方斑东风螺对饲料中铜的需要量

以硫酸铜为铜源,在基础饲料中分别添加0、1、3、5、8、12和20 mg/kg的铜,配制出铜质量分数为1.2、2.1、3.9、6.2、9.0、13.4、20.5 mg/kg的7种实验饲料,投喂方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)8周,研究方斑东风螺对铜的需要量(养殖水体中铜质量浓度为2.91μg/L)。结果表明:饲料铜含量对方斑东风螺生长性能、饲料系数(FCR)和蛋白质效率(PER)影响无统计学意义(P0.05);螺软体部总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-ZnSOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和铜ATP转运酶(Cu-ATPase)活力随着饲料铜水平的增加而增加,分别在饲料铜水平为6.2、3.9、6.2和6.2 mg/kg达到最大值;饲料铜质量分数超过9.0 mg/kg时,螺软体部铜含量随着饲料铜水平的增加而增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),各组螺壳中铜含量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。以总SOD、CAT和Cu-ZnSOD活力为指标,运用折线模型分析,得出方斑东风螺对铜的需要量分别为5.83、5.61和5.87 mg/kg。     

松江鲈鱼人工配合饲料投喂实验研究

2013年4月29日至2013年11月21日全部采用人工配合饲料对松江鲈鱼仔、幼鱼进行了投喂研究,在水温18.2~22.6℃的室内循环水中,松江鲈鱼通过升索S1~S8苗种料投喂,体重由平均0.084g/尾增至23.55g/尾,体长由平均1.95cm增至12.45cm;最大个体体长14cm,体质量33.5g;最小体长8cm,体质量14.5g。研究表明:仔鱼开口摄食外源性营养时,应以投喂卤虫幼虫为主,逐步减少卤虫幼虫,增加S1人工饲料,直至养到2cm左右,全部采用人工配合饲料喂养松江鲈鱼达到成熟规格完全可行,其平均日增长量0.115g/尾,饲料系数平均为1.1,总特定生长率(SGR)为2.76%d~(-1)。期间定时测定养殖水体的温度、pH、盐度、DO、COD、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐等水质指标均在正常范围内。实验还表明,在盐度范围20.3~27.1的条件下松江鲈鱼可以养至成熟规格。     

Layered farming for Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate

Marsupenaeusjaponicus Bate is one of the most valuable cultured shrimp species in China and outdoor earthen pond farming is the most common method of culturing this organism. The need to increase soil usage efficiency in aquaculture has been recognized and a great deal of research effort has been directed toward development of super-intensive farming systems. However, current research and development in this field is largely devoted to Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, while to M.japonicus Bate it has been neglected. In this study, a layered fanning system was designed and a 66-day study was conducted in M.japonicus Bate culture. The system comprised bracket and sand layers that divided a shrimp tank filled to a depth of 1.2 m into four water layers. Conventional tank culture （unlayered） was used as a control. The results show that survival rate, feed conversion efficiency and production of M.japonicus Bate in the layered farming system were 68%, 18%, and 0.59 kg/m^2, respectively, all of which are significantly higher than in the unlayered fanning system （P〈0.01）. These findings confirmed the possibility of using a layered system to culture M. japonicus Bate.     

Influence of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA on growth,nutritional composition and immune function in marine fish Sebastiscus marmoratus

A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 LC-PUFA) on growth, nutritional composition and immune function of marine fish Sebastiscus marmoratus. Five diets containing 3.6, 10.2, 18.2, 26.5, or 37.0 g/kg n-3 LC-PUFA were prepared. The results reveal significant influences of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA on the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and condition factor. As dietary n-3 LCPUFA increased, weight gain and specific growth rate increased and were significantly higher in groups fed 18.2, 26.5 and 37.0 g/kg than in groups fed 3.6 and 10.2 g/kg( P 0.05); there was no significant difference between groups fed 18.2, 26.5, or 37.0 g/kg( P 0.05). With increasing dietary n-3 LC-PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexenoic acid content in muscle and liver increased significantly, immunoglobulin class M content gradually increased from 9.1 to 14.8 μg/L, and lysozyme activity content increased from 1355 to 2268 U/mL. Broken line model analysis according to weight gain indicated that a dietary n-3 LC-PUFA level of 18.2 g/kg is essential for normal growth at a fat level of 125 g/kg. Therefore, appropriate dietary n-3 LC-PUFA not only promote growth and improve the n-3 LC-PUFA content, but also enhance immune function in S. marmoratus.     

饲料添加不同脂肪及蛋白质水平对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)生长性能、体成分及消化酶活力的影响

本实验以64d为限,设A1(34%),A2(38%),A3(42%)三个蛋白梯度水平和B1(5%),B2(8%),B3(11%)三个脂肪梯度水平,采用正交试验方法研究了饲料中不同脂肪及蛋白质水平对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)[平均体重(0.69±0.23)g]生长性能、体成分和消化酶活力的影响。结果表明,脂肪和蛋白质水平对日本沼虾成活率影响不显著(P0.05),脂肪水平对32d相对增重率和特定生长率影响显著(P0.05)。B3组的特定生长率和相对增重率均显著低于B1和B2组(P0.05)。全虾和肌肉的脂肪含量显著地受饲料脂肪水平的影响(P0.05)。饲料中蛋白质水平对全虾的干物质、蛋白质和灰分含量,以及肌肉中脂肪、蛋白质含量影响显著(P0.05)。饲料脂肪水平对肝胰脏中脂肪酶活力影响显著(P0.05),蛋白水平对肝胰脏中脂肪酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力影响不显著(P0.05)。本文认为日本沼虾饲料脂肪水平应以5%—8%较为合适,蛋白质水平应在38%左右较为合适。     

不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼幼鱼血细胞发生的影响

以全鱼粉作为唯一蛋白源(D1),用豆粕替代10%、20%鱼粉(D2、D3),玉米蛋白粉替代10%鱼粉(D4),啤酒酵母替代10%鱼粉(D5),配制5组等氮等能饲料,每种饲料设置3个实验组,进行56 d的养殖实验。通过血液和组织涂(印)片、细胞染色和显微观察,研究人工培育的褐点石斑鱼幼鱼外周血液白细胞的分类组成,头肾、脾脏、体肾和肝脏等4种组织中各类血细胞的发生情况,以及不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼血细胞发生的影响。结果表明:褐点石斑鱼外周血液中的白细胞由淋巴细胞(53.30%±4.66%)、血栓细胞(35.69%±3.85%)、嗜中性粒细胞(10.34%±3.14%)、单核细胞(0.28%±0.36%)、浆细胞(0.24%±0.34%)和嗜酸性粒细胞(0.15%±0.27%)组成;组织印迹片中,未成熟的红细胞、淋巴细胞和粒细胞主要在头肾印迹片中出现,未成熟的单核细胞主要在头肾和脾脏印迹片中出现,血栓细胞在肝脏印迹片中数量最多,推断褐点石斑鱼幼鱼主要的造血组织是头肾,其次是脾脏;在4种组织中均观察到浆细胞,在体肾印迹片中观察到嗜碱性粒细胞,在肝脏印迹片中观察到巨噬细胞,在头肾印迹片中还观察到巨大原红细胞。显微观察和数据统计分析的结果都表明,投喂5种蛋白源不同的配合饲料,未对褐点石斑鱼4种组织中血细胞的发生情况造成显著影响。     

广西天然矿物饲料资源及其开发利用可能性的初步研究

本文在综合资料的基础上,重点评价了广西境内适宜畜禽饲料添加用的主要天然矿物资源的种类、数量、质量、分布及开采技术条件,论述了开发利用广西天然矿物饲料资源的可行性和必要性。并选择了岑溪县沸石、桂平县麦饭石进行畜禽喂养对比试验:在猪饲料中添加3—5％沸石粉,平均日增重提高0.5—7.7％,饲料转化率提高3.7—5.0％,每头猪可增加收入8—14.6元;添加1％沸石、麦饭石复合剂,猪平均日增重提高11.9％,饲料转化率提高1.9％,每头猪可增加收入10.65元;在鸡饲料中添加3％麦饭石粉,不影响肉鸡的增重和肉质,并可提高饲料报酬,每百公斤饲料成本下降2.70元。开发利用天然矿物饲料资源,在技术上是可行的,在经济上是可取的。     

阿兹海默症治疗取得重大进展

目前，阿兹海默症在全世界大约有2600万病患；专家估计到2050年，这一数字将增至1亿6D0万。人类对阿兹海默症治疗的探索从未停止过。最近阿兹海默症的治疗又取得重大进展。英国阿伯丁大学的一项研究结果显示，药物Rember可显著减慢阿兹海默症的发展，其药效至少相当于目前药物的2倍。阿兹海默症患者每日服用3次Rember，坚持50周后，患者的记忆衰退速度明显减缓。专家对这项研究大加赞扬，认为这一进展“前所未有”。     

示波极谱法连测预混合饲料中的铅和镉

研究了示波吸附催化极谱法测定预混合饲料中铅和镉及样品的前期处理和条件试验。结果表明方法的精密度RSD≤7.9%,方法检出限Pb 0.04ug.ml^-1，Cd 0.005ug.ml^-1，标准回收率为93%-106%，其方法具有良好的应用效果。