ADCP比测试验的统计分析

比测试验是一种常用的海洋调查仪器综合检测方法,通过对移动载体ADCP的一次比测数据的统计与分析,指出可以用标准差和超差点合格比例来评价ADCP观测数据的合理性。     

公平与效率导向下农村公共医疗资源的空间优化研究——以湖北省仙桃市为例

公共服务资源的空间配置问题一直存在效率与公平价值导向的博弈,空间综合人文社科的兴起,使其演化成一个空间优化问题。医疗资源空间配置的规划注重决策连续性,据此提出改进空间可达性的两步优化法。在农村地区资源有限的情况下,以空间可达性为主要指标,建立公平与效率导向下的二次规划模型,通过重新选址和设定规模以保证居民获得就医机会的最大公平和效率,并以湖北省仙桃市为案例进行应用研究。结果表明,新选地址和规模优化结果能使仙桃市医疗资源空间配置的公平性和效率性得到显著提高,2个步骤相结合,使其成为真正的混合优化模型,达到效率和公平平衡的双重目标。     

PISA视角下的区域地理主题教学

Geng Fuxiang     

基于改进覆盖度模型的南昌市基础教育资源空间布局效率分析

随着物质生活水平的不断提升,人们对于教育质量和教育公平的要求在不断提高,推进城乡义务教育一体化发展是教育改革的趋势,教育资源研究也得到了国内外学者的持续关注。本文对传统覆盖度模型进行改进,并结合比例模型的公平性指数等方法,对2018年南昌市辖区中小学教育资源在乡镇/街道上的分布特征与布局效率进行了探索分析。研究表明:①中小学现有办学规模与江西省基本办学条件之间存在差异,各辖区中小学班额人数皆超过标准;②居民享受教育资源的公平性在乡镇/街道层面上存在差异,小学与中学教育资源获取便捷性较高的乡镇/街道分别位于西湖区与青山湖区、东湖区与红谷滩新区;③中小学服务区覆盖度与重复度均呈现明显的核心外围特征,教育资源布局的覆盖率与重复率存在较强的正相关性;④南昌市中学教育资源的空间布局聚集特征远高于小学,近半数乡镇/街道的中学空间布局属于高覆盖效率型和高重复型,且基本聚集在中心城区范围内;⑤中小学教育资源在乡镇/街道尺度上的总体空间布局效率呈显著差异,以偏差布局类型为主,教育资源分布均衡性较差,中小学服务区高覆盖高重复或低覆盖低重复的偏差状况较为显著,综合服务效率偏低。     

浅谈矿业权市场化建设与发展

近年来,我国矿业权交易的市场化获得了蓬勃发展。它有利于充分发挥市场机制提高资源配置效率,实现矿产资源国家所有权益,促进经济可持续发展和资源永续利用。但由于我国矿业权市场化起步较晚,现行政策法规还很不健全。笔者结合多年的矿管工作实践,就矿业权市场化建设与发展谈一谈认识。     

Growth and feed efficiency of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed formulated diets containing different levels of poultry by-product meal

This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture ofLitopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.     

桁拖网渔具刚性栅栏对鱼类的分隔效率研究

东海捕虾桁拖网选择性能不佳,对渔业资源的保护和渔业的合理管理带来了负面的影响.刚性栅栏是实现拖网渔具种类选择性捕捞的主要装置,本文根据在吕四渔场开展刚性栅栏海上生产试验,结合SELECT模型分析不同栅条间距(15、20和25mm)的刚性栅栏对短吻舌鳎、小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼的分隔效率.结果表明,随着栅条间距的增大,栅栏对鱼类的重量分隔率逐渐减小,分隔栅栏对鱼类的50%选择体长(L50S))逐渐增大;对于短吻舌鳎,个体接触分隔栅栏的概率可使用常数来表示,即接触概率与个体尺寸无关,接触概率在0.2-0.4之间,并随着栅条间距的增大而增大(不显著,P>0.05):对于小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼,所有进入网囊的个体都将接触刚性栅栏;不同鱼类接触栅栏概率的显著差异说明不同鱼类在网囊中的不同行为习性.     

Growth of marine bacteria and ammonium regeneration from substrates in different C: N ratios

Natural assemblages of marine bacteria were chosen in a batch culture experiments. The impact of varying nitrogen substrate concentrations and the substrate C:N ratios (C:N_S) on the bacterial C:N ratio (C:N_B), the bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) and ammonium regeneration was mainly examined. The C:N_S ratios varied from 5:1 (carbon limitation) to 40:1 (nitrogen limitation) with varying combinations of glucose and NO₃^-. The C:N_B ratio had positive relationship with the C:N_S ratio (r=0.93, n=8), whose value was 3.77 when the C:N_S ratio was 5:1 but increased to 6.47 when the C:NS ratio was 40:1. These results indicate that the C:N_B ratio is a potential diagnostic tool for determining the bacterial growth in natural waters controlled by either, carbon or nitrogen. BGE decreased with the declining nitrate concentration and negatively related to C:N_s (r=-0.51, n=8). The average value of BGE was 0.20. This value was a little lower than other reports, which could be induced by the nitrogen source used in our experiments. Finally, regeneration time of ammonium delayed with the increasing C:N_S ratio, which indicates that there were different metabolism mechanisms when bacterial growth was limited by carbon source and nitrogen source.     

Model Test Study on Ice-Induced Vibrations of Compliant Multi-Cone Structures

For the study on the ice-induced vibration of a compliant mono-cone structure,a series of model tests were performed from 2004 to 2006.In these tests,the ice sheet before the compliant conical structure was found to be failed in two-time breaking.Based on this important finding,model tests study of the ice force on a compliant multi-cone structure were performed from 2006 to 2007.in these tests,the ice sheet broke before each single cone non-simultaneously.The exciting energy of the total ice force was found to be in a wide range of frequencies,and the structure can be easily excited with nonlinear resonance.     

SZF型方位传感器方位定标测试方法

文中简要介绍了SZF型方位传感器的主要组成及工作原理,针对方位传感器在实验室内如何定标与测试给出了行之有效的计算机自差校正方案及实施方法,经过了大量的实际应用,该方法已经成为SZF型传感器的定标测试过程的重要步骤.