多时相卫星感海岸线变迁研究——以大亚湾地区为例

本文较详细地探讨了以多时相感数据为基础开展海岸变迁研究的方法和技术路线。认为：解译海岸线和进行海岸变迁研究首先要统一遥感数据的坐标系统、分洲率并相互配准,解译海岸线应以水陆分界较清楚的彩色合成图像为背景;当各个遥感数据成像时刻的潮位相差较大时,提出了在数字高程模型DEM（Digiotal Elevation Model）的支持下开展海岸线纠正的方法和影响精度的几个方面。最后讨论了大亚湾区域1973年、1986年、1995年、1997提的海岸特征和4个时相间海岸线变迁的程度及其与海岸类型、人为活动的关系。     

沉积过程分形表达及其冲淤幅度分析应用

根据１９８２－１９９５年在浙江沿岸椒江口、杭州湾、象山县大目涂取得的沉积柱样层序数据系列和重复沉积界面测量序列,利用分形理论进行沉积过程及冲淤幅度的分析。沉积过程和沉积地层层序存在自相似结构,两者之间在无特征尺度区存在着初始值以及分数维的传递。椒江河口和杭州湾南侧潮汐通道边坡沉积柱样泥层工的分数维在１．２－１．５之间。按潮汐沉积基本单元形成的时间为大小潮周期计算,沉积过程１年重现期的高程均方变幅为     

海洋沉积研究进展

海岸－陆架系统是介于大陆和深海之间重要的过渡区域,是地球上一个基本的不连续带。在这个区域里,陆地、海洋和大气过程共同作用,并相互影响。这个系统为人类提供了丰富的生物资源、矿物资源和旅游资源,同时又起着排污和气候调节的作用。而人类的活动对脆弱和滨海和外海生态系统也产生影响,如提坝的建立、海岸防护、排污以及岸滩采矿,这些不断改变着沉积物的通量和分布格局。这些对海岸生态系统的人为改变,实验上破坏了环境的多样性。遗憾的是,我们还没有充分地了解使这个系统良性运行的运行的基本过程。     

海岸河口高潮滩盐沼边界层沉积动力研究

此项目采用实验（现场、室内）方法研究海岸（河口）高潮滩盐沼泥沙过程 ,即波浪、潮流、海岸盐生植物、细颗粒悬沙和淤泥质底床的相互作用。（１）高潮滩盐沼盐生植物的野外调查 :海岸盐生植物的属种、高度、大小、密度 ;（２）高潮滩盐沼边界层水流结构的现场实验观测 :ａ．潮流水位、流速、紊动的野外现场观测 ;ｂ．波浪衰减的观测 ;（３）高潮滩盐沼细颗粒悬沙浓度的现场观测 ;（４）高潮滩盐沼地区长期、短期细颗粒泥沙堆积和侵蚀速率的现场观测 ;（５）海岸盐生植物作用下波浪、潮流边界层的室内实验研究 ;（６）海岸盐生植物作用下细…     

2000年两岸港口及海岸开发研讨会在台召开

2000年两岸港口及海岸开发研讨会于3月30日至31日在台湾新竹交通大学召开。这是自1993年第一届两岸会议以来的第四届会议。应台湾中华大学、交通大学和港湾技术研究中心的邀请,大陆方面组成19人的代表团赴台参会,受到台湾同行的热情接待。代表团成员来自河海大学、南京水利科学研究院、大连理工大学、长江口航道建设有限公司、中国港湾建设总公司、交通部一航院、上海航道局、上海航道勘测设计研究院、福建省港航管理局等单位。台湾交通大学、成功大学、中华大学、中山大学、     

夏季北冰洋无冰海域次表层暖水结构的形成机理

在夏季北冰洋的无冰海域,经常可以观测到次表层暖水现象,即在水深20～50m的范围内发生海水温度的极大值。建立了一个一维的热力学解析模式,用于研究夏季北冰洋次表层暖水的形成机制。模式的计算结果表明,太阳辐射作用是形成次表层暖水的关键因素。在北冰洋的开阔水域,大气吸收海洋热量的过程导致了海面温度下降,使温度极大值出现在次表层。海洋垂向湍流热扩散对次表层暖水温度有显著影响;当湍流热扩散较弱时,热扩散的范围较小,有利于形成次表层暖水。次表层暖水的位置随着时间的推移不断加深,温度不断增高。在北极,大气温度低于海面温度是普遍现象,次表层暖水经常发生。虽然当海面气温发生变化时,次表层海水温度结构会发生相应的变化,但次表层暖水结构形成之后,如果不受强烈天气过程的破坏,则会一直存在下去。按照本文的结论,随着北极气候变暖,海冰将进一步减少,次表层暖水现象还会明显增加,海洋对气候变化将有更加强烈的响应和反馈,对全球气候变化产生意义深远的影响。     

海南岛万泉河口海岸动态及其整治对策

In this paper, sediment samples were collected along the Wanquan beaches and sieved in the laboratory in order to obtain the grain size distributions and associated parameters, i.e. mean grain size,sorting coefficient and skewness. Furthermore, we have calculated the longshore drift sediment transport rates and equilibrium cross-sectional areas of the entrance channel by using the method of sedimentary dynamics. The results indicate that the longshore drift sediment transport is dominated by waves with a direction from south to north, which result in rapid changes of the entrance channel.Therefore, some suggestions were proposed for improving the water quality and restoring the ecosystem of estuary. The engineering method includes increasing the sea-route of entrance channel,tidal prism and water exchanges in Shamei Lagoon.     

ADCP application for long-term monitoring of coastal water

Three kind of application of ADCP is reported for long-term monitoring in coastal sea. (1)The routine monitoring of water qualities. The water quality and ADCP echo data (600 kHz) observed in the long-term are analgzed at MT (Marine Tower) Station of Kansai International Airport in the Osaka Bay, Japan. The correlation between the turbidity and echo intensity in the surface layer is not good because air bubbles generated by breaking wave are not detected by the turbidity meter, but detected well by ADCP. When estimating the turbidity consists ofplankrton population from echo intensity, the effect of bubbles have to be eliminated. (2) Monitoring stirring up of bottom sediment. The special observation was carried out by using following two ADCP in the Osaka Bay, One ADCP was installed upward on the sea. The other ADCP was hanged downward at the gate type stand about 3 m above from the bottom. At the spring tide, high echo intensities indicating the stirring up of bottom sediment were observed. (3) The monitoring for the boundary condition of water mixing at an estuary. In summer season, the ADCP was set at the mouth of Tanabe Bay in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. During the observation, water temperature near the bottom showed remarkable falls with interval of about 5～7d. When the bottom temperature fell, the inflow current with low echo intensity water appears at the bottom layer in the ADCP record. It is concluded that when occasional weak northeast wind makes weak coastal upwelling at the mouth of the bay, the combination ofupwelling with internal tidal flow causes remarkable water exchange and dispels the red tide.     

A Preliminary Study on the Calculating Method for the Evolution of Siltation and Erosion of Tidal Flat Based on GIS

The estuary and coast is an area where the land and the sea interact and a place in which human beings frequently move about so that understanding and controlling the change and development modes of the coastal landform plays a vital part in exploiting and protecting coastal resources. A model is the generalization and abstraction of objective things. This paper summarizes four methods for the landform development of the tidal shore and underwater delta, mainly discusses the model‘s structural elements, and presents their specific application on the basis of the authors‘ case study. With the application of the profile model, the dynamic change of coastal landform can be clearly seen by contrasting the different profiles of different years. Through the shrinking, expanding and transformation of the isobath, plane model is used to study the macro-change of the shoal and the coastal landform. Speed model is an efficient means to analyze the trend of erosion and deposition and the local change in a great area of the sea. Statistical survey model is a static analysis, which can be used to establish the relationship between the erosion and deposition of the shoal and the altitude and slope of survey spot.     

光释光测年在海岸风沙地貌研究中的新进展

20世纪80年代中期以来,光释光技术广泛应用于海岸风沙沉积物测年研究中,并取得了丰硕的成果.随着光释光测年激发光源和单片再生剂量方法的快速发展,海岸风沙光释光测年的时间范围不断扩大,测年的准确度逐渐提高,已测得最年轻的海岸风沙沉积物的年龄小于10年,最老的年龄达到90多万年.利用光释先年龄重建海岸风沙演化进程及其与全球...