影响南极海洋石油烃低温降解菌希瓦氏菌NJ49生长和降解率的环境因素研究

以柴油为唯一碳源和能源,从南极海水海冰微生物资源库中筛选到一株石油烃低温降解菌希瓦氏菌NJ49,并对影响其生长和降解率的环境因素(pH、温度、盐度、营养盐和表面活性剂)进行了初步研究。结果表明:希瓦氏菌NJ49可作为低温海域石油烃污染生物修复的菌源,其生长和降解的最适条件为:初始pH7.5,温度15℃,盐度6%,摇瓶装量80ml,最佳氮源硝酸铵,最佳磷源为磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢二钾的混合物,添加表面活性剂可促进希瓦氏菌NJ49的生长和生物降解率。     

二叠纪Guadalupian与Lopingian之交菊石类的绝灭高峰

除Ｐ／Ｔ界线间菊石类几乎全部绝灭之外，在二叠纪Ｇｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎ世Ｃａｐｉｔａｎｉａｎ期与Ｌｏｐｉｎｇｉａｎ与Ｗｕｃｈｉａｐｉｎｇｉａｎ期之间，存在着另一次菊石类的全球性大规模选择性绝灭高峰。即菊石类由Ｇｕａｄｌｕｐｉａｎ世Ｒｏａｄｉａｎ－Ｃａｐｉｔａｎｉａｎ期（茅口期）的高度繁盛阶段，历经高速度、大规模选择性灭绝、因而，Ｇｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎ世Ｃａｐｉｔａｎｉａｎ期与Ｌｏｐｉｎｇｉａｎ世Ｗｕ     

ECOLOGICAL SERIES OF SOIL ANIMALS IN DARLIDAI MOUNTAIN

The ecological series of soil animals under the broad-leaved and pine mixed forest in Darlidai Mountainwas studied. Seven sample plots were selected according to different altitude gradients, which belong to different vegeta-tion types. By investigating and analyzing soil animals in every sample plot it is found that there are 45 groups and 1956individuals, which axe involved in 3 phylums, 7 classes, 16 orders, respectively. The altitude is a key factor which af-fects ecological series of soil animals. Both the groups and individuals of soil animals increase with altitude increasingunder certain conditions, which contrastes with ordinary cases, resulting from special micro-climate in studied area. Thegroups and individuls of soil animals are the most under the broad-leaved and pine forest on the top of the mountain, andthe least under Picea-Abies forest in the foot of the mountain.     

生物结皮恢复过程中土壤生态因子分异特征

对新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮恢复过程中土壤因子的动态变化进行关联性测度、方差分析、相关性分析相结合的定量研究,着重分析结皮恢复年限对土壤微生物数量、养分、盐分、土壤酶的影响,有机质与土壤盐分、pH值、土壤酶的线性关系及土壤生态因子间的相关性。结果表明：相对于土层深度,有机养分、土壤酶等生态因子与生物结皮恢复年限的联系更加紧密。结皮恢复年限对全P、全K、有机质、脲酶、真菌的影响极显著（P<0.01）;对速效P、速效K、全N、总盐、中性碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶的影响显著(P<0.05)。随结皮恢复年限的增加,结皮层和结皮以下土层中有机养分、土壤酶均有不同程度的增加,逐步具备较高的生物学活性,沙土性状变化较快,渐渐形成抗风蚀、抗干扰能力较强的地衣苔藓结皮。结皮恢复过程中pH值与有机质呈显著线性负相关（R2＝0.701,P<0.05）,土壤盐分与有机质存在线性正相关（R2＝0.653）,但显著性不强（P>0.05）。电导率、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶、蛋白酶与有机质存在极为显著的线性正相关（R2分别为0.888、0.993、0.958、0.948、0.911,P<0.01）,土壤生态因子的协调发展和紧密配合促进了生物结皮的恢复。     

成立上海低碳教育推进专家委员会的倡议书

教育,国家之根本;低碳发展,人类之未来。在可见的未来,人类将面临气候变化、生物多样性减少以及资源短缺等严重的挑战。如何减缓气候变化,保护生物多样性,减少资源性浪费,是一项长期、复杂和艰巨的任务。而低碳发展正是完成这项任务重要的途径。发展低碳经济,建设低碳城市,目前已经成为许多城市和部门的一个口号和设想。在探索低碳发展过程中,     

台湾省湿地的生物多样性与保护

<正>湿地是水陆相互作用形成的特殊自然综合体,是一种独特的生态系统,具有多种功能和价值,是人类社会赖以生存和发展的环境之一。台湾地区位于欧亚大陆板块东侧,地处亚热带,雨量丰沛,极为潮湿,全年平均年雨量达     

2018年春季福建近海浮游植物群落结构变化

【目的】研究2018年春季福建近海浮游植物群落结构变化。【方法】分别于2018年4月和5月对福建近海进行综合性调查,分析福建近海春季赤潮原因种的演替、浮游植物分布情况和群落结构变化。【结果与结论】2018年4-5月,福建附近海域从中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻双相赤潮变为东海原甲藻单一赤潮,赤潮数量级10~6～10~7cells/L;赤潮附近海域的浮游植物多样性指数较低;表中层细胞丰度变化差异大,底层丰度变化差异小。浮游植物优势种群由硅藻为主向甲藻为主演替。     

Report on Pontoniinae shrimps （Crustacea：Decapoda）collected by Joint Chinese—German Marine Biology Expeditions to Hainan lsland ,South China Sea：Ⅱ.Harpiliopsis,Ischnopontonia,Jocaste,Palae—mone

The present paper reports 9 species of pontoniine shrimps collected from Hainan IS-land ,South China Sea ,by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions,in which Peri-climenaeus arabicus (Calman,1939) and Periclimenaeus hecate (Nobili,1904) are recorded for the first time from Hainan Island.     

试论灾变的进化意义

地球灾变一向被看成是生物进化的破坏性因素,但本文认为,正是这些灾变给生物进化带来一片生机。每一次灾变使旧有生物成批衰亡,往往有几十上百种生物一起灭绝,但同时也使新兴生物的崛起和繁盛有了广阔的生态空间。不仅如此,灾变还可以使旧生物跃变形成新生物,甚至可以制造、创造新生命。生命形成的一系列化合合成反应所需要的巨大能量,恰恰可能来源于形成灾变的火山作用、宇宙射线照射作用等。     

Distribution of biomass of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Bohai Sea

Distribution, variation and impact factors of biomass of bacterioplankton from April to May 1999 in Bohai Sea were studied in DAPI method with epifluorescence microscopy. The biomass in surface waters showed a small day-night variation, varying from 0.13 to 2.51μg/dm^3 with an average of 0.84μg/dm^3. The biomass in bottom waters showed, however, a large variation, changing from 0.15 to 4.18μg/dm^3 with an average of 1.36μg/dm^3. The peak values occurred at 5 and 11 a.m. The bottom water biomass showed a significant correlation with particulate organic carbon （r=0.639, P〈0.05）. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton biomass was high in nearshore waters and low in offshore areas with a high biomass zone around Huanghe （Yellow） River mouth, showing the same distribution of nutrients. In vertical distribution, heterotrophic bacteria biomass in bottom waters was higher than that in surface water.