Thickness distribution and extent of sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and surrounding waters observed in 2012/2013 austral summer

Three ship-based observational campaigns were conducted to survey sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and the surrounding waters(64.40°S–69.40°S, 76.11°E–81.29°E) from 28 November 2012 to 3 February 2013. In this paper, we present the sea ice extent and its variation, and the ice and snow thickness distributions and their variations with time in the observed zone. In the pack ice zone, the southern edge of the pack ice changed little, whereas the northern edge retreated significantly during the two earlier observation periods. Compared with the pack ice, the fast ice exhibited a significantly slower variation in extent with its northernmost edge retreating southwards by 6.7 km at a rate of 0.37 km?d-1. Generally, ice showed an increment in thickness with increasing latitude from the end of November to the middle of December. Ice and snow thickness followed an approximate normal distribution during the two earlier observations(79.7±28.9 cm, 79.1±19.1 cm for ice thickness, and 11.6±6.1 cm, 9.6±3.4 cm for snow thickness, respectively), and the distribution tended to be more concentrated in mid-December than in late November. The expected value of ice thickness decreased by 0.6 cm, whereas that of snow thickness decreased by 2 cm from 28 November to 18 December 2012. Ice thickness distribution showed no obvious regularity between 31 January and 3 February, 2013.     

Status of the Recent Declining of Arctic Sea Ice Studies

In the past 30 years, a large-scale change occurred in the Arctic climatic system, which had never been observed before 1980s. At the same time, the Arctic sea ice experienced a special evolution with more and more rapidly dramatic declining. In this circumstance, the Arctic sea ice became a new focus of the Arctic research. The recent advancements about abrupt change of the Arctic sea ice are reviewed in this paper .The previous analyses have demonstrated the accelerated declining trend of Arctic sea ice extent in the past 30 years, based on in-situ and satellite-based observations of atmosphere, as well as the results of global and regional climate simulations. Especially in summer, the rate of decrease for the ice extents was above 10% per decade. In present paper, the evolution characteristics of the arctic sea ice and its possible cause are discussed in three aspects, i.e. the sea ice physical properties, the interaction process of sea ice, ocean and atmosphere and its response and feedback mechanism to global and arctic climate system.     

宁河断裂伪随机震源地震勘探

宁河断裂位于天津市宁河区北部,断裂走向近东西,倾向南,全长约26 km,调查发现宁河断裂浅部存在一系列隐伏断裂带.第四系内部地层上更新统、中更新统、下更新统及第四系和第三系地质界面存在明显波阻抗差异,具备开展伪随机震源地震勘探的条件.经现场地震波速测试,第四系松散沉积地层地震纵波波速1300~1500 m/s,基岩波速超过2000 m/s.伪随机震源组合、实时噪声压制、F-K滤波3项关键技术,成功解决了高干扰环境下地震勘探难题.宁河断裂由5条正断层组成,断裂带近东西向平行展布.钻探揭示宁河断裂上断点已经断至上更新统内部,距地表66.9 m.     

GPS用于地面沉降观测时间的探讨

通过分析已有监测数据,对比相同观测条件下不同观测时长的数据解算结果,验证了监测时长对监测结果的影响,提出了有利于地面沉降监测的最优观测时长,为制定下一步的监测工作方案提供参考。     

基于方差递推法的Kalman滤波在钟差预报中的应用

卫星导航系统中星载原子钟的钟差预报对于导航、定位及授时具有重要的作用。为了提高卫星钟差预报的精度,设计了一种两步确定卫星钟噪声协方差矩阵的Kalman滤波钟差预报模型。该方法首先基于Hadamard总方差确定卫星钟噪声协方差矩阵的初值,然后,使用方差递推法得到滤波过程中卫星钟的噪声协方差矩阵。使用GPS系统的星载铷钟数据进行短期预报,并与常用的二次多项式模型、灰色模型进行对比,结果表明:本文中提出的方法可以实现高精度的卫星钟差预报且预报效果优于两种常用模型,同时,该方法能够在一定程度上弥补预报误差随预报时间增加而不断变大的不足。     

伸臂式梁架墩塔高度量测工具制作研究

本文从本量测工具的原理入手,说明了工具的构造、制作过程、精确性控制,分析了该工具量测所有可能的误差及其数值以及总误差公式,并实际设置观测台,用一等水准与工具进行量测对比分析以论证该工具的可靠性。最终得出"本量测工具结构原理及方法功能可靠性好,制作简单,使用方便、快捷,量测精度高"的结论。     

基于Surfer与Grapher的沉降观测绘图分析

利用广州干部休养所周围建筑物沉降观测数据,基于Surfer与Grapher软件对观测数据进行了沉降观测可视化数据分析,分别绘制了沉降曲线图、同期等沉降曲线图与沉降三维图,采用定性与定量相结合的方法对沉降量进行了可视化分析。实验证明:基于Surfer与Grapher的沉降观测绘图,可进行多角度分析,三维效果好,为沉降观测数据分析提供了一个技术新视角。     

固体潮观测数据预处理中的常用方法及计算机实现

从地震台站产出的原始地形变前兆数据出发,提出实际操作性较强的预处理方法,从已编制好的软件中给出处理实例,从而提高地震台站观测人员的科研能力,填补资料预处理方面的某些空白,对于地震台站人员集观测、科研于一体有着十分重要的意义。从95-01-02项目厦门地震台前兆数据预处理的实践表明:这些方法取得了明显的实效,直到今天仍然具有很大的使用价值。     

矿井瞬变电磁法在峰峰某矿超前探测的实践分析

矿井瞬变电磁法作为煤矿防治水中最常用的物探方法,在实施过程中经常受到探测现场一些环境干扰因素的影响,降低了探测结果的准确度。以峰峰矿区为例,针对井下巷道中常见的干扰因素,通过现场对比分析总结得出以下经验：在井下金属环境设施中,探测地点的掘煤机、液压柱、底板上的钢轨等体积较大的金属良导体对瞬变电磁探测干扰严重,应尽量撤离或采取相应的措施避开,而锚杆、锚网、锚索、锚网带支护、工字钢等体积较小的金属物体对瞬变电磁探测的干扰较小,在实际应用时可以忽略不计。通过排除干扰等措施,利用多种观测系统所探测的成果进行综合分析、相互验证,可以提高物探资料解释的准确度,对煤矿的防治水工作起到有效的指导作用。