三维地震数据可视化原理及方法

可视化是实现三维地震数据真三维解释的有效方法,本文介绍了三维地震数据可视化的基本原理,论述了用光线投射算法实现可视化的主要步骤,详细推导了合成可视化图像的计算公式,分析了阻光度曲线的物理意义及对可视化图像的调节作用,并用两个实际三维地震数据进行了试验.结果表明该方法能够由原始三维地震数据直接对地质体进行成像,能将分散的、孤立的信息互相联系起来,揭示隐藏在数据中的地质现象和规律.     

川中、川南过渡带须家河组储集砂体成因类型及特征

川中、川南过渡带地区在晚三叠世须家河期湖盆演化的各阶段沉积了不同成因类型的碎屑岩储积砂体,以须家河组二段、四段和六段最为发育,其成因类型主要有三角洲平原分流河道砂体、三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体、河口坝砂体、滨湖砂滩和浅湖砂坝砂体。通过野外剖面、岩芯、测井曲线以及样品的薄片鉴定和扫描电镜分析,对各成因类型砂体的分布特征进行了研究,进而对各类砂体的结构构造、物性特征进行了对比研究。     

鄂尔多斯盆地能源矿产氯仿沥青Sm-Nd同位素研究

对鄂尔多斯盆地石油、煤、含铀砂岩及其围岩的氯仿沥青进行了Sm-Nd同位素研究。结果表明,盆地流体(包括深部流体)活动具有多期性,且后期的流体活动对铀矿床的形成具有重要作用;赋存于同一套地层中的含铀砂岩沥青、煤沥青及石油沥青,虽然均具有富集地幔特征,但并非同期活动的产物;东胜矿区侏罗系直罗组煤沥青和盆地西南部陈家山矿区侏罗系延安组的煤沥青,源区时代上存在较大差异,伴生沥青并非全部由煤的热演化形成,可能还存在外来流体的加入,且东胜直罗组煤的伴生沥青较延安组煤的伴生沥青来源深度更大;盆地内马岭油田的直罗组石油沥青、陈家山延安组煤层石油沥青及其煤沥青在源区特征上具有内在联系。     

东亚大陆边缘的构造格架及其中-新生代演化

燕山运动在亚洲大陆雏形东缘形成2条北东向的剪切带:郯庐断裂带和长乐-南澳-中央构造线断裂带,晚侏罗世—古近纪早期沿之发生地体/地块的拼贴。系统叙述了各移置地体/地块的主要岩石记录和拼贴时代,据起源分为3类:异地的(包括源自冈瓦纳的和源自盘古大洋的)、半异地的和准原地的;据拼贴位置分为2组:拼贴后基本位于原地的(日本海张开以前) 和发生过向北东错移的。新生代内东亚大陆边缘发生解体,可以台湾岛以北的菲律宾海盆断裂为界将东亚大陆边缘弧分为2段,北段仍处于剪切-拉张中,南段已进入剪切挤压-造山阶段。强调该地区中—新生代演化经历了2个里丁旋回, 形成早白垩世的北东向和新近纪的北东东向2期新生构造。     

前言：首届亚洲流体包裹体研究国际会议

ACROFI,abbreviation of the Asian Current Research on Fluid Inclusions,is a parallel of ECROFI and PACROFI.The first conference of ACROFI(ACROFI-I)was held at Nanjing University,China on 26～28 May 2006.ACROFI was designed as a biennial conference and aimed at providing an international forum for the exchange of latest researches and new ideas of geoscientists from academy,government and industry from Asian countries and other nations focusing on studies of both fluid and silicate inclusions.     

作为赋存于花岗岩中钨锡矿化勘探指南的流体包裹体异常——前景展望

Studies of the distribution and abundance of fluid inclusions in granitic quartz associated with granite-hosted Sn-W mineralization of the British Isles reveal local and regional scale anomalies.At a sampling interval of c.5～50m,inclusion abundances increase towards zones of vein and stockwork mineralization exemplified by case history examples from exploration prospects in the Mourne Mountains of Northern Ireland and the Carrock Fell mining district of northwestern England.These steam aureoles provide a greater exploration target than the zone of visible alteration and mineralization and the lithogeochemical halo.But it is important to link them to geochemical data on fluid inclusion compositions,such as the semi-quantitative data from decrepitation-linked,ICP-AES (D-ICP)analysis,to optimize their exploration potential.Regional scale fluid inclusion anomalies,based on sampling intervals of c. 2km from the Sn-W mineralized granites of southwest England also broadly correlate with zones of intense mineralization in some areas. Regional-scale D-ICP analyses of quartz from SW England granites did not provide any convincing regional scale anomalies linked to mineralization except for positive boron anomalies around the centrally-mineralized Birch Tor area of the Dartmoor granite.Follow-up D-ICP analysis of quartz from stream sediments from this area,however,could be used to discriminate between samples related to mineralization from those draining unmineralized areas,using multivariate statistical analysis.At the present stage of development, the main contribution of fluid inclusion studies to mineral exploration is mostly limited to the conceptual stage where they continue to contribute to ore genetic theory and models.Costs and lack of knowledge transfer between research scientists and mineral explorationists limit their direct use during regional and target selection stages of exploration.Analysis of steam sediment quartz,using the more sensitive ICP-MS technique as a variant of the D-ICP method,appears to offer the greatest potential for future development as an exploration tool.     

爆裂法作为快速测定流体包裹体中二氧化碳（和其它气体）含量的手段及其在勘探中的使用：以中国山东和河北省金矿为例

The acoustic decrepitation method heats a small monomineralic sample and counts pressure impulses as the inclusions burst when they develop high internal pressures.For aqueous fluids,the decrepitation temperature is correlated with the homogenisation temperature,but gas rich fluids give a distinct and characteristic low temperature decrepitation peak which can be used to recognize gas rich fluid inclusions.This information is useful in exploration for Au deposits,which are frequently associated with CO_2 rich and sometimes CH_4 rich fluids. This distinctive decrepitation occurs because the CO_2 rich inclusion fluids expand according to the gas law and develop internal pressures high enough to burst the host mineral grain at temperatures well below their homogenisation temperatures.In contrast,aqueous fluids condense to a liquid and vapour phase during post-entrapment cooling.Upon subsequent heating their internal pressures do not increase significantly until after homogenisation to a single phase occurs and hence they do not decrepitate"prematurely"as gas rich inclusions do. This behaviour is usually regarded as an annoyance in conventional microthermometric homogenisation studies,but can readily be used as an exploration aid to find mineralisation deposited from such gas rich fluids.Decrepitation results on samples from Cowra Ck, NSW,Australia,which have also been microthermometrically measured for CO_2 content,show that amounts of less than 5 mole % CO_2 are easily distinguished by decrepitation and amounts as low as 1 mole % CO_2 may be determinable. Examples of the use of acoustic decrepitation in the study of 6 gold mines in the Shandong and Hebei provinces of China are discussed.     

基于瑞典条分法数值解的边坡蒙特卡罗可靠性分析

本文基于瑞典条分法数值解的基本思想,建立了蒙特卡罗(Monte-Carlo)边坡可靠性分析计算模型,对云南省香格里拉县冷都复杂斜坡体前缘滑动体的稳定性进行了分析,计算结果表明该复杂斜坡体在目前状况下具有较高的稳定系数和可靠度,在降雨和地震作用下稳定性差,需要采取工程措施进行加固。     

地幔流体的交代作用——来自碱性正长岩及其深源岩石包体的证据

滇西玉龙县小桥头硅化霓辉正长斑岩中,含有较多镁铁-超镁铁质深源包体岩石。经岩相学和电子探针及扫描电镜分析发现,伴随交代蚀变,寄主岩和各类镁铁-超镁铁质包体岩石中,普遍发育沿粒间和矿物晶体裂隙或解理纹贯入或穿插的黑色不透明物质,主要由微晶硅酸盐矿物和磁铁矿组成。本文研究认为,硅酸盐矿物与磁铁矿在背散射电子图像中表现为熔离特征,这种在透光显微镜下呈黑色不透明的微晶固体,是引发交代蚀变、具熔浆流体特点和超临界流体性质的地幔流体交代作用的一种微观表现。     

冀北小张家口超基性岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成

采用离子探针(SHRIMPⅡ)测得小张家口基性-超基性岩体中的锆石主要有220±5Ma和491±7Ma两组年龄,以及一个很老的继承锆石年龄2453Ma。年龄为220±5Ma的一组锆石(A组)具有典型的岩浆型振荡环带,这组年龄应代表该岩体的侵位年龄。A组锆石的~(176)H/~(177)Hf比值从0.282557到0.282690,ε_(Hf)(220Ma)=-2.9～ 1.66。年龄为491±7Ma的一组锆石(B组)具有变质成因的蝴蝶结构(Butterfly structure)和熔蚀边,属于继承锆石。B组锆石的~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf比值从0.282239到0.282483,ε_(Hf)(491Ma)=-8.6～0.06。~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄为2453Ma的锆石应该是岩浆侵位时从华北克拉通古元古代基底中捕获的锆石。A组锆石的Hf同位素数据表明,220Ma左右由于华北北缘岩石圈伸展,导致软流圈地幔上涌,亏损的软流圈地幔流/熔体与富集的岩石圈地幔相互作用并混合,这种混合地幔源区发生部分熔融而形成小张家口基性-超基性岩体。B组锆石可能是小张家口岩体在岩浆侵位过程中捕获的来源于富集地幔或大陆下地壳的锆石。