基于结构模式的道路网节点匹配方法

针对道路网交叉口的结构形态特点,提出一种基于结构模式的道路网节点匹配方法。首先识别道路网中的复杂道路和交叉口模式来统一道路结构;然后通过道路交叉口的结构化描述,提取每个道路节点的局部网络模式特征;对于待匹配的道路节点,寻找对应结构模式间的最大公共子网,并计算节点之间的形态相似性,在形态相似性的基础上进行道路节点的匹配;最后通过稳健估计的方法剔除错误的结构匹配。试验表明,该方法提取的局部网络结构模式能够有效地用于道路网的匹配,对于数据定位精度差异较大、甚至不同坐标系下的数据都能得到较好的匹配结果。     

大湄公河次区域宏观地貌形态类型划分研究

本文基于ArcMap数据处理和分析平台,以90m分辨率的SRTM-4 DEM为数据源,对大湄公河次区域GMS的宏观地貌形态类型进行定性和定量分析。参考坡度分类标准和《1∶400万中国及其毗邻地区地貌图》地貌形态类型划分的海拔高度和地势起伏度标准,结合GMS东南亚5国和中国2省的特殊地貌形态,采用海拔高度和地势起伏度组合的阈值划分方法,生成包含7种地貌形态类型的分类图。结果显示:海拔1900m以下的地貌类型所占比例最大;GMS以山地地貌为主。     

黄土震陷研究及相关问题探讨

The research and achievements made on seismic subsidence of loess, obtained over the past 30 years, were reviewed. Seismic Subsidence of Loess （SSL） has been verified by microstructure characteristics, dynamic triaxial experiments, and in-situ explosion tests, and has become an important subject in the field of seismic loess engineering research. While, the research is still in the stage of theoretical study of saturated soil, and there are no representative cases of seismic subsidence of loess in historical earthquakes. It is difficult to express structure characteristics using microstructure morphology. While, soil mechanics are available methods for this. Seismic subsidence judgment is absolute in some certain value ranges for several parameters. Therefore, probabilistic judgment should be developed. The seismic subsidence ratio is estimated mostly by empirical formulas or semi- empirical and semi-theoretical formulas, which are based on laboratory data. These formulas are not established on the basis of physical process and mechanics of seismic subsidence, and this leads to more variables, complicated computation, and poor practicability. To solve these problems, we need to distinguish the main factors and corresponding variables, to establish a mechanics model for seismic subsidence estimation, and to characterize its physio-mechanical process. The key of anti-seismic subsidence treatment is to reduce the seismic subsidence property of soils, and to lower the interaction between the soil body and underground structures.     

不同剪跨比下型钢再生混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究型钢再生混凝土柱的破坏形态和抗震性能,进行了4个不同剪跨比的型钢再生混凝土柱低周反复荷载试验,观察了其受力过程及破坏形态,分析了剪跨比对柱的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、承载力、延性、耗能及刚度退化等力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:根据剪跨比的不同,型钢再生混凝土柱的破坏形态主要为剪切斜压破坏、弯剪破坏以及弯曲破坏.随着剪跨比的增大,试件水平承载力降低,但滞回曲线愈加饱满,承载力下降越缓慢,刚度退化速率越慢,延性及耗能越好.总体上看,剪跨比较大试件的抗震性能较好,可以用于实际工程.     

2D磁异常分步反演方法分析研究

2D磁异常分步反演方法是利用二维(剖面)磁测数据确定场源几何参数以及物性参数的一种反演方法,该方法的优点是构造的形态函数S不受场源磁化特征的影响,因此可以在未知场源物性参数的前提下,通过拟合依次反演得到磁性源形体横截面几何参数、磁化强度以及磁化方向.本文阐述了2D磁异常分步反演方法的原理及步骤,对形态函数S的特征及求取方法进行了讨论,分析了区域背景干扰(正常场)对反演结果的影响并提出了初步解决方案.在方法研究的基础上,进行了单一理论模型及组合理论模型的试算,得到了较好的反演结果.为了验证该方法的效果,对实测剖面进行了试算,得到了场源的边界及场源埋深信息,为进一步反演提供了有用的参考.     

低碳视角下城市空间形态紧凑度研究

全球气候变化背景下,构建功能紧凑的低碳城市空间形态已成为世界各地城市实现低碳化可持续发展的主要途径之一。但目前的城市形态研究主要集中在城市外部空间,缺乏对城市内部功能空间紧凑度的量化。从实现低碳城市的视角,提出了城市内部功能空间形态紧凑度的量化指标,用以探讨实现低碳城市的城市空间形态特征;以商业、医疗、教育和文化娱乐等4种重要服务设施布局为基础,构建了城市功能空间紧凑度指数,对不同规模、不同地理条件类型的8个案例城市进行定量研究,实证了城市内部“功能空间紧凑度”指标较城市外部“形态紧凑度”指标能够更好的反映城市形态的紧凑性内涵,适用于评价各类城市空间形态的低碳发展模式。     

“河流地貌的发育”同课异构教学设计的比较分析

正以下两节教学设计是节选自"国培计划(2012)"培训团队(地理学科)研修项目在华中师大一附中举行的一次同课异构活动。教学设计一是由华中师大一附中的龙泉老师设计,教学设计二是由山西省晋中市教育局教研室尹宏伟老师所设计,对比如下。     

新疆策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带花花柴(Karelinia caspica)沙堆的形态特征

通过野外调查花花柴(Karelinia caspica)植株及其沙堆形态指标,应用统计学原理和方法,分析了绿洲-沙漠过渡带花花柴沙堆的形态特征及沙堆与植株形态间的关系,初步估算了花花柴植株可固定的沙量.结果表明:(1)花花柴沙堆形态依据其发育时期的不同主要分为早期的盾形沙堆和较稳定时期的半球形沙堆.盾形沙堆的长度与宽度、底面积与高度间均呈直线线性相关,半球形沙堆则呈二次线性相关.盾形沙堆在向半球形沙堆发育的过程中,沙堆长度缩短,但是其高度、宽度以及体积仍随着植物的生长而不断地增长.(2)沙堆的发育与植株的形态有显著的相关关系.早期发育的盾形沙堆长度约为植株长度的2倍,体积为植株体积的1.5倍,半球状沙堆的长度和体积均约为植株的0.5倍左右.(3)通过估算,在策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带上,花花柴草丛沙堆体积可达约50 000m3·kmm-2,表明花花柴沙堆截留了绿洲外围大量的流沙,是绿洲的重要屏障.     

The morphological characteristics of glacial deposits during the Last Glaciation, taking the Parlung Zangbo River Basin as an example

Moraine morphology is a valuable indicator of climate change. The glacial deposits of ten valleys were selected in the Parlung Zangbo River Basin, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, to study the glacial characteristics of the Last Glaciation and the climate change processes as revealed by these moraines. Investigation revealed that a huge moraine ridge was formed by ancient glacier in the Marine Isotope Stage 2 （MIS2）, and this main moraine ridge indicates the longest sustained and stable climate. There are at least two smaller moraine ridges that are external extensions of or located at the bottom of the main moraine ridge, indicating that the climate of the glacial stage before MIS2 was severer but the duration was relatively shorter. This distribution may reflect the climate of MIS4 or MIS3b. The glacial valleys show multi-channel, small-scale moraine ridges between the contemporary glacial tongue and the main moraine ridge. Some of these multi-channel mo- raine ridges might be recessional moraine, indicating the significant glacial advance during the Younger Dryas or the Heinrich event. The moraine ridges of the Neoglaciation and the Little Ice Age are near the ends of the contemporary glaciers. Using high-precision system dating, we can fairly well reconstruct the pattern of climate change by studying the shape, extent, and scale characteristics of glacial deposits in southeastern Tibet. This is valuable research to understand the relationship between regional and global climate change.     

黄河万家寨水利枢纽淤积形态分析

以万家寨水利枢纽2000年至2010年泥沙淤积测量资料为基础,通过分析近年泥沙淤积变化情况及目前水库横、纵断面形态,得出万家寨水库目前纵向淤积为三角洲淤积形态淤积,主要表现为:淤积位于966 m以下,横向淤积坝前段淤积面平行抬高,库尾段近年来有明显冲刷。