基于紫外线的CTD防生物附着装置设计和试验

海洋环境监测工作中大部分仪器设备放置海水里,都会或多或少地受到海洋生物附着的影响。生物附着物的生长速度有时非常快,覆盖海底观测设备及传感器的测量单元,对测量效果产生不利影响,使得观测数据持续漂移、降低数据质量、导致传感器逐渐失效。生物附着还会影响海洋设备的散热、水动力流场,并对机械结构产生腐蚀等。目前诸多防生物附着技术各有弊端,甚至产生环境污染问题。为此设计并组装基于紫外线杀菌原理的CTD防生物附着装置,明确各主要技术参数,应用在渤海夏季近岸海上比测试验,验证其对于大部分的海洋附着物具有良好的杀灭效果,可有效缓解生物附着对电导率传感器的影响,在海洋环境监测领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

风化过程中矿物表面微生物附着现象及意义

微生物风化作用作为最为重要的表生过程之一,与多种元素的地球化学循环和局部环境污染的形成有着密切的联系.微生物在矿物表面的附着能够显著提高矿物的风化速率.本文在总结矿物表面微生物附着现象及特征的基础上,概述了微生物附着导致的矿物表观风化速率的上升和表面侵蚀现象,初步分析了微生物在矿物表面附着的驱动力和影响因素,强调了微生...     

大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点

为了解大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点,对布设在珠江口东南海域和北部湾东北部海域的4个圆盘浮标的大型附着生物群落进行分析研究。结果表明,浮标侧壁大型附着生物的丰度和生物量分别为400.00～78 296.00 ind./m2和659.42～62 276.00 g/m2,底部的丰度和生物量则为412.00～66 585.00 ind./m2和1 861.60～60 784.00 g/m2,多数情况下浮标底部大型附着生物的丰度和生物量高于侧壁。浮标底部的香农-威纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数(H′)介于2.39～3.06之间,马格列夫(Margalef)丰富度指数(d)为4.02～6.98,皮洛(Pielou)均匀度指数(J′)为0.88～0.91;而浮标侧壁的H′为0.64～2.79,d为1.10～4.89,J′为0.58～0.96,其中H′和d均表现出底部高于侧壁。聚类分析和非度量多维标度分析结果表明,在30%的相似性水平上,可将各站位浮标侧壁和底部的大型附着生物群落分为4个群组,其中浮标底部基本上可归成1个群组,但浮标侧壁之间差异较大。单因子相似性分析和相似性百分比...     

海洋微型污损性附着生物的初步研究

海洋附着生物按其大小可分为两类，即大型附着生物(藤壶、海鞘、盘管虫、浒苔、水云等)和微型附着生物(附植性细菌、霉菌、放线菌、硅藻、原生动物以及微型线虫等)。     

密鳞牡蛎的人工繁育

研究密鳞牡蛎(Ostrea denselamellosa)的亲体培育和苗种培育技术;研究盐度、温度、密度和饵料等因子对浮游幼虫生长及存活的影响,首次建立密鳞牡蛎的人工繁育技术。结果表明,排出体外的D形幼体在水温23~25℃,经约28 d出现眼点,进入附着变态阶段;幼虫培育的最佳盐度为30;在24~32℃,幼虫生长速度与温度呈正比,成活率与温度成反比;在培育密度为1,2,3和4/mL 4组中,1/mL组生长最快,但各组间存活率无显著差异;湛江等鞭金藻,50%湛江等鞭金藻+50%扁藻,50%湛江等鞭金藻+50%小球藻和小球藻4种饵料投喂组中,50%湛江等鞭金藻+50%扁藻组的生长显著高于其他组;不同附着基的附苗率依次为:扇贝壳>波纹板>筛绢>网片>聚乙烯薄膜。     

翡翠贻贝幼体附着和变态的离子控制

于１９９３年５－１２月在厦门大学海滨实验场,以人工培养的悲翠贻贝幼体作为实验材料,在人工海水中添加３－１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ     

不同材料塑料挂板对海月水母浮浪幼虫附着的影响

通过野外海区挂板的方法,探讨高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)和聚氨酯(PUR)6种不同材料的塑料挂板对海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)附着的影响,分析不同塑料挂板表面粗糙度和海月水母附着的关系.研究结果表明:海月水母浮浪幼虫在夏末秋初可以附着在人工投放的塑料挂板附着基上,表明海岸带工程造成的人工附着基增多可能为海月水母的附着提供便利条件;海月水母螅状幼体在不同材料塑料挂板上的附着率有明显差异,PET、PUR和PVC塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率显著大于其他3种塑料挂板,其中PUR塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率最大,附着率为3.21±0.74 ind./cm2,HDPE塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率最低为0.26±0.08 ind./cm2;海月水母浮浪幼虫附着率与不同材料表面的粗糙度并不显著相关,表明塑料挂板材料的表面粗糙度并不是影响海月水母螅状幼体附着率的关键因子,而不同材料塑料挂板上形成的生物膜可能也对海月水母浮浪幼虫的附着产生影响.研究结果可为我国近岸海域有害水母海月水母暴发和防控研究提供一定的重要参考数据.     

Zoospores of Undaria pinnatifida: their efficiency to attach under different water velocities and conjugation behavior during attachment

In the invading course of Undaria pinnatifida, zoospore attachment in a dynamically changed subtidal water environment is crucial for the establishment of a potential population in alien waters. Among many abiotic factors that may interfere with the attachment process, water velocity is the most important one. In this investigation, the effect of water velocity on zoospore attachment of U. pinnatifida was investigated in an artificially designed system. It was found that freshly released zoospores that were transported by water flowing at 0 -16 cm/s showed no difficulty in attaching the smooth surface. Zoospore attachment decreased at elevated water flowing rates. At 70 cm/s no spore attachment occurred. Spores that have settled on glass slide for up to 1 h could not be stripped away by flowing water at a rate of 129 cm/s, the same was true of the 20 d old filamentous gametophytes. It was found that more than 70% of free-swimming zoospores tended to settle down adjacent to the settled spores and formed conjugated clusters from two up to a few hundred cells in still culture.     

Nonculturability of the pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in live culture of Grateloupia turuturu is associated with bacterial attachment to the algal thalli

The invasive red alga Grateloupia turuturu Yamada could turn Vibrio parahaemolyticus into nonculturable state in live algal culture. In order to elucidate the mechanism of such an effect, a series of culture experiments were performed in this investigation based on three hypothesized causes, namely bacterial attachment, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the discharge of water soluble secondary metabolic compounds. The results reveal that attachment to the thallus surface of G. turuturu was the major reason for the decrease of V. parahaemolyticus in seawater. Further investigations show that V. parahaemolyticus attachment to the surface of algal thallus in live cultures of seaweeds was a common phenomenon. However, the disappearance of the culturability of V. parahaemolyticus occurred only on the thallus of G. turuturu over 72 h among all six algal species tested. Electron microscopic scanning shows that most of V. parahaemolyticus attached to G. turuturu changed from the initial normal bacilli to coccoid-shape after 72 h. The enclosure experiments by enclosing the algal thallus in tubes demonstrate that the nonculturability of V. parahaemolyticus in the water of live culture of G. turuturu occurred after the physical contact of the V. parahaemolyticus to the alga. The capacity of G. turuturu in affecting the culturability of V. parahaemolyticus was not influenced after inhibition of photosynthesis by treatment of 3''-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1'',1''-dimethyl urea (DCMU) at non-lethal levels. Production of reactive oxygen species after addition of live culture of bacteria was excluded by on-line analyzing the oxidation of dichlorohydrofluorescein (DCFH) to dichlorofluorescein (DCF) in the presence of peroxidase on a VersaFluor fluorometer.     

厦门港污损生物物种多样性和分布特征

根据2007年2月至2008年10月在厦门港进行4个季度和周年逐月的挂板试验数据研究污损生物物种多样性和分布特征。共记录污损生物86种,隶属于11个生物门类,主要优势种是中胚花筒螅(Tubularia mesembryanthemum)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、网纹藤壶(Balanus reticu-lates)和长鳃麦杆虫(Capprella equilibra)等;全年都有污损生物附着,月板附着湿重周年变化呈双周期性,最高峰出现于6~7月,次高峰出现于3~4月;季板附着高峰期在夏季。不同试验点的附着生物量差异极大,位于港湾的试板污损生物附着量远大于码头,3个测站附着湿重依序为:港湾浮筏桥墩。