鄂尔多斯盆地东部马家沟组含钾蒸发岩系沉积机制及保存条件

鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起东侧奥陶系是海相固体钾盐矿的重要靶区。本文在岩心、测井和地震等资料的基础上,开展了该地区马家沟组中组合(马五~5~马五~(10)亚段)的沉积微相、蒸发岩分布、蒸发岩形成机制和保存条件研究。结果表明:马家沟组中组合总体为局限台地环境,可进一步划分出潮坪、潮缘滩、外潟湖、内潟湖等沉积微相,各微相沿古隆起呈环带状展布,内潟湖是含钾蒸发岩的主要形成环境;内潟湖沉积具有明显的旋回性,马五~6、马五~8、马五~(10)时期为海退蒸发环境,以蒸发岩和白云岩为主,马五~5、马五~7、马五~9时期为海侵环境,以灰岩为主;海退期,向心浓缩作用形成了大型米脂蒸发盐盆,进一步在"深水成盐"机制下沉积了大量厚层含钾蒸发岩系;岩溶地貌与含钾蒸发岩系分布的关系表明含钾蒸发岩系主体分布于岩溶盆地内幕。印支期岩溶作用的强度和深度分析进一步显示古岩溶作用在岩溶盆地范围内基本未破坏到马家沟组中组合的含钾蒸发岩系,具备了钾盐矿的沉积和保存条件。     

贵州唐房-舍居乐地区“地物化遥”综合找矿标志及铅锌矿成矿预测

本文系统总结分析唐房-舍居乐地区地物化遥测量成果,以地物化遥综合成矿信息为基础,以化探信息为先导,总结分析区内铅锌矿床成因及综合找矿标志,用证据找矿信息量加权模型进行成矿预测和矿产查证工作,于该区圈定了摆布卡、陈家屋基、银厂口子、银厂坡、大黑山、小石桥、黑桃坪、九股水8个铅锌矿找矿远景区,提出了下步工作建议。     

基于GIS的桂西-滇东南地区锰矿资源潜力评价

在桂西-滇东南锰矿成矿条件分析的基础上,利用GIS栅格空间分析方法构建了与锰矿成矿相关的沉积盆地、同沉积断裂、沉积相、地层、岩性组合、数字地形特征、航磁异常等地质变量。首先,利用多元线性回归分析方法预测了研究区各网格单元的锰矿资源量,通过地质变量的筛选和组合构建了候选资源量预测模型组,为每个预测单元选择最优模型开展资源量预测;其次,利用证据权重法估算了研究区各网格单元的成矿有利度,根据锰矿资源量与地质变量之间的线性关系是否显著来筛选证据因子,在对地质变量二值化构建证据因子时既考虑锰矿床(点)的"数",又考虑锰矿床(点)的"量";最后,对成矿有利度与锰矿资源量预测结果进行乘法运算得到综合预测图,并结合成矿地质环境圈定了预测远景区。     

松辽盆地嫩江组油页岩发育控制因素

松辽盆地嫩江组一段和二段发育的油页岩是极其优质烃源岩, 生物标志化合物参数指示油页岩母质生源主要来自于水生生物其繁盛受温湿气候和湖泊富营养化控制.岩石学、元素地球化学、生物标志化合物等参数表明, 高盐和缺氧条件下的稳定水体分层是嫩一段油页岩沉积时期有机质保存的主控因素, 而嫩二段油页岩沉积时期水体盐度分层明显减弱, 此时藻类个体增大和孤立藻数量增多条件下的高生物生产力有利于有机质富集.为揭示嫩江组不同沉积环境下油页岩发育的控制因素, 建立了嫩一段油页岩沉积时期保存条件控制和嫩二段油页岩沉积时期生物生产力控制的两种有机质富集模式, 这对含氧淡水大型陆相湖泊的有机质富集成因探讨具有重要借鉴意义.      

The Combined Effect of Tibetan Plateau Uplift and Glacial-Interglacial Cycles on the Quaternary Evolution of the East Asian Monsoon: Evidence from South China Sea Sediments

The siliciclastic sediments of the uppermost section of 185 mcd(meters composite depth) from ODP Site 1146 on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea(SCS) were partitioned according to their sources using end-member modeling on grain-size data. The goal was to evaluate the evolution of the East Asian monsoon over the past 2 million years. The siliciclastic sediments were described as hybrids of four end-members, EM1, EM2, EM3, and EM4, with modal grain sizes of 8–22 μm, 2–8 μm, 31–125 μm, and 4–11 μm, respectively. EM1 and EM3 are interpreted as eolian dust and EM2 and EM4 as fluvial mud. The ratio of eolian dust to fluvial mud((EM1+EM3)/(EM2+EM4)) is regarded as an indicator of the East Asian monsoon. The variation in this ratio not only shows periodical oscillations consistent with oxygen isotope stages, but also exhibits a phased increasing trend corresponding with the phased uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that the evolution of the East Asian Monsoon was controlled not only by glacial-interglacial cycles, but also by the phased uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau during the Quaternary.     

《Economic Geology》主编对中国矿床学界的建议

<正>究竟什么样的研究工作能算作是好研究?究竟什么样的研究成果能算作是好成果?在昆明召开的第十四届国际矿床成因协会(IAGOD)大会上,美国地质调查局矿产负责人、《Economic Geology》的现任主编劳伦斯·D.梅内尔特(Lawrence D.Meinert)就矿床学研究尤其是中国学者如何更好地提升研究水平给出了十分中肯的建议。劳伦斯说,投稿到《Economic Geology》的中国矿床学论文数量非常多,但很多论文一眼看过去就是"满满一堆数据",整篇文章也只是在分析这些数据的表面意思,并没有提出科学问     

基于证据权法的伊尔岗地块金矿成矿预测

在分析澳大利亚伊尔岗地块金矿床成矿特征的基础上,建立了区域金矿找矿模型,提取各类找矿信息,在GIS中构成了与成矿有关的容矿岩石、构造、岩浆岩、物探、化探异常等6个证据图层。用证据权法统计综合证据图层生成研究区成矿后验概率图。按照后验概率的相对大小划分出3级成矿远景区,共圈定3个Ⅰ级成矿远景区,为澳大利亚的金矿预测提供了有效方法。     

栉孔扇贝胚胎超低温液氮保存

选用两种低温保护剂配方，Ａ：１０％甘油＋４％葡萄糖；Ｂ：１５％ＤＭＳＯ（二甲基亚铜）＋４％葡萄糖＋２％柠檬酸盐，利用微机控制生物降温仪，对栉孔扇贝胚胎进行液氮低温保存。似１℃／ｍｉｎ由室温降温至－２０℃，接着以２０℃／ｍｉｎ降温至－８０℃，然后样品直接入液氮保存（－１９６℃），１周后，经４５℃水浴解冻，栉孔扇贝胚胎（发育６ｄ）的存活率达６５．１％（Ａ配方）和５６．５％（Ｂ配方）；而采用６℃／ｍｉｎ     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Quaternary volcanism from the islets in the eastern Beibu Gulf: evidence for Hainan plum

Some of the islets in the eastern Beibu Gulf are covered by Quaternary volcano strata. The rock samples from these islets mainly consist of quartz tholeiites （at Shenjiandao）, olivine tholeiites （at Linshidao and Xieyang- dao） and alkali basalts （at Yangpubi and Jianshidao）, and basically represent four periods of the Quaternary volcanism of Hainan Island and its adjacent regions. Except for the samples from Shenjiandao, most of the Quaternary volcanics of these islets belong to alkali magma series. The trace element characteristics of all of these samples show they are OIB （oceanic island basalt） -like, which implies that their deep geodynamic setting may be related to a mantle plume. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions show that the mantle source beneath the Quaternary strata can be regarded as a result of binary mixing between a depleted, DMM （de- pleted MORB mantle）-like source and an enriched mantle type 2 （EM2）. The EM2 may be originated from the Hainan mantle plume, and has been metasomatized by carbonaceous fluids released from ancient re- cycled oceanic crust at an asthenospheric mantle level. These features, together with typical trace element ratios, reflect that the parent magma was not subjected to crustal contamination during its ascent to the surface. This study provides further petrological and geochemical evidence for the existence of the Hainan mantle plume.     

生物硅早期成岩作用研究进展

硅质浮游生物是海洋初级生产力的主要提供者,其死亡后所产生的硅质残骸(生物硅)向海底的传输,是保持海洋硅循环动态平衡的重要环节。由于海洋沉积物中的硅质微体生物化石记录了古海洋初级生产力的变化及其时空分布,因而生物硅也成为古环境重建的重要替代指标。本文对生物硅在水柱沉降和表层沉积物埋藏过程中所发生的早期成岩转变及其主要影响因素进行了综述,为全面了解最近几十年来该领域的研究进展提供参考。