《北江盆地——宗族、聚落的形态与发生史研究》评述

钟翀先生的《北江盆地——宗族、聚落的形态与发生史研究》一书,于2011 年5 月由商务印书馆出版。全书立足于历史地理学视角和方法,围绕“东南中国宗族聚落”这一传统命题,以浙东一个小型红土盆地为案例,细致而翔实地展开研究。该书在观察视角、研究方法、基本论断等方面,都具有相当的启发意义。     

Retrieving soil water contents from soil temperature measurements by using linear regression

A simple linear regression method is developed to retrieve daily averaged soil water content from diurnal variations of soil temperature measured at three or more depths. The method is applied to Oklahoma Mesonet soil temperature data collected at the depths of 5, 10, and 30 cm during 11-20 June 1995. The retrieved bulk soil water contents are compared with direct measurements for one pair of nearly collocated Mesonet and ARM stations and also compared with the retrievals of a previous method at 14 enhanced Oklahoma Mesonet stations. The results show that the current method gives more persistent retrievals than the previous method. The method is also applied to Oklahoma Mesonet soil temperature data collected at the depths of 5, 25, 60, and 75 cm from the Norman site during 20-30 July 1998 and 1-31 July 2000. The retrieved soil water contents are verified by collocated soil water content measurements with rms differences smaller than the soil water observation error (0.05m~3 m~(-3)). The retrievals are     

Forward Modeling of Different Types of Landslides with Multi-electrode Electric Method

Multi-electrode Electric Method (MEM) is an effective tool in landslide survey. A suitable working scheme in-situ and the corresponding data interpretation approach are the fundamentals for obtaining believable results. Finite element 2D forward modeling was conducted on four types of standard electric models; respectively named the homogeneous soil landside, bedding landside, sliderock landside, and beveling landside; under the utilizations of four different types of electrode arrays;respectively namely the Wenner array, Schlumberger array, dipole-dipole array and pole-pole array.The capacities of different arrays and the resistivity responses of different types of sliding faces were determined based on the resultant standard electric profiles. An innovative data processing procedure called the ratio parameter method was proposed for locating sliding faces under complex geological conditions. A series of case histories for landside survey were given.     

滇西昌宁—孟连带南部孟连—曼信地区晚古生代地层若干问题

昌宁—孟连带作为古特提斯主洋盆(多岛洋)的观点／模式的提出，已在国内外引起强大反响和争论，由于形成观点和建立模式所依据的资料很多来自孟连县曼信及相邻地区。因此该区的有关地质构造问题，自然也就引起了广泛的关注。根据笔者对这些地区长期的野外观察和研究，发现许多资料不支持大洋模式，尤其是原来建立模式时所依据的地层系统中尚存在若干重要的遗漏和错误。笔者初步认为：该区晚古生代沉积不是大洋沉积；地层中存在明显的沉积间断，地层系统需要重新厘定。本文在详细介绍实际资料的基础上，对该区晚古生代地层系统，沉积相和古地理环境进行了探讨。     

以“地理家庭实验”活化初中地理教育——美国初中教材《地球科学》的分析与启示

正《义务教育地理课程标准(2011年版)》中指出:"义务教育地理课程是一门兼有自然学科和社会学科性质的基础课程,具有生活性和实践性的特征:生活性是指地理课程内容紧密联系生活实际,突出反映学生生活中经常遇到的地理现象和可能遇到的地理问题,有助于提升学生的生活质量和生存能力;实践性是指地理课程含有丰富的实践内容,包括图表绘制、学具制作、实验、演示、野外观察、社会调查和乡土地理考察等,     

Re-identifying Grateloupia yangjiangensis (Rhodophyta, Halymeniaceae) based on morphological observations, life history and rbcL sequence analyses

On the basis of morphological observations, life history and molecular phylogeny, Grateloupia yangjiangensis, which is similar to G. filicina, G. orientalis, G. catenata, and G. ramosissima in appearance, was re-examined. The results are as follows:(1) the auxiliary-cell ampullae of G. yangjiangensis were of Grateloupia type, thalli was fleshy and gelatinous in texture, and the erect axes were compressed; the cortex was 0.25–0.30 mm thick, consisting of five to seven outer layers, and there were five inner layers of triangular or stellate cells;(2) there was no filamentous stage in the development of the carpospores;(3) the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene(rbcL) sequence of four G. yangjiangensis examined showed that there was no intergeneric divergence among them, and for the phylogenetic tree, four sequences of G. yangjiangensis formed a single monophyletic subclade within the large Grateloupia clade of Halymeniaceae. In conclusion, G. yangjiangensis was a single species within the genus Grateloupia. This research provided criterion for identification and cultivation of G. yangjiangensis.     

曼氏无针乌贼血细胞形态观察及吞噬性能的研究

用组织学和免疫学方法对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)的血细胞进行形态观察和免疫活性研究。根据血细胞大小和美兰染色结果,将曼氏无针乌贼的血细胞分为2类:较小的血细胞圆形,直径7.65~8.28μm,细胞核卵圆形,核质比约0.66,约占细胞总数的45.3%;较大的血细胞圆形,直径9.58~10.42μm,细胞核肾形,核质比约0.40,有些细胞具双核,约占细胞总数的54.7%。饥饿乌贼血细胞数量较正常乌贼有明显下降(t-检验,P<0.05),较大血细胞的比例有所上升,可达70%。细菌吞噬试验结果表明,较小血细胞对细菌无吞噬能力,而较大血细胞具有较强的细菌吞噬能力。饥饿组曼氏无针乌贼血细胞吞噬活力稍低,但并无显著差别(t-检验,P>0.05)。对曼氏无针乌贼血细胞形态和功能的研究,为探索曼氏无针乌贼免疫防御机理提供了基础资料。     

碳酸盐岩生烃运移的激光—荧光和有机包裹体研究

在我国分布较广的下古生界碳酸盐岩地层大多数热演化程度较高,损失了很多荧光信息,给烃源岩的荧光观测与评价带来了很大困难。采用新组装的激光—荧光显微系统进行研究,获得了很多有意义的结果。烃源岩中显微有机组分的荧光观测范围由烃源岩成熟度的镜质组反射率R。小于1．3％扩大到等效镜质组反射率R。达1．8％左右;岩石中矿物荧光沥青的观测范围可达R。在2．4％以上,3．3％以下。采用功率较高的激光一荧光显微系统,其观测结果能充分揭示由矿物晶间荧光沥青和包裹烃构成的碳酸盐烃源岩排烃运移微网络体系以及由层面、缝合线、裂隙与不整合面等构成的油气运移的综合体系。对鄂尔多斯、塔里木和四川等盆地分别选取了若干样品进行观测研究,在以往用常规显微镜很难见到荧光的烃源岩中发现了多种显微有机组分的大量荧光信息,为高成熟烃源岩有机质类型的判识与油气评价提供了新的依据。在鄂尔多斯盆地等效镜质组反射率达1．60％～1．74％的下奥陶统碳酸盐岩和条纹状碳酸盐岩样品中发现广泛分布有强荧光的G．prisca粘球形藻、层状藻、结构藻和藻屑等有利于生烃的原始显微有机组分及矿物晶间荧光沥青,并在白云岩孔洞中发现他形充填状和球粒状高演化储集层沥青,表明这类碳酸盐岩为有实际生烃、排烃现象的烃源岩。     

大连地区中国对虾“红腿病”病原体及其感染寄主细胞的电镜观察

对虾红腿病国内最早发现于１９８１年８月下旬山东潍坊市一养虾场,１９８８年８月在辽宁庄河、东沟县一带虾场开始流行［２］。此病流行广、发病期短、死亡率比较高,是危害对虾主要病害之一。作者自１９９０年８月～１９９２年９月,对大连地区养虾场流行的红腿病进行了调查、采样,并着重作了病原菌的形态及其侵染寄主细胞的病变观察,为虾病防治提供了科学依据。１材料与方法１·１材料来源典型对虾红腿病样品采自大连市金州区重家沟、营城区西小磨两个虾场。１,２样品的处理１．２．１病原菌的分离与菌种鉴定,病原菌的分离分别由辽宁…