坡缕石粘土对Cu2+的吸附热力学

将坡缕石粘土分离提纯后作为吸附剂,通过对水中Cu2+的静态吸附实验,考察了时间及介质pH值对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附平衡和吸附热力学特征进行了探讨。结果表明:在实验条件下坡缕石粘土对水中的Cu2+离子具有较强的吸附作用,吸附平衡时间约为60 min,pH值对吸附效果有显著的影响,吸附量随pH值的升高而增加,当平衡溶液pH>7时吸附率超过99%;吸附平衡与Langmuir方程的符合程度优于D-R方程和Freundlich方程,由Langmuir方程拟合饱和吸附量为33.0～34.0 mg/g,由D-R方程得平均吸附能Es为13 kJ/mol,吸附过程为离子交换反应;吸附过程吸热,吸附焓为16.97 kJ/mol,吸附Gibbs函数在-27～-24 kJ/mol之间,吸附熵大于零,吸附过程可自发进行。     

瓦里关大气降水的化学特征

利用2007—2009年瓦里关本底台降水化学观测资料,分析了瓦里关降水的pH值、电导率及Cl-、NO-3、SO2-4、NH+4、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+等离子成分的分布特征。结果表明,瓦里关pH值和电导率的年平均值分别为6.60和21.26μs/cm,2007—2009年呈逐年升高趋势。根据pH值,瓦里关降水以中性降水为主,占总降水的65.13%,其次为碱性降水,酸雨最少。离子浓度大小排序依次为Ca2+SO2-4Na+NH+4Cl-Mg2+NO-3K+,且存在明显的季节变化特征,K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+有相似的来源。瓦里关降水中SO2-4/NO3-的范围为0.35~16.48,平均值为3.07;2007—2009年SO2-4/NO-3值呈逐年下降趋势;SO2-4/NO-3全年存在两个峰值,分别在4月和9—10月。     

Phytoplankton composition and its ecological effect in subsurface cold pool of the northern Bering Sea in summer as revealed by HPLC derived pigment signatures

CHEMTAX analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) pigment was conducted to study phytoplankton community structure in the northern Bering Sea shelf, where a seasonal subsurface cold pool emerges. The results showed that fucoxanthin(Fuco) and chlorophyll a(Chl a) were the most abundant diagnostic pigments, with the integrated water column values ranging from 141 to 2 160 μg/m2 and 477 to 5 535 μg/m2, respectively. Moreover, a diatom bloom was identified at Sta. BB06 with the standing stock of Fuco up to 9 214 μg/m3. The results of CHEMTAX suggested that the phytoplankton community in the northern Bering Sea shelf was dominated by diatoms and chrysophytes with an average relative contribution to Chl a of 80% and 12%, respectively, followed by chlorophytes, dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes. Diatoms were the absolutely dominant algae in the subsurface cold pool with a relative contribution exceeding 90%, while the contribution of chrysophytes was generally higher in oligotrophic upper water. Additionally, the presence of a cold pool would tend to favor accumulation of diatom biomass and a bloom that occurred beneath the halocline would be beneficial to organic matter sinks, which suggests that a large part of the phytoplankton biomass would settle to the seabed and support a rich benthic biomass.     

盐角草(Salicornia europaea)对NaCl处理的生理响应

用含有NaCl的Hoagland培养液处理盐角草(Salicornia europaea)11d。检测其鲜重,干重,离子含量,电导率,溶解性总固体(TDS)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)浓度。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,盐角草干重和鲜重呈现先上升后下降的趋势,相对电导率、TDS、SOD、POD、CAT及MDA均呈现先下降后上升的趋势,在NaCl溶液浓度为200mmol·L-1左右时,干重和鲜重的值达到最大,电导率、TDS、SOD、POD、CAT、MDA含量达到最小值;500mmol·L-1和800mmol·L-1时,SOD和CAT活性下降,电导率、TDS、POD、MDA含量则急剧上升。由此说明,一定浓度的NaCl溶液促进了盐角草的生长,200mmol·L-1左右是其生长的最适浓度,500mmol·L-1和800mmol·L-1高盐浓度会对盐角草的膜结构、酶系统等造成不同程度的损伤。盐角草主要将Na+、K+积累在地上部,且随着NaCl处理浓度的增大,Na+含量逐渐增加、K+含量逐渐降低,这可能是盐角草调节细胞内离子平衡对抗盐胁迫的一种适应策略。     

氨基酸离子液体[bmin]Gly的合成探索及表征

探索两步法合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑甘氨酸离子液体([bmim]Gly)的反应条件.第一步,采用阴离子树脂静态交换法由1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([bmim]Br)与强碱性阴离子树脂生成中间产物1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氢氧化物([bmim]OH),通过单因素实验获得其最佳交换条件;第二步,[bmim]OH与甘氨酸(Gly)反应,经脱水、洗涤后得目标产物.对产物进行核磁(¹H NMR)和红外(IR)表征,结果表明产品纯度较高.与动态合成法相比,静态法合成[bmim]Gly操作简便,节水省时,有助于实现氨基酸离子液体合成过程的绿色化和工业化.     

双台子河口芦苇湿地盐分离子空间变化与植物群落退化演替关系

以双台子河口芦苇湿地为研究对象,对2009年10月野外调查所获取的土壤、植物样品进行室内分析,研究盐分离子和植被群落退化演替的关系。结果表明:根据芦苇生物量、覆盖度、株高3项生长指标变化,研究区芦苇群落退化演替的顺序为芦苇—芦苇/补血草—芦苇/碱蒿—芦苇/碱蓬—獐茅/翅碱蓬—翅碱蓬。随着退化演替的进行,翅碱蓬群落的各盐分离子含量显著高于其他五种植物群落的含量。电导率与芦苇生物量、株高呈显著负相关,与土壤易溶盐离子(除CO2-3)呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。说明各盐分离子通过影响电导率而间接抑制植物生长,电导率与pH呈极显著正相关(P0.01),说明试验区土壤盐化的同时伴随着碱化。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品中嘌呤含量

为测定食品中嘌呤含量,建立了食品中多组分嘌呤含量测定的反相离子对高效液相色谱(RP-IP-HPLC)分析方法,对几种主要食品中的腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、黄嘌呤、次黄嘌呤含量进行测定。结果表明,采用Agilent XDB-C18色谱柱,水-甲醇-冰乙酸-10%四丁基氢氧化铵(V/V/V/V,879/100/15/6)为流动相,检测波长为254nm,流速为1mL/min时4种嘌呤可完全分离。测得4种嘌呤物质的回收率在91.8%~108.7%之间,方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%~6.5%。不同种类食品中嘌呤总含量由高到低依次为:动物肝脏、动物肌肉、果蔬、菌类和蛋类。     

关于离子液体在分析化学中的应用

离子液体多由特定的有机阳离子和无机阴离子共同构成,具有不可燃、不易挥发、稳定性好、溶解性强等特点。目前,在分析化学领域得到了广泛的应用。相关实践证明,离子液体所具有的溶解性强这一特点使其能辅助所有化学反应,并确保化学反应能在均相中顺利完成,同时,这一特点也使得离子液体在分析化学中的应用前景变得更加光明美好。     

Orthogonal design for optimization of pigment extraction from surface sediments of the Changjiang River Estuary

Using a suitable solvent for extracting pigments from sediment for high performance liquid chro-matography (HPLC) analysis is critical for obtaining qualitative and quantitative estimates of phytoplanktonic and benthic algal biomass, as well as community composition. Five methodolog-ical factors (sample dehydration, extraction solvent, extraction duration, number of extractions, and ratio of solvent volume: sample weight) were studied using an L₉ (3⁴) orthogonal design in a sedimentary pigment extraction experiment on samples collected from the Changjiang large-river delta-front estuary (LDE), using HPLC analysis. The results show that the optimal extraction method for sedimentary pigments should include freeze-drying samples prior to extraction. The effects of different factors on sedimentary pigment extraction were separated by the L₉ (3⁴) or-thogonal design experiments and showed that the extraction solvent was the most important, with extraction duration the second most important, and numbers of extraction and ratio of solvent vol-ume: sample weight was the least important. The mixed solvent treatment comprised of acetone, methanol and water (80:15:5, by volume) was best for polar pigment extraction, with 100% acetone better for apolar pigments. For most pigments employed in this study (i.e., peridinin, fucoxanthin, alloxanthin, diatoxanthin, zeaxanthin, pheophytin-a and β-carotene), 3 h was found to be enough time for extraction from these deltaic sediments. However, for chlorophyll-a, the most important pigment used for estimating algal biomass, 12 h was needed. A small amount of solvent (3 ml) with duplicate extractions obtained the greatest amount and diversity of pigments. Unfortunately, no extraction method was found to be suitable for all pigments in sediments. The choice of extraction procedure should be made in accordance with the objective of each study, taking into consideration the properties of sediments and pigments in question.