分光光度法测定混合稀土氧化物中的镧铈合量

为解决以重稀土为主的稀土矿中少量镧铈合量的测定问题,本文提出了以Zn-EDTA和EDTA联合掩蔽La、Ce以外的大量轻、重稀土并以对乙酰基偶氮胂为显色剂测定了龙南混合稀土氧化物中少量La和Ce合量,结果令人满意。     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxide components in depression between karst hills,Southwest China

In karst regions,the spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxides and environmental variables is still not clear.We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,P2O5,K2O,and MnO contents in the soils of slope land,plantation forest,secondary forest,and primary forest,as well as their relationships with environmental variables in a karst region of Southwest China.Geostatistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were applied to analyze the field data.The results show that SiO2was the predominant mineral in the soils(45.02%–67.33%),followed by Al2O3and Fe2O3.Most soil mineral oxide components had a strong spatial dependence,except for CaO,MgO,and P2O5in the plantation forest,MgO and P2O5in the secondary forest,and CaO in the slope land.Dimensionality reduction in PCA was not appropriate due to the strong spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystems.Soil mineral oxide components,the main factors in all ecosystems,had greater influences on vegetation than those of conventional soil properties.There were close relationships between soil mineral oxide components and vegetation,topography,and conventional soil properties.Mineral oxide components affected species diversity,organic matter and nitrogen levels.     

布拜图对PACMANUS热液区Si-Fe-Mn-羟基氧化物沉淀条件的指示

Utilizing Si, Fe and Mn concentrations within the end-member PACMANUS hydrothermal fluid, Si-Fe-MnH_2 O Pourbaix diagrams were constructed at 300°C and 25°C. The Pourbaix diagrams show that the main Si, Fe and Mn oxides species precipitating from the hydrothermal fluid were Si O_2, Fe(OH)_3, Fe_3(OH)_8, Mn_3O_4, and Mn_2O_3 at 25°C. During mixing of hydrothermal fluid with seawater, Si O_2 precipitated earlier than FeMn-oxyhydroxides because of the lower stability boundary. Then Fe(OH)_2 precipitated first, followed by Fe_3(OH)_8 and Fe(OH)_3, and last, small amounts of Mn_3O_4 and Mn_2O_3 precipitated. Fe(OH)_3 was readily deposited in alkaline solution with little influence by Eh. There were many Si-Fe-Mn-concentric particles in the polished sections of the massive precipitates collected from PACMANUS. In the concentric nucleus and ellipsoid, Si oxides precipitated first before the hydrothermal fluid had mixed with seawater. In the concentric nucleus, after the precipitation of Si oxides, the increase of p H and Eh promoted the precipitation of Mn oxides around the Si oxides. In the large ellipsoid, the precipitation of Fe was divided into two periods. In the early period, increase of p H value of hydrothermal fluid produced by low-temperature convection and an input of a small volume of seawater promoted a small amount of Fe(OH)_3 to precipitate in the Si-rich core. In the late period, after complete mixing with seawater and the resultant fluid was close to neutral or slightly alkaline in p H, Fe(OH)_3 was easily precipitated from the solution and distributed around the Si-rich core.     

红柳沟北镁铁-超镁铁质岩体矿物学特征及矿石成因分析

红柳沟北镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于柴达木陆块北部的欧龙布鲁克微陆块东北缘,呈岩墙状,出露面积约0.1km~2,由方辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、含长单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉长苏长岩、暗色橄榄辉长岩、苏长岩、辉长岩等组成,各岩相带在空间上呈渐变过渡关系。电子探针分析结果显示,岩体的主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、普通辉石和斜长石,并且各矿物的结晶温度为1 307~1 122℃。岩体钛铁矿化明显,主要金属矿物为钛铁矿、钛磁铁矿和磁铁矿。利用橄榄石Fo最高值反演出原生岩浆MgO含量为8.49%,FeO含量为10.03%,TiO_2含量为1.63%,为普通玄武质岩浆。通过综合研究各矿物形成的温度和氧逸度条件,认为岩浆从橄榄石结晶到普通辉石结晶,其氧逸度是缓慢升高的,并且氧逸度是控制红柳沟北岩体Ti-Fe氧化物结晶的主要因素。     

东天山香山铜镍硫化物-钛铁氧化物矿床成因

新疆东天山地区是中国重要的Cu-Ni-Au-Mo-Fe矿集区,目前,该地区唯一的一个铜镍硫化物-钛铁氧化物复合型矿床产自香山岩体中。通过对香山岩体的岩石地球化学和同位素地球化学研究,表明香山岩体是同源岩浆不同演化阶段的产物;硫化物熔离主要受控于岩浆自身分离结晶作用,同化混染和外来硫的加入对硫化物熔离具有一定促进作用。岩浆高度演化、残余岩浆中Ti、Fe元素富集、岩浆体系高氧逸度、富含流体相和挥发分使钛铁氧化物逐步结晶,并在合适的容矿空间富集成矿。     

江汉平原高砷含水层沉积物地球化学特征

选取江汉平原典型地下水砷中毒区仙桃市沙湖原种场为研究区,对3个长50m的钻孔沉积物砷含量与赋存形态及其他化学组成进行了分析。结果表明区内沉积物砷质量分数为1.35~107.5mg/kg(平均值为12.8mg/kg)。黏土或亚黏土层中砷含量较高,这与细粒沉积物中铁锰氧化物、黏土矿物对砷的吸附有关。地下20m左右深度内含水层沉积物中砷含量最高,相应地下水中砷质量浓度高达到1 000μg/L。草酸-草酸铵选择性提取结果指示沉积物中10%~77%(平均38%)的As与无定形铁氢氧化物结合,表明无定形铁氢氧化物还原性溶解可能是控制砷释放与还原的主要地球化学过程,并且有机质生物氧化机制极大地促进了该过程。然而,沉积物中仅1.2%~23%的铁被草酸-草酸铵提取,含水层中砷浓度主要受铁的氢氧化物还原性溶解影响,但其他形式的铁、有机物的吸附作用亦控制着砷的含量。     

扬子西南缘拉拉IOCG矿床Pb同位素特征及意义

扬子地块西南缘拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG)矿床中,已公开报道的岩石及硫化物矿物Pb同位素为放射性成因Pb含量极高的异常Pb,不能用常规的Pb同位素等时线计算法及全球平均Pb同位素增长曲线解释其特征。结合Pb同位素演化基本原理,对矿床中的Pb同位素特征进行再解译。用校正后的岩石Pb同位素组成建立了Pb同位素的黑云母片岩增长曲线和钠长石变粒岩增长曲线,二者可作为扬子地块西南缘元古宙Pb铅同位素演化的参考。硫化物矿物的Pb同位素组成位于2条增长曲线之间,并分为线性的上、下2个群;上群拟合混合等时线年龄为1119Ma,代表变质热液成矿期的年龄;下群拟合混合等时线年龄为1605Ma,代表火山喷发—沉积成矿期年龄。上、下2个群的Pb同位素混合等时线年龄分别与矿床中的辉钼矿ReOs年龄及火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄基本一致,表明了利用放射性成因Pb进行测年的可行性与可靠性。黑云母片岩和钠长石变粒岩构成了拉拉IOCG矿床的金属成矿物质的端元储库,硫化物矿物中的金属成矿物质具有混合来源的特征。     

西太平洋铁锰结壳中两类不同成因磷酸盐的元素特征、形成机制及指示意义

太平洋铁锰结壳在中新世以前大多经历了磷酸盐化,一般认为其形成代表了高生产力时期富磷组分对先期已形成结壳的交代作用,即磷酸盐化事件的产物.然而,前人对铁锰结壳磷酸盐化的机制研究多基于点-线分析元素或同位素,对铁锰结壳生长结构及二维元素分布特征研究较少.本研究以西太平洋水成铁锰结壳MDD53为研究对象,利用电子探针(EPM...     

矿物组成对离子吸附型稀土矿中稀土元素浸出效率的影响

稀土开采本质上是利用离子交换作用将稀土元素从矿物(黏土矿物、铁(氢)氧化物)表面解吸下来的过程,厘清不同类型矿物对稀土元素浸出的影响,对于提高开采效率至关重要。(NH₄)₂SO₄溶液是稀土元素浸矿时的常用提取剂,SO₄^2-可以通过与稀土元素络合、改变矿物表面电荷性质以及键桥作用等影响稀土元素在矿物表面的吸附/解吸行为,进而影响浸出效率。本研究以高岭石和水铁矿分别作为黏土矿物和铁(氢)氧化物的代表,通过向离子吸附型稀土原矿中添加不同含量(0、5%和10%)的高岭石或水铁矿,结合批量实验、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)及原位红外光谱(in situ ATR-FTIR)等分析表征手段,模拟不同浸取剂体系(NH₄Cl和(NH₄)₂SO₄)下,矿物类型对稀土元素浸取的影响。结果表明,在空白对照组中(未添加高岭石和水铁矿),NH₄Cl浸出稀土...