基于五种油源的中重度风化溢油的常规鉴定指标的应用效果评估

本文利用采集于我国三大油田的五种原油样品开展了长达210天的溢油风化模拟实验,并依据相对偏差和重复性限数学分析法,进行溢油风化过程分析和诊断比值应用效果评估。研究结果表明:经过210天的风化,溢油鉴定诊断比值发生明显改变;其中来源于萜烷、甾烷和多环芳烃的诊断比值变化率要远低于正构烷烃,可用于中长期风化溢油鉴定。此外,研究发现,在这些有效诊断比值中有4个变化率较小,相对偏差低于5%,保持了较好的稳定性,更适合于重度风化溢油鉴定。     

利用父母本微卫星标记估计大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长性状的遗传参数

The estimation of genetic parameters has played an important role in animal selective breeding for growth traits.Recently studies show that molecular markers can be incorporated into genetic evaluations. In order to improve the performance of an incomplete pedigree(i.e, only parents are known) in the genetic evaluations, 12 microsatellite markers have been applied in the estimation of the genetic parameters for body weight in a farmed population(n=1 890) of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.). A new relatedness called parental molecular relatedness(PMR) is estimated based on results of genotyping of 48 parents(31 males, 17 females) with microsatellites markers. The feasibility of PMR in estimation of genetic parameters is verified by comparison with pedigree related(PR) which is obtained from a complete pedigree. The results demonstrate that a high correlation(0.872) between them is found. Heritabilities are estimated using the PMR(0.52±0.13) and PR(0.55±0.22) with the same animal model. A cross-validation shows that the predictive abilities of models using the PMR and the PR are identical(0.81). From that, a conclusion can be made that PMR and PR predicted genetic values equally well in a population of juvenile turbot. Therefore PMR can be applied as an alternative of the PR when only parents are known. However, for a better performance, more markers and more families should be included in a further study.     

A synthetic aperture radar sea surface distribution estimation by n-order Bézier curve and its application in ship detection

To dates,most ship detection approaches for single-pol synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imagery try to ensure a constant false-alarm rate(CFAR).A high performance ship detector relies on two key components:an accurate estimation to a sea surface distribution and a fine designed CFAR algorithm.First,a novel nonparametric sea surface distribution estimation method is developed based on n-order Bézier curve.To estimate the sea surface distribution using n-order Bézier curve,an explicit analytical solution is derived based on a least square optimization,and the optimal selection also is presented to two essential parameters,the order n of Bézier curve and the number m of sample points.Next,to validate the ship detection performance of the estimated sea surface distribution,the estimated sea surface distribution by n-order Bézier curve is combined with a cell averaging CFAR(CA-CFAR).To eliminate the possible interfering ship targets in background window,an improved automatic censoring method is applied.Comprehensive experiments prove that in terms of sea surface estimation performance,the proposed method is as good as a traditional nonparametric Parzen window kernel method,and in most cases,outperforms two widely used parametric methods,K and G0 models.In terms of computation speed,a major advantage of the proposed estimation method is the time consuming only depended on the number m of sample points while independent of imagery size,which makes it can achieve a significant speed improvement to the Parzen window kernel method,and in some cases,it is even faster than two parametric methods.In terms of ship detection performance,the experiments show that the ship detector which constructed by the proposed sea surface distribution model and the given CA-CFAR algorithm has wide adaptability to different SAR sensors,resolutions and sea surface homogeneities and obtains a leading performance on the test dataset.     

潮滩上应用ADV进行波浪观测与特征参数计算

声学多普勒流速仪(ADV:Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry)可以同时测量水体流速与水压的高频变化信息,通过合理的设置采样工作模式和数据后处理方法,可以计算得到高精度的波浪特征参数。本次实验选择在长江口南汇边滩低潮滩开展野外观测,布放仪器包括ADV和光学后向散射浊度计(OBS)各一台,均采用连续工作模式,ADV采样频率为32 Hz。数据处理首先进行原始流速观测数据的信号质量检查和异常值去除等步骤,剔除信噪比小于5 d B或相关系数小于70%的观测数据;对压力数据进行中心化和消除趋势项处理,降低因潮位变化引起的偏移。在运用传递函数将压力谱转换成表面波谱时,需要首先确定一个截断频率,对比分析发现,潮滩环境采用高频截断频率固定在0.5 Hz效果最理想。通过计算得到观测期间的主要波浪特征参数值分别为,有效波高为0.03~0.51 m,平均有效波高为0.3 m;平均周期为2.52~7.22 s,平均跨零周期为2.46~6.57 s;波浪的轨道流速为0.03~0.13 m/s,平均轨道流速为0.09 m/s。波高与水深之间具有良好的正相关关系,说明对于潮滩上固定站点,涨落潮水位变化是制约波高发展的重要因素。可见,ADV可以实现对潮滩流场和波浪作用的同步观测,为开展波流共同作用下潮滩沉积地貌演变的沉积动力学研究提供了手段与方法支持。     

东山乌礁湾海滩表层沉积物粒度时空变化分析

为了进一步了解海岛岬湾海岸表层沉积物粒度的时空分布特征和形成机制,作者以福建东山岛乌礁湾为典型研究区,通过秋、春、夏3个不同季节海滩表层沉积物的采集和点位测量,综合应用激光法和筛析法进行粒度测定。结果表明,东山乌礁湾海滩表层沉积物以0.16～0.50 mm之间的中、细砂为主,并含有少量的粗砂和细砾,这与区域砂质沉积背景有关;湾内从南到北剖面沉积物粒径由粗砂到细砂逐渐变细,主要受剖面地形、局地物源、季节性风浪作用和近岸往复水动力的影响。时间变化上,各取样站位表现出沉积物粒径粗、细不同程度的多种变化趋势,以秋季为参考,整体上表现为由南到北粒级的变小、增大和稳定,这与东北、南南西季风影响下的浪、潮作用以及沿岸流系格局变化下的水动力环境有关。     

文蛤早期发育阶段生长性状遗传参数的估计

采用部分因子设计构建了23个全同胞家系,应用单性状及两性状动物模型对文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)早期不同生长发育时期的生长性状进行遗传力和相关性估计。结果表明,文蛤附着变态期以及稚贝期生长性状的遗传力并无显著差别,在0.11~0.41范围内变化,属于中等遗传力。非遗传的共同环境效应随着年龄的增长而呈现上升趋势,由附着变态期的0.02逐渐增加到稚贝期的0.38,且稚贝期的共同环境效应显著大于其附着变态期(P0.01)。壳长与壳高表型相关和遗传相关的分析结果显示,从附着变态期到稚贝期,壳长与壳高之间的表型相关及遗传相关都存在极显著的正相关性,相关系数的范围分别为0.84~0.95、0.93~0.99。早期发育连续时间段生长性状之间的遗传相关均为正相关,但并不显著,且不同时期的遗传相关也不尽相同(0.34~0.71)。     

基于同步风场的机载SAR海浪参数反演方法

针对机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)对海探测特点,采用多入射角法从SAR数据本身得到与海浪参数反演区域时空匹配的同步海面风速和风向,并结合线性变换关系,计算得到海浪初猜谱对应的仿真SAR图像谱,将仿真SAR图像谱和观测SAR图像谱输入代价函数中进行迭代运算,通过非线性方程的解算得到最适海浪谱;采用交叉谱法去除海浪传播180°方向模糊,最终得到海浪参数。论文提出的基于同步风场的机载SAR海浪参数反演方法,充分利用了机载SAR海洋环境探测的优势,解决了传统SAR海浪参数反演中初猜谱构造依赖外部风场的问题,机载同步飞行试验的海浪参数反演结果与浮标观测值的有效波高、波向的均方根误差分别为0.23 m和13.23°,验证了该方法的有效性,可为机载SAR海浪参数反演业务化提供支持。     

凸起型螺旋导板扰流抑制试验研究

为深入研究安装螺旋导板的深水立管涡激振动规律,设计一种月牙凸起型螺旋导板抑振装置,月牙凸起采用橡胶材料,在凸起两端肋高最低处连接成螺旋状。通过变化螺旋导板的螺旋数、螺距及螺高等形状参数,在风-浪-流联合水槽中进行安装该抑振装置的立管涡激振动试验,研究该抑振装置对涡激振动的抑制效率及其对立管动力响应的影响规律。研究结果表明,凸起型螺旋导板可取得优异的抑制效率,有效地降低由漩涡脱落引起的横向振动幅值;随着螺旋数的增加,螺旋导板抑制效率有所提高,但增幅降低,增加螺距对抑制效率影响不大,而随着螺高的增加,抑制效率有较大增幅;同时该抑振装置能有效地扰乱立管振动的主导频率,各抑振立管模型在示波区间内基本没有出现明显的主导频率。     

半潜平台浮子式系泊系统参数优化研究

通过在系泊缆中设置浮子可以改善系泊系统性能,降低平台运动响应。建立浮子式系泊系统的数值计算模型,验证浮子式系泊系统数值计算方法,详细分析浮子设计参数(设置位置和净浮力大小)变化对系泊缆张力特性与平台运动的影响规律,并根据得到的规律选择了优化的浮子系泊系统方案。最后对优化方案进行评估,表明优化方案可以显著降低系泊中的平台水平运动,尤其是低频运动,同时系泊缆张力变化不大,仍满足安全要求。研究结果可为今后浮子式系泊系统设计提供参考。     

基于地化热解录井和电阻率测井技术的江苏G油田水淹层实验响应特征和评价方法

江苏G油田某断块储层采用注淡水方式驱油,采用电阻率测井技术划分水淹层比较困难,而地化热解录井技术不受地层水矿化度变化影响,可以区分油层/弱水淹层与中水淹层、强水淹层。在模拟断块储层条件下,选用孔隙度相近的7块岩样作为一组,采用稳态法油水同驱制作不同产水率样品,测量样品地化热解参数和电阻率;选取岩样含油气总量(P_g)、原油轻重组分指数(PS)作为断块地化热解水淹敏感性参数,选取RFOC-RILD和RILD作为断块测井水淹敏感性参数,采用地化热解图版将油层/弱水淹层、中水淹层、强水淹层区分开,再利用电阻率图版将油层和弱水淹层区分开,建立录测结合水淹层评价图版,图版精度为83%,明显高于地化热解录井水淹层划分图版精度和测井水淹层划分图版精度。结果表明:随着产水率(F_w)升高,P_g、液态烃含量(S1)和热解烃含量(S2)降低,且P_g降低更明显;当注入水矿化度与原始水矿化度比为0.5时,0≤F_w≤10%样品的电阻率明显高于其他产水率范围样品的电阻率。随着水淹程度的增强,井壁取心样品PS呈现明显减小的趋势。地化热解录井与电阻率测井技术结合的水淹层评价方法可更好地实现G油田4级水淹级别的精细划分与解释。