The results show that SiO2was the predominant mineral in the soils(45.02%–67.33%),followed by Al2O3and Fe2O3.Most soil mineral oxide components had a strong spatial dependence,except for CaO,MgO,and P2O5in the plantation forest,MgO and P2O5in the secondary forest,and CaO in the slope land.Dimensionality reduction in PCA was not appropriate due to the strong spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystems.Soil mineral oxide components,the main factors in all ecosystems,had greater influences on vegetation than those of conventional soil properties.There were close relationships between soil mineral oxide components and vegetation,topography,and conventional soil properties.Mineral oxide components affected species diversity,organic matter and nitrogen levels.     

EPS2012软件在济宁数字城市建设中的应用

一、数字城市建设的概述1．数字城市的概念“数字城市”（英文：digitalcity）是以计算机技术、多媒体技术和大规模存储技术为基础,以宽带网络为纽带,运用遥感、全球定位系统、地理信息系统、遥测、仿真一虚拟等技术,对城市进行多分辨率、多尺度、多时空和多种类的三维描述。     

The Soil Moisture and Net Primary Production Affected by CO_2 and Climate Change Using a Coupled Model

In this paper, a coupled model was used to estimate the responses of soil moisture and net primary production of vegetation （NPP） to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate change. The analysis uses three experiments simulated by the second-generation Earth System Model （CanESM2） of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis （CCCma）, which are part of the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5）. The authors focus on the magnitude and evolution of responses in soil moisture and NPP using simulations modeled by CanESM, in which the individual effects of increasing CO2 concentration and climate change and their combined effect are separately accounted for. When considering only the single effect of climate change, the soil moisture and NPP have a linear trend of 0.03 kg m^-2 yr^-1 and-0.14 gC m^- 2 yr^-2, respec- tively. However, such a reduction in the global NPP results from the decrease of NPP at lower latitudes and in the Southern Hemisphere, although increased NPP has been shown in high northern latitudes. The largest negative trend is located in the Amazon basin at -1.79 gC m^-2 yr^-2. For the individual effect of increasing CO2 concentration, both soil moisture and NPP show increases, with an elevated linear trend of 0.02 kg m^-2 yr^-1 and 0.84 gC m^-2 yr^-2, respectively. Most regions show an increasing NPP, except Alaska. For the combined effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate change, the increased soil moisture and NPP exhibit a linear trend of 0.04 kg m^2 yr^-1 and 0.83 gC m^2 yr^-2 at a global scale. In the Amazon basin, the higher reduction in soil moisture is illustrated by the model, with a linear trend of-0.39 kg m^-2 yr^-1, for the combined effect. Such a change in soil moisture is caused by a weakened Walker circulation simulated by this coupled model, compared with the single effect of increasing CO2 concentration （experiment M2）, and a consequence of the reduction in NPP is also shown in this area, with a linear trend of-     

带丁坝型半封闭矩形海湾中M_2分潮潮波和潮流特性分析

将黄渤海海域概化为矩形海湾,山东半岛概化为垂直于海岸的巨型丁坝,形成一个带丁坝型半封闭矩形海湾。利用DELFT3D-FLOW计算模块在上述海湾中进行了M2分潮数值模拟,对其无潮点和辐射状潮流场的特性进行了分析。研究发现:考虑科氏力影响和巨型丁坝反射作用,坝前形成了明显的无潮点,但在等水深条件下并未形成辐射状潮流场,而叠加上倾斜海底地形后其得以形成;无潮点和辐射状潮流场顶端位置受水深影响明显,随着平均水深的增大,无潮点将向湾口和湾中轴线方向偏移,而辐射状潮流场顶端则向湾口方向偏移。研究结果有助于加深对带丁坝型半封闭矩形海湾中驻潮波系统形成机制和动力特性的理解和认识。     

布拜图对PACMANUS热液区Si-Fe-Mn-羟基氧化物沉淀条件的指示

Utilizing Si, Fe and Mn concentrations within the end-member PACMANUS hydrothermal fluid, Si-Fe-MnH_2 O Pourbaix diagrams were constructed at 300°C and 25°C. The Pourbaix diagrams show that the main Si, Fe and Mn oxides species precipitating from the hydrothermal fluid were Si O_2, Fe(OH)_3, Fe_3(OH)_8, Mn_3O_4, and Mn_2O_3 at 25°C. During mixing of hydrothermal fluid with seawater, Si O_2 precipitated earlier than FeMn-oxyhydroxides because of the lower stability boundary. Then Fe(OH)_2 precipitated first, followed by Fe_3(OH)_8 and Fe(OH)_3, and last, small amounts of Mn_3O_4 and Mn_2O_3 precipitated. Fe(OH)_3 was readily deposited in alkaline solution with little influence by Eh. There were many Si-Fe-Mn-concentric particles in the polished sections of the massive precipitates collected from PACMANUS. In the concentric nucleus and ellipsoid, Si oxides precipitated first before the hydrothermal fluid had mixed with seawater. In the concentric nucleus, after the precipitation of Si oxides, the increase of p H and Eh promoted the precipitation of Mn oxides around the Si oxides. In the large ellipsoid, the precipitation of Fe was divided into two periods. In the early period, increase of p H value of hydrothermal fluid produced by low-temperature convection and an input of a small volume of seawater promoted a small amount of Fe(OH)_3 to precipitate in the Si-rich core. In the late period, after complete mixing with seawater and the resultant fluid was close to neutral or slightly alkaline in p H, Fe(OH)_3 was easily precipitated from the solution and distributed around the Si-rich core.     

中国贝类养殖对海洋碳循环的贡献评估

造成全球暖化的主要原因是温室气体的过量排放,其中CO2的贡献率达60 %,贝类养殖具有碳沉积作用。依据农业部渔业局编制的《中国渔业统计年签》,以2001年到2010年的年平均产量计算贝类捕获和养殖的碳沉积能力,并评估其碳沉积潜力;计算牡蛎、蛤、扇贝与贻贝四种贝壳单位面积的碳沉积能力并与森林、珊瑚礁的碳沉积能力进行比较分析。本文对我国浅海贝类养殖所具有的碳沉积能力进行评估,以了解贝类养殖对海洋碳循环的贡献,可为争取国家碳份额的合法权益提供基础数据。分析表明我国近十年贝类总产量稳定在1100万吨以上,并有增加的趋势,其中海水养殖贝类约占87.34 %。贝类养殖和捕获总产量的碳沉积和海水养殖产量的碳沉积量分别为58.57、51.15万吨/年,碳沉积能力分别相当于122.28、106.78万公顷的造林,可分别减少大气CO2增加量的0.0125 %、0.0109 %。牡蛎、蛤、扇贝与贻贝的单位面积碳沉积速率分别为1.573、0.388、0.301、1.039吨碳/(公顷?年);牡蛎和贻贝高于森林的碳沉积能力0.479吨碳/(公顷?年);但低于珊瑚礁的碳沉积能力1.8吨碳/(公顷?年)。我国贝类淡、海水养殖产量可分别创造约268.4万元/年、12,711.2万元/年的碳权商机。