今年浒苔到哪了?

2019年6月24日,自然资源部北海局根据23日大型藻类监测结果,依据《绿潮灾害应急执行预案(2017年修订版)》,启动绿潮灾害二级应急响应,开展卫星、无人机、船舶、岸站、浮标等多手段的立体化、全天候监测体系,全面监测绿潮发展、消亡和影响情况。6月27日,北海局派“向阳红52”船执行浒苔监测任务,监测人员乘船赴青岛崂山头和黄海千里岩海域现场监测浒苔。截至目前,黄渤海浒苔绿潮分布面积已超过5万平方千米,覆盖面积约477平方千米。     

2008—2017年泉州市沿海赤潮灾害特征分析

文章对泉州市沿海2008—2017年发生的15起赤潮灾害进行综合分析,结果表明：①赤潮平均每年发生1.5起,发生面积31.0 km2,发生天数7 d,从赤潮发生次数、发生面积和发生天数来看,后5年（2013—2017年）较之前5年（2008—2012年）,呈明显的上升趋势;赤潮的主要发生期为4—9月,暴发高峰期为5—6月;平均每次赤潮持续时间为4.7 d;②引发赤潮的藻类有9种,其中硅藻门（Bacillariophyta）4种,甲藻门（Dinophyta）4种,金藻门（Chrysophyta）1种,引发赤潮次数最多的是夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）和米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）;引发赤潮的藻类具有演替规律,不断有新的藻类引发赤潮;每种硅藻赤潮均只发生过1起,甲藻引发赤潮次数最多,金藻赤潮发生天数最多,面积最大;③有毒赤潮共发生6起,其中米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）和链状裸甲藻（Gymnodinium catenatum）赤潮严重危害人类健康和水产养殖业;④赤潮分布范围广,主要发生在惠安县海域和石狮市海域。通过全面分析近10年泉州市沿海赤潮的基本特征,为泉州市赤潮的预警预报工作提供科学依据。     

苏北浅滩营养盐的分布特征与控制因素

本文根据2017年3、5、9月对苏北浅滩海域3个航次的调查数据,分析了调查海域溶解态营养盐的浓度与时空分布特征,并探讨了影响苏北浅滩营养盐分布变化的控制因素及其与浒苔暴发之间的关系。结果表明NO^-₃-N从3月至5月平均浓度略微降低,而9月NO^-₃-N平均浓度又降低至17.5μmol/L;PO₄^3--P、SiO₃^2--Si平均浓度从3月到5月再到9月均先降低后升高。NH⁺₄-N平均浓度从3月的2.38μmol/L上升至5月的7.44μmol/L,整个调查海域浓度较高,尤其是南部海域,9月又下降至1.28μmol/L。5和9月DON平均浓度显著低于3月。苏北浅滩海域NO^-₃-N、PO₄^3--P、SiO₃^2--Si浓度均呈现由近岸向远岸梯度递减的...     

三门湾主要经济贝类胃含物中微、小型藻类组成

本文对采自三门湾泥滩、沙滩、岩礁潮间带的主要经济贝类彩虹明樱蛤、缢蛏、僧帽牡蛎、青蚶、光滑河篮蛤胃含物中的微、小型藻类组成进行了鉴定分析。结果表明, 5种经济贝类胃含物中共鉴定出微、小型藻类143种,其中,硅藻占75.5%;甲藻占12.6%;绿藻门和金藻门占5.6%;蓝藻门和隐藻占4.2%;其他类占2.1%。胃含物中出现的细胞个体中,小于20μm的主要微型藻类是中肋骨条藻、盔状舟形藻、尤氏直链藻、小环藻、海链藻等;细胞个体大于20μm的主要小型藻类是琼氏圆筛藻、海生斑条藻、短柄曲壳藻、钝角齿状藻等。     

不同岩性盐湖沉积物中挥发性有机质的特征

本研究通过不同岩性盐湖沉积物中C/N值,确定其有机质的来源均为藻类,然后采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱（GC-IMS）联用技术对不同岩性盐湖沉积物中的挥发性有机质进行了研究。结果显示不同岩性沉积物的挥发性有机质虽然来源相同,但是其种类和含量存在显著差异。在砂岩沉积物中,检测出16种挥发性有机质,而石盐中共检测出30种挥发性有机质。其砂岩样品中未检测出酯类化合物,而检测出的醛类、酮类、醇类以及呋喃类化合物的含量均比石盐中的含量要小,硫化物的含量与石盐中的含量差距较小,但砂岩中酸类物质的含量比石盐中高。这可能是由于在不同沉积时期,湖泊中生产有机质的藻类物质的种类和含量的不同,以及在早期成岩过程中沉积环境对有机质的保存和降解不同所造成的。本文为下一步深入研究挥发性有机质在盐湖沉积物中的地质意义提供了理论指导。     

福建沿岸海域主要赤潮生物的生态学特征

福建沿岸海域是中国的赤潮多发海区之一.据统计,1962～2008年间,福建沿岸海域共发生赤潮180起以上,潜在的赤潮生物有124种,已经引发过赤潮的种类有27种.本文对中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、角毛藻（Chaetocerosspp.）、夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）、东海原甲藻（Proro-centrum donghaiense）、米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）、裸甲藻（Gymnodinium spp.）和球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）等福建沿岸海域主要赤潮生物的生态学特征和发生原因进行了分析和探讨,评述了福建沿岸海域赤潮发生的特点.福建沿岸海域引发赤潮频率最高的赤潮生物是夜光藻,米氏凯伦藻造成的水产养殖损失最大.其赤潮多发季节在春夏季的4～7月.其赤潮多发区主要分布在3个区域：宁德沿岸海域（以四礵列岛为中心）、厦门西港海域和平潭沿岸海域.对福建沿岸海域几种主要赤潮生物的研究表明,赤潮的发生与水温、盐度、气象、水动力、营养盐等环境条件密切相关.     

日本从藻类中高效提取“绿色原油”

湖沼中大量的微小藻类是污染水质的潜在威胁,而日本专家却将其变废为宝,开发出可高效、低成本从这些藻类中提取“绿色原油”的新技术。据共同社近日报道,浮游藻类具有很强的吸收二氧化碳并合成有机物的能力,有望作为生物燃料的原料。然而,蒸发浮游藻类所含的大量水分需要消耗大量能源,因此利用浮游藻类生产生物燃料尚缺乏可行性。     

Application of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae

The toxicity of seven major HAB (harmful algal bloom) species/strains, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Phaeocystis globosa, Prorocentrum micans, Alexandrium tamarense (AT-6, non-PSP producer), Alexandrium lusitanicum, Alexandrum tamarense (ATHK) and Heterosigma akashiwo were studied against rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under laboratory conditions. The results show that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6), or A. lusitanicum could maintain the individual survival and reproduction, as well as the population increase of the rotifer, but the individual reproduction would decrease when exposed to these five algae at higher densities for nine days; H. akashiwo could decrease the individual survival and reproduction, as well as population increase of the rotifer, which is similar to that of the starvation group, indicating that starvation might be its one lethal factor except for the algal toxins; A. tamarense (ATHK) has strong lethal effect on the rotifer with 48h LC₅₀ at 800 cells/mL. The experiment on ingestion ability indicated by gut pigment change shows that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6) and A. lusitanicum can be taken by the rotifers as food, but A. tamarense (ATHK) or H. akashiwo can be ingested by the rotifers. The results indicate that all the indexes of individual survival and reproduction, population increase, gut pigment change of the rotifers are good and convenient to be used to reflect the toxicities of HAB species. Therefore, rotifer is suggested as one of the toxicity testing organisms in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae. Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-208), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40821004, U0733006) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2001CB409700)     

Experimental Study on the Interspecific Interactions Between the Two Bloom-Forming Algal Species and the Rotifer Brachionusplicatilis

The interspecific interactions between the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and two harmful algal blooms （HAB） species were investigated experimentally by single culture method. B. plicatilis population and the growth of the two algae were compared at different algal cell densities. The results demonstrated that the B. plicatilis obtained sufficient nutrition from Prorocentrum donghaiense to support net population increase. With exposure to 2.5×10^4 cells mL^-1 of P. donghaiense, the number of B. plicatilis increased faster than it did when exposed to other four algal densities （5, 10, 15 and 20 × 10^4 cells mL^-1）, and the increase rate of B. plicatilis population （r） at this algal density was 0.104 ± 0.015 rd^-1. Cell densities of P. donghaiense decreased due to the grazing of B plicatilis. In contrast, Heterosigma akashiwo had an adverse effect on B. plicatilis population and its growth was largely unaffected by rotifer grazing. In this case, B. plicatilis population decreased and H. akashiwo grew at a rate similar to that of the control.     

Experimental Study on the Interspecific Interactions Between the Two Bloom-Forming Algal Species and the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

The interspecific interactions between the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and two harmful algal blooms(HAB) species were investigated experimentally by single culture method. B. plicatilis population and the growth of the two algae were compared at different algal cell densities. The results demonstrated that the B. plicatilis obtained sufficient nutrition from Prorocentrum donghaiense to support net population increase. With exposure to 2.5×104 cells mL-1 of P. donghaiense,the number of B. plicatilis increa...