太阳常数

Pouillet认为达到地球大气上界的太阳辐射是一个常定的量,因此,1838年命名为太阳常数.但是随即有不少学者提出反对,认为太阳常数不是一个真正的常数.其中有代表性的是Abbot,他利用大黑子群过日中时太阳常数下降的事实,证明太阳常数是变化的.但是,由于计算大气对太阳辐射削弱的不确定性,以及太阳辐射观测精度不高,计算出来的太阳常数的误差约1%,而不同时间、地点得到的太阳常数的变化也在1%以内.所以长期以来无法通过直接观测回答太阳常数是否是一个真正常数的问题.     

褐藻纲海带目Laminaria属和Saccharina属基于三个分子标记的系统发育分析

In the past two decades, many studies have focused on the classification within genus Laminaria, ultimately trying to divide it into two subgroups or genera: Laminaria and Saccharina. A significant debate still surrounds the question of its division, as the conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses that have resulted from the classification studies are based on different taxon sampling, molecular markers, or analysis methods. It is aimed at elucidate the molecular phylogeny within Laminaria and Saccharina. The nine species of Laminariales are sampled from northern Asia and Europe, and 23 new sequences in the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes are determined to identify their taxonomic status. The phylogenetic analyses of 71 species are performed, including representatives from six of the seven families of the order Laminariales, based on three separate data sets. An evidence is provided to strongly support a clear split that maintains the two recognized genera, Laminaria and Saccharina, with Laminaria appearing to be the ancestor group. Further, analyses indicate that all taxa in Saccharina and Laminaria did not form a monophyletic lineage, instead Laminariaceae and Lessoniaceae grouped together interlacedly, and Costariaceae appeared as the sister taxon of the Lessoniaceae–Laminariaceae clade. In the phylogenetic analysis, mitochondrial c oxidase I(COI) sequences appeared to be the most credible molecular marker which was more befitting than nuclear encoded internal transcribed spacer(ITS) and plastid encoded rbcL for establishment of Laminariales systematics. It is the most comprehensive phylogeny of the order Laminariales, and contributes to an enhanced understanding and estimation of the phylogenetic relationships for the economically important seaweeds, Laminaria and Saccharina.     

吉林延边地区汪清县大兴沟早二叠世华夏植物群的发现及其地质意义

吉林省延边地区汪清县大兴沟镇和盛村附近和盛组中首次采获大童植物化石:Lepidophylloides sp.,Stigmaria ficoides(Stemb.)Brongn.,Trizygia oblongifolium(Germ.et Kaulf.)Asama,Cal-amites cistii Brongn.,C...     

桩端下有软弱下卧层的群桩沉降分析

群桩沉降由桩身压缩和桩端沉降组成。本文采用桩身线弹性的假定计算单桩桩身压缩,用单桩的桩身压缩近似代替群桩桩身压缩,并用承台下的平均附加应力乘以桩端荷载传递系数后作为桩端的附加应力,推出了桩端下有软弱下卧层的群桩沉降计算方法,同时与其他计算方法和工程实测值进行了比较。     

多环芳烃在小白洋淀挺水植物中的分布、组成及其影响因素

利用GC-MS测定了端村小白洋淀5个采样点三种主要挺水植物(荷花、蒲草和芦苇)中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,分析了其分布与组成特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)16种优控多环芳烃总量(PAH_(16))在三种挺水植物中的平均干重含量范围为82.5-448.6ng/g(dw),七种挺水植物组织荷叶、荷茎、蒲叶、蒲茎、蒲根、苇叶与苇根中PAH_(16)的平均干重含量分别为448.6ng/g(dw)、129.3ng/g(dw)、292.6ng/g(dw)、166.8ng/g(dw)、82.5ng/g(dw)、141.5ng/g(dw)和90.0ng/g(dw),这些数据表明同种植物的叶中PAHs含量最高、茎中次之、根中最低;PAHs各组份在七种挺水植物中的含量具有显著的正相关关系,反映了PAHs在植物组织中的分布模式极为相似.(2)七种挺水植物组织中,均以低环PAHs为主,中环PAHs次之,高环PAHs很低,其百分比范围分别为66.2%(荷叶)-89%(蒲茎)、10.2%(蒲茎)-32.6%(荷叶)和0.6%(蒲叶)-3.7%(苇根);菲、荧蒽、萘、芴、芘和屈6种PAHs组分在挺水植物组织中的平均百分含量较高,分别为35.3%、15.5%、12.1%、11.7%、9.2%和5.2%,占PAH_(16)的89%.3)PAHs在挺水植物中的含量与植物含脂率具有显著的正相关关系,与PAHs组分的辛醇-水分配系数(K_(ow))以及辛醇-大气分配系数(K_(oa))具有显著的负相关关系.     

青海达布逊湖50万年以来气候变化的孢粉学证据

基于青海柴达木盆地达布逊湖达 1井岩芯样品孢粉分析结果,将孢粉谱划分为Q₂ 、Q₃ 和Q₄ 三个孢粉带;并根据孢粉组合特征讨论了过去 5 0万年中研究区植被演化和古气候变化问题。达 1井沉积剖面年龄根据古地磁测定。研究结果表明,柴达木盆地中更新世中、晚期 ( 5 0 0～ 130kaBP)气候可能为暖温带半潮湿型,晚更新世 ( 130～ 10kaBP)气候为温带半干燥型,全新世 ( 10～ 0kaBP)气候为寒温带干燥型。晚更新世气候变化与青藏高原古里雅冰芯所记录的冷暖事件演变基本一致.     

辽宁丹东黄旗地区辽河群变质岩地球化学特征及成因探讨

黄旗地区处于中朝准地台东部、胶辽台隆之营口-宽甸台拱南东端.研究区为辽东早前寒武纪地质构造分区东部,主要出露中生代岩浆杂岩和古元古代岩浆岩及地层,古元古代辽河群广泛发育.主要变质岩类型可划分为：片岩、变粒岩、浅粒岩、长石石英岩、钙硅酸岩及大理岩.研究区辽河群变质岩岩石化学特征为：1）硅酸盐类岩石SiO2平均含量为47.32%~78.6%,总体K2O>Na2;2）碳酸盐类岩石总体CaO>MgO,总的特征是富钙、镁.辽河群各类变质岩微量元素含量相似度较高,F、Rb含量高,浓度克拉克值较大.辽河群变质岩的稀土元素特征为：ΣREE平均值为205.9×10-6,LREE/HREE平均值为12.8,δEu平均值为0.56;稀土分布图谱属右缓倾斜型,轻稀土分异较重稀土分异好,属于轻稀土富集型,具负铕和弱负铈异常.结合区域内辽河群原岩建造特点,可推断在古元古代时期研究区属地槽型大地构造环境,反映了辽河群地层整体上构成了一个较完整的火山-沉积建造序列.     

The physical simulation of wave groups and their variations in a wave flume

The physical simulation method of wave groups in a wave flume is proposed and verified by the exper- iments. The experimental results demonstrate that random waves with desired wave groupiness, which simultaneously includes the wave group height and length, can be generated satisfactorily at the specified position in a wave flume using the proposed method. Furthermore, the transformation properties of the wave groupiness along the fiat-bottomed wave flume are investigated based on the physically simulated waves. Associated proposals with the physical simulation of wave groups are given.     

关于电离层频高图的一种换算方法

本文对电离层频高图换算为电子浓度垂直分布剖面图方法中的Titheridge联合换算方法作了适当的修正和补充,并对此方法的误差等问题进行了分析和讨论。