浅析沉管碎石桩在砂性土地基中应用

碎石桩技术自1950年代引进我国后，在工业、交通、水利等建设工程中得到了广泛应用。通过沉管碎石桩在砂性土地基中应用一例，闸明其在提高砂性土地基的承载力、减少地基变形和增强抗液化性能方面有着显著效果。     

第六届海洋强国战略论坛聚焦环渤海

11月22日,由中国海洋学会、中国太平洋学会和河北省海洋局共同主办的第六届海洋强国战略论坛在石家庄市隆重召开。本届论坛以"保护渤海环境,推动海洋生态@明建设"为主题,提出举科学之力、聚专家之智,共同探讨海洋强国的战略内涵,探索决策海洋强国的理论,寻求建设海洋强     

Benthic nutrient recycling in shallow coastal waters of the Bohai Sea

Sediment-water fluxes of N and P species in the Bohai Sea were investigated in September-October 1998 and April-May 1999. The benthic fluxes of nutrient species were determined by incubating sediment core samples with bottom seawater bubbled with air or nitrogen. NO^-2,NH4, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and phosphorus (TDP), and PO4^3- showed a net exchange flux from seawater to sediment, while NO^-3, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and SiO3^2- were released from sediment to seawater in the Bohai Sea. Sediment-water nutrient exchange increases DIN and reduces the phosphorus load in the Bohai Sea. The release of silicate from sediment to overlying seawater reduces potential silicate limitation of primary production resulted from decrease of riverine discharge.The exchange flux of nutrients showed no obvious seasonal variation. The present study showed that the concentrations and composition of nutrients in the water column were affected by suspended sediment, and that not all the exchangeable phosphate in sediment could be released via sediment resuspension.     

Improving Indigenous Technologies for Sustainable Land Use in Northern Mountainous Areas of Vietnam

More than 30 ethnic groups are now living in northern mountainous regions, Vietnam, mainly relying on shifting cultivation with the fallow period being shortened from time to time. Naturally, soil fertility reduces from cycle to cycle, entailing the reduction of productivity. Large areas of moderately sloping lands suitable for upland agriculture have become bare after many cultivation-fallow cycles. The soils there have been severely degraded with more toxicity, low porosity, low water retention capacity and poor floral diversity. Normally, these lands cannot be used for food crop cultivation. So farmers in uplands have to rely on slash-and-burn practices for their livelihood. As there is no more forest with good soil in medium slopes, farmers go to cut forests in watershed, high slope lands and old forests up to the mountains‘ top. There are ecologically and environmentally very sensitive areas, so their destruction will inevitably cause hazardous consequences in the whole basin. Meanwhile,cultivation in these areas has low economic efficiency and sustainability because the crop yield may decrease very fast due to severe erosion as the higher the slope, the more serious erosion. Consequently living standards of highland farmers remain low and unstable. Sustainable farming on these lands in the perspective of a seriously deteriorated ecology and environmental is not an easy task. There have been many projects trying to help mountainous farmers get out of their vicious circle. However, due to different reasons, the results gained are low, and in some cases,things ceased to move after the projects phased out. During past few years, based on the farmer experiences, the Vietnam Agricultural Science Institute has cooperated with local and international partners to implement different projects in order to solve the problems by developing simple, easy and cheap cultivation technologies, which can be accepted and applied by local poor farmers for sustainable agricultural production. The first results of our activities offered good opportunities for sustain food production, improve soil health, recharge of aquifers,and enhanced household income for better rural lively hoods in the upland eco-regions of northern Vietnam.     

基于生态文明理念的捞鱼河国家湿地公园科普宣教设计

国家湿地公园是推进生态文明、建设美丽中国的重要载体。在新时代的背景下,国家湿地公园的宣教要与生态文明理念相融合,承接新使命和新要求。捞鱼河国家湿地公园宣教内容以"讲故事、扬文化、传科学"的原则,从宣教主题、宣教设施和宣教活动入手,挖掘最具生态文明内涵的主题,依托形式多元的宣教活动和场所,形成"点、线、面"立体开放型的生态文明宣教体系,展示"人与湿地和谐相处"的生态文明核心理念。     

新修订《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》述评

为落实我国海洋强国建设和政府机构改革部署，进一步改善海洋生态环境，新修订的《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》针对以往法律实施过程中出现的问题进行内容调整，在明确目的原则、完善治理制度、优化体制机制、强化监督管理以及严格责任承担等方面有显著体现。文章综合评析新修订的《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》，旨在为我国完善海洋治理体系提供具体建议，并力图为我国海洋生态环境保护和管理提出有效的改进方案。     

黑龙江省矿山环境保护阪复治理工程与措施研究

一、我省矿山环境现状 我省是矿产资源大省，资源储量大，矿种丰富。但是，由于采矿占用土地、破坏耕地、草地、砍伐林木、疏干排水，“三废”排放，破坏了自然生态环境结构，天然植被覆盖面积降低、裸露岩石增加、地下水资源枯竭、水质恶化，降低了区域防风固砂、蓄水保土、涵养水源、净化空气、保护生物多样性等生态功能。使整体生态环境质量下降，甚至加剧水土流失、土地砂化等自然灾害，诱发崩塌滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等地质灾害。[第一段]     

海上风电楔形单桩基础竖向承载力特性分析

为提高基础利用率增加海上风电设施的可行性，对楔形单桩基础竖向承载力特性进行研究分析。采用PLAXIS 3D 有限元软件建立楔形单桩基础模型，从桩侧摩阻力、桩侧法应力及土体位移对比分析楔形单桩基础与等截面单桩竖向承载特性差异，并探讨内摩擦角、楔角及楔高对承载力的影响。研究表明：楔形单桩基础竖向承载力高于等截面单桩基础，且承载力随着楔角、楔高的增大而增大，提高率最大达24.786%。倾斜侧壁的引入改变了桩侧摩阻力的传递规律；倾斜侧壁挤密桩周土体，桩侧摩阻力与法向应力增大，从而有效提高单桩基础的竖向承载力。研究成果可为今后海上风电单桩基础截面型式的设计提供参考。