声速剖面EOF表示的第一模态解析

为实现对声速剖面EOF表示后第一模态时间系数和空间函数变化规律的解析,提出了一种简化的声速剖面变化模型,即"拐点"深度值和声速值的变化;声速梯度的变化和表层海水温度周期性变化所引起的海水声速变化,通过将4种因素所引起的第一模态空间函数的变化规律与实际声速剖面簇第一模态空间函数的变化规律对比,分析引起实测声速剖面变化的主要因素,最后,分别用深海和浅海实测声速剖面数据对其进行验证。     

区间约束平差模型的共轭梯度积极集算法

主要研究参数带有区间约束的平差算法,通过把平差问题转化成一个带有区间约束的二次规划问题,利用积极集对二次规划问题进行划分与重组,结合无约束共轭梯度优化算法,给出了带有区间约束的平差算法,并同时给出了参数解的精度评估。由于投影梯度法可以迅速改变积极约束集的构成,新的算法比经典的积极集法效率更高,可以降低模型的不适定性,保持参数先验信息中的统计、几何或物理意义,适合于求解大规模的带有区间约束的平差问题。     

利用卷积神经网络进行绝缘子自动定位

提出一种基于二值化赋范梯度特征和卷积神经网络的航空影像绝缘子自动定位方法。首先利用二值化赋范梯度分类器提取绝缘子候选窗口,而后利用卷积神经网络算法进行精细识别,获得包含绝缘子目标的窗口集,最后对高重叠度窗口集进行加权迭代合并得到最终绝缘子定位结果。采用广东电网大型无人机实际线路巡检获取的可见光影像对自动定位算法进行验证,实验结果表明,在复杂背景下绝缘子整体回调率为90.5%,定位精度为92%,证明该方法能够对复杂背景下可见光影像中的绝缘子进行有效识别定位,且算法通用性较强,可适应不同背景的可见光影像。     

磁梯度张量系统的非线性集成矢量校正

磁梯度张量系统测量精度受到单磁传感器系统误差与传感器阵列间非对准误差的严重影响。为了获得精确的张量测量输出,建立了单磁传感器零漂、标度因子与非正交角等系统误差和多传感器轴系间非对准误差的集成数学模型,提出了基于十字磁梯度张量系统最小二乘非线性集成校正方法。相比两步标量校正,利用建立的集成数学模型能够一次性估计出十字形张量系统的48个误差参数,以"人造"平台输出为参考实现低成本矢量校正,极大提高了校正效率和参数估计准确率。仿真和实测表明,张量系统误差参数仿真估计准确率高于99.75%,实验校正后总场输出均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）小于2 nT,张量分量RMSE小于50 nT/m,参数估计具有较高的鲁棒性。     

随机森林算法在全球干旱评估中的应用

干旱是发生频率最高,造成社会、经济损失和生态破坏最严重、最广泛的自然灾害之一,因此对干旱进行可靠、有效的评估十分重要.本文以月平均降水、月平均温度、月最高温度、月最低温度、土壤湿度、蒸散发、NDVI、叶绿素荧光等作为解释变量,以基于SPI的干旱等级作为目标变量,采用随机森林算法,以2007-2012年的数据作为训练数据...     

基于结构约束的三维电阻率和重力法联合反演

电阻率和重力法是两种重要地球物理勘探方法,为了充分发挥这两种方法各自的优势,并且减少单一方法反演多解性的问题,笔者采用一种基于交叉梯度约束的重力和电阻率法联合反演算法。通过惩罚项的形式将交叉梯度约束条件加入到联合反演目标函数中,并通过高斯牛顿法对目标函数进行数值求解。模型试算结果表明,联合反演相比于单独反演获得了结构相似性更高的模型,电阻率模型对密度模型的纵向约束较为有效,密度模型纵向分辨率明显改善,联合反演能够获得更加准确的异常体空间结构分布。     

海洋测绘中影像图与港口航道图的镶嵌技术运用

文中介绍陆地影像图与港口航道图镶嵌的制图工艺,影像图与港口航道图镶嵌后的成图质量评价。简单阐述了作者在绘制该图种过程中的一些体会,以及影像图取代现有港口航道图上陆地地形的可行性。     

一种准确通用的台风路径预报模式

应用天气学理论,对台风云图的晴空区轴线制约台风移动的规律进行物理解释。根据台风云团与晴空区之间存在的干、湿梯度力和推动台风前进的惯性力的互相关系,建立台风移向预报方程和轨迹预报方程,分析论证了台风移向变化的物理过程,把影响台风移动的复杂因子转化为单一的预报因子。     

Characterization of a new lectin involved in the protoplast regeneration of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bryopsis hypnoides</Emphasis>

A group of coenocytic marine algae differs from higher plants,whose totipotency depends on an intact cell(or protoplast).Instead,this alga is able to aggregate its extruded protoplasm in sea water and generate new mature individuals.It is thought that lectins play a key role in the aggregation process.We purified a lectin associated with the aggregation of cell organelles in Bryopsis hypnoides.The lectin was ca.27 kDa with a pI between pH 5 and pH 6.The absence of carbohydrate suggested that the lectin was ...     

Wavelet analysis and nonparametric test for climate change in Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang during 1959–2006

Using wavelet analysis, regression analysis and the Mann-Kendall test, this paper analyzed time-series (1959–2006) weather data from 23 meteorological stations in an attempt to characterize the climate change in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Major findings are as follows: 1) In the 48-year study period, average annual temperature, annual precipitation and average annual relative humidity all presented nonlinear trends. 2) At the 16-year time scale, all three climate indices unanimously showed a rather flat before 1964 and a detectable pickup thereafter. At the 8-year time scale, an S-shaped nonlinear and uprising trend was revealed with slight fluctuations in the entire process for all three indices. Incidentally, they all showed similar pattern of a slight increase before 1980 and a noticeable up-swing afterwards. The 4-year time scale provided a highly fluctuating pattern of periodical oscillations and spiral increases. 3) Average annual relative humidity presented a negative correlation with average annual temperature and a positive correlation with annual precipitation at each time scale, which revealed a close dynamic relationship among them at the confidence level of 0.001. 4) The Mann-Kendall test at the 0.05 confidence level demonstrated that the climate warming trend, as represented by the rising average annual temperature, was remarkable, but the climate wetting trend, as indicated by the rising annual precipitation and average annual relative humidity, was not obvious.