MODIS光谱指数在中国西南干旱监测中的应用

利用标准化降雨指数SPI比较了基于MODIS反射率数据提取的8种光谱指数(NDVI、NDWI、VARI、EVI、NDIIB6、NDIIB7、D1640和SR)对中国西南四省市(四川、重庆、云南和贵州)2000年—2012年典型干旱事件的反映。研究结果表明:(1)SPI指数能直接反映监测站点附近的干旱情况,其中3个月和6个月尺度的SPI(SPI3和SPI6)对2006年和2009年—2010年该区的特大干旱事件的监测效果较好;(2)除了D1640外,其余7种光谱指数的距平值与3个月尺度的SPI3都具有显著的相关性,其中NDIIB7、NDIIB6和VARI与SPI3的相关性较高(R0.3),在一定程度上可以表征中国西南地区的干旱状况;(3)MODIS NDIIB7距平值与3个月尺度的SPI3相关性最高(R=0.35),本文以其为例,再现了云贵高原2009年—2010年特大持续干旱事件的时空演变过程。     

Anthropogenic Effect on Deposition Dynamics of Lake Sediments Based on ~（137）Cs and ~（210）Pb_（ex） Techniques in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve,China

Radionuclide dating techniques characterized by137Cs and210Pbex have recently been applied in the study of lake sediments around the world.In this study,a chronological series of sediment cores was established based on137Cs and210Pbex analyses along with the evaluation of sediment properties,such as particle size distribution,total organic carbon(TOC),carbonate content,and acid-insoluble residue,to study sediment accumulation rates,sediment sources,and responses to human activities in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve in southwestern China.In terms of the particle size distribution of sediments,silt content was the highest,and clay and sand contents were relatively low.The sediments displayed high TOC contents because of the significant amounts of vegetation grown in the lakes.The carbonate content was also high due to the overall geological background of carbonates in Jiuzhaigou.Carbonate content tended to decline from top to bottom in the sediment cores,whereas the acid-insoluble residue tended to increase.These results suggested that the depth variation of the environmental parameters of the sediments in two lakes in Jiuzhaigou would correspond to each other.The results indicated that the sediment rate of Jiuzhaigou was generally high with strong siltation,indicating that serious soil loss was induced by intensive human activities in the basin over the past decades.The increases in the mass accumulation rate,contents of acid-insoluble residue,and mean particle size during the periods of 1840–1900s,late 1930s–early 1950s,1966–1978,and2003–2006 revealed the occurrence of severe soil and water loss as a result of extensive agricultural expansion,large-scale deforestation,and road construction in Jiuzhaigou.The deposition rate and the properties of lacustrine sediments could reflect the significant impact of human activities on lake sedimentation during Jiuzhaigou′s history.     

中缅天然气管道干线全线建成投产

正中国石油天然气集团公司近日宣布,来自缅甸孟加拉湾的天然气在广西贵港市点燃,这标志着中缅天然气管道干线全线建成投产。今后,每年将有120亿立方米天然气造福缅甸和我国西南地区,从此结束我国云贵高原没有管道天然气的历史,使上亿民众受益,每年可替代煤炭3072万吨,减少二氧化碳等排放5283多万吨。工程建设带动沿线直接投资超过1000     

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 文科综合能力测试(课标甲卷 地理)

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North Atlantic forcing of autumn drought in Southwest China

干旱持续时间长,因此往往和缓慢变化的海温异常相关.本文利用观测降水和NCEP-DOE再分析资料,探讨了北大西洋中高纬地区东北-西南走向的偶极子海温异常对我国西南地区秋季干旱的影响.结果 显示该偶极子海温异常可激发向东南方向传播的Rossby波,在印度北部和青藏高原西部引起正压气旋性环流和上升运动异常,并在我国西南地区引...     

西南地区城市化进程加剧局地气象条件的空间差异

土地利用覆被变化对于局地气象条件的演变具有重要影响.在过去几十年我国西南地区经历了较为明显的土地利用变化,而该区域土地利用转变背景下局地气象要素的时空差异尚缺乏定量研究.本文利用中国多时期土地利用土地覆被遥感监测数据集(CNLUCC)以及中国区域地面气象要素驱动数据集(CMFD),基于土地利用转移矩阵和距平分析方法,量...     

浅析2013年高考全国课标卷第36题

题目（2013全国新课标第36题）阅读图文资料,完成下列要求。居住在成都的小明和小亮在“寻找最佳避寒地”的课外研究中发现,有“百里钢城”之称的攀枝花1月平均气温达13．6℃（昆明为7．7℃,成都为5．5℃）,是长江流域冬季的“温暖之都”。图7a示意攀枝花在我国西南地区的位置,图7b示意攀枝花周边地形。     

西南地区空中云水量分布特征及变化趋势

为了能更好的合理开发空中水资源,采用NCEP 1980~2009年云水量的逐月再分析资料,通过统计和EOF分析等方法,研究了30年来西南地区(云南、贵州、重庆、四川)云水量的时空分布特征和变化趋势。结果表明:西南地区年和季节云水量分布均具有明显的地区性差异,东南多,西北少,最小值出现在四川西部高原地区;云水量在夏季最多,春季略高于秋季,冬季最少;逐月云水量呈近似的正态分布,1月到6月逐渐增加,7月到12月逐渐减少;西南地区云水量的空间变化既存在南部与北部相反的变化趋势,也存在整体一致型。     

中国西南汛期降水的振动和分布及其与印度洋海温异常的关系

用自然正交函数展开方法对1961－1995年西南汛期（6－8月）降水大尺度变化特征进行了分析，并在此基础上用典型相关分析方法研究了1－8月印度洋海温距平场与西南汛期降水场的遥相关分布特征，结果表明：西南汛期降水的地域差异显著，年际和年代际变化明显，其变化与印度洋海温变化有一定联系，分析还进一步表明，当印度洋海温呈某种特定的配置时，特别是南印度洋中西部海温的异常变化对西南汛期降水的发觉分布有一定作用，揭示了印度洋海温变化在西南汛期降水异常分布中的信号现象，说明特定的印度洋海温分布可以作为西南汛期旱涝预报的信号因子。     

Seismic motion attenuation relations in Si-chuan and adjacent areas

The Sichuan and adjacent areas is divided into southwest China region (SWCR) and Sichuan Basin region (SCBR) according to tectonic backgrounds and seismic damage distribution features. 96 modern destructive earthquakes in SWCR and 40 in SCBR are gathered respectively. All their magnitude parameters are checked. Based on the statis-tic relations between epicentral intensity and magnitude as well as relation between sensible radius and magnitude, the near and far field seismic intensity attenuation features are represented and controlled. And then the seismic intensity attenuation relations along major axis, minor axis and mean axis are established separately. The system-atic deviations of surface wave magnitude between China seismograph network and U.S. seismograph network are considered in this paper. By making use of the new attenuation relations of bedrock horizontal ground acceleration response spectrum in west U.S., the attenuation relations of bedrock horizontal ground acceleration response spec-trum in SWCR and SCBR are digital transformed based on the attenuation model considering acceleration satura-tion of distance and magnitude in near field.