光照和盐度对浒苔类胡萝卜素生物合成的影响

浒苔是一种在“绿潮”灾害中主要参与的绿藻。类胡萝卜素的生物合成是一种维持藻类正常生命活动非常重要的基本的萜类代谢活动。在本研究中,我们首次报告了浒苔2-C-甲基-D-赤藓糖醇4-磷酸（MEP）途径中所有基因的完整序列,这是浒苔中唯一的类胡萝卜素合成途径。随后,我们将这些基因序列与其他物种进行了比较。此外,通过检测三种不同的光照（1 000 lx,5 000 lx和12000 lx）和盐度（12‰,24‰和40‰）培养条件下的类胡萝卜素含量和参与此代谢的关键基因的表达水平差异,我们发现浒苔类胡萝卜素的合成可能受光照和盐度的影响,低光照和高盐度可以促进类胡萝卜素的合成。本研究结果表明：浒苔MEP途径和下游途径中涉及的基因可以在分子水平影响其类胡萝卜素的生物合成。本研究有助于更好地了解这些参与浒苔类胡萝卜素生物合成基因的作用以及环境对这些基因的调控。     

类胡萝卜素细胞工厂——杜氏藻养殖研究进展

杜氏藻是目前生产天然β-胡萝卜素最好的商品化微藻,其β-胡萝卜素含量最高达细胞干重的14%(质量分数)。此外,通过紫外线或化学诱变剂处理,也能获得用来生产八氢番茄红素、番茄红素、叶黄素和玉米黄素等其他类胡萝卜素突变株。为使杜氏藻类胡萝卜素商业开发顺利进行,分析光、温度、pH值、营养、天敌等养殖条件对杜氏藻生长和类胡萝卜素积累的影响;比较大型开放池、循环池、回旋池、级联池、大罐、异养发酵罐及封闭式光合反应器等养殖方式的利弊;同时,总结培养液再循环、藻体采集、藻泥干燥、类胡萝卜素提取等藻体采收的有益经验。     

多环芳烃对3种赤潮微藻类胡萝卜素含量的影响及其对UV-B辐射的响应

评价UV-B辐射增强对海洋生态系统的影响,通过实验生态学的方法,研究3种多环芳烃——菲、芘和蒽对3种赤潮微藻——赤潮异弯藻、塔玛亚历山大藻和中肋骨条藻类胡萝卜素含量的影响。结果表明:低浓度的菲、芘和蒽处理使3种赤潮微藻的类胡萝卜素含量有所提高,而高浓度处理则降低藻细胞内的类胡萝卜素含量。菲、芘和蒽处理对赤潮异弯藻类胡萝卜素含量的96 h半抑制剂量分别为0.098,0.124和0.139 mg.L-1,对中肋骨条藻的96 h半抑制剂量分别为0.120,0.147和0.155 mg.L-1,对塔玛亚历山大藻的96 h半抑制剂量分别为0.128,0.153和0.162 mg.L-1。在菲、芘和蒽处理的同时,附加辐射剂量为0.3 J.m-2的UV-B辐射处理,3种赤潮微藻的类胡萝卜素含量显著降低。     

Involvement of anti-oxidative enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoid metabolism in the adaptation of Reaumuria soongorica to salt stress

Reaumuria soongorica is a short woody shrub widely found in semi-arid areas of China. It can survive severe environ- mental stress including high salinity in its natural habitat. Thus, we investigated the involvement of anti-oxidative enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoid metabolism in the adaptation of R. soongorica to saline environments. R. soon- gorica was treated with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mM NaC1 solutions for 14 days. Soil salt content increased significantly by watering with high content of NaC1 solution, and no variation between 8 and 14 days during treatment. The levels ofpe- roxidation of lipid membranes （measured by malondialdehyde content） and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes （superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX）） increased under salt stress. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content decreased with increasing salt content. The ratio of Chl a/Chl b and carotenoid/Chl exhibited sig- nificant increase under 400 mM NaC1. However, total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and key enzyme activities in the flavonoid pathway including phenylalanine ammonialyase （PAL） and Chalcone isomerase （CHI） decreased under salt stress. These findings possibly suggest that R. soongorica has an adaptation protection mechanism against salt-induced oxidative damage by inducin~ the activity of antioxidant enzymes and maintaining a steady level of carotenoid/Chl.     

1株产C_(50)类胡萝卜素极端嗜盐古菌的筛选鉴定及特性分析

从日晒盐场结晶池中筛选到1株产C_(50)类胡萝卜素的红色极端嗜盐古菌。该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,短棒状,最适生长盐度为250,最适生长pH为7。表型鉴定方法结合16S rDNA序列分析判定,该菌属于极端嗜盐古菌盐红菌属Halorubrum,命名为Halorubrum sp.Sp1(16S rRNA Genbank登录号为KF697239)。根据紫外-可见光扫描特征光谱,确定该菌株主要色素为C_(50)类胡萝卜素。pH 8时单位细胞色素积累量最大,在盐度150~300范围内随盐度升高,单位细胞色素积累量逐渐降低。     

雌雄波纹巴非蛤不同组织中总类胡萝卜素含量比较分析

本文分析了波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulata)斧足、外套膜、鳃、闭壳肌、性腺5个组织以及不同性别的总类胡萝卜素含量(TCC)。结果显示:波纹巴非蛤5个组织的总类胡萝卜素含量除外套膜与鳃之间没有显著性差异外(P0.05),其他各组织之间差异均达到极显著水平(P0.01),各组织总类胡萝卜素含量从高到低依次为:斧足性腺外套膜鳃闭壳肌;不同性别波纹巴非蛤的斧足、外套膜、鳃、闭壳肌中总类胡萝卜素的含量没有显著性差异(P0.05),但精巢中总类胡萝卜素的含量要显著高于卵巢(P0.05)。本研究结果初步揭示了波纹巴非蛤体内总类胡萝卜素含量的分布规律。     

一种绿藻分离物的显微研究

用光镜和电镜对一种绿藻分离物(MC-1)的显微结构进行研究。显微与亚显微结构表明,MC-1以似亲孢子方式繁殖,在细胞形态、叶绿体和蛋白核结构上具有绿藻门绿藻目绿球藻科绿球藻属的形态分类特征。结合形态及生理生化特性,该藻种可能是绿球藻属的一个新种,建议定名为嗜碱绿球藻Chlorococcum alkaliphilus。     

三角帆蚌贝壳珍珠层中类胡萝卜素的激光拉曼光谱研究

三角帆蚌贝壳珍珠层及养殖珍珠的拉曼光谱中除由文石矿物引起的拉曼峰外，还可观察到明显的由全反式结构的类胡萝卜素引起的1132cm^-1(C-C单键的伸缩振动）和1527cm^-1(C=C双键的伸缩振动）两个拉曼峰，根据类胡萝卜素的拉曼光谱特征推断其分子中的C＝C双键的数目为10。珍珠层中类胡萝卜素的相对浓度与珍珠层的颜色密切相关，在同一贝壳中从壳后端至壳顶，其相对浓度逐渐变小。对贝壳珍珠层中类胡萝卜素的研究可为珍珠漂白及在食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供科学的依据。     

Effects of irradiance on pigment signatures of harmful algae during growth process

Three harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, Phaeocystis globosa, Thalassiosira rotula, and Proro-centrum donghaiense were isolated from the coast of China and cultured in batches at three light intensities (40, 70 and 150 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1). The variation patterns of cell numbers and growth rates with light intensity during growth process were different among species. In P. globosa and T. rotula, maximum growth rates were found at 150 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1 and ranged from 0.60 divisions per day in T. rotula, to 1.17 divisions per day in P. globosa. The highest growth rate of P. donghaiense, however, was found at 70 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1 (0.36 divisions per day). In general, all the three HAB species showed adaptation to increasing light intensity by decreas-ing cellular concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), but the variation patterns during the growth process were species-specific. The cellular concentrations of Chl a in P. donghaiense and T. rotula increased gradually with incubation time, but the opposite trend was found in P. globosa. Most of the pigment ratios and pigment indices of these three species were nearly constant during the growth process and showed small changes at different light intensities illustrating the applicability of chemotaxonomy during the initial and developing stages of HAB events, which is very important to study the ecological issues related to HAB species. Ratios of photoprotective carotenoids, such as diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin and β,β-carotene to total chlorophylls a (Tchl a) showed the trend of increasing with the increase of light intensity during growth process. The species-specific and pigment-specific variations in pigment ratios/indices at different light intensities during growth pro-cess probably reflected the differences in the pigment composition as well as the adaption capabilities of different species to the changes of physical conditions.     

海产贝类体内类胡萝卜素的研究进展

类胡萝卜素是一类脂溶性的大分子量的有机化合物,在染色、医药、食品等行业中具有很高的应用价值.类胡萝卜素也广泛地存在于海产贝类体内.本文详细综述了国内外海产贝类体内类胡萝卜素的来源、种类和含量、功能及吸收代谢方面的研究状况,为今后的研究提供参考.